it was a memorial for jefferson davis. the group emailed local media with ransom terms for the memorial's the united daughters of confederacy. they included photographs of a hole being cut into the seat of a clever replica of the chair and promised to use it as a toilet unless the women of the udc hung a banner on the front of their headquarters, richmond, virginia, quoting assata shakur, the rulers of this country have always considered their property to be more important than our lives. the group asked for the banner to hang for 24 hours on friday, april ninth, 2021, the anniversary, the confederacy surrender in the civil war. unsurprisingly, the savvy udc did not take the bait. but white lives matter inc. was on to something, and the groups which did not mask cunning its name could hardly smarter, and it captured something crucial about cultural infrastructure in the united states. the activist successfully called out the power of the ordinary of memorials in parks, museums visited by school children and routine everyda

that is the jefferson davis memorial highway highway. so that is just an example of the kind of story that you write from these inquests and that i hope you will write in the weeks ahead. does anybody have any questions about? death investigation in the united states, the coroner's office in the 19th century south or anything else. i know it's been another glum day in the history of death and dying in the united states. i'll see you all on tuesday. thanks very much. how. nevada usa. this is the valley where the giant mushrooms grow more atomic bombs have been exploded on these few hundred square miles of desert than on any other spot on the globe. little bomb. maker. overseas. and high burst. within the last two years. 20 of these colossal blasts echoed across the great barren stretches of the southwest. this testing ground in our own backyard is just an aerial stone's throw from the los alamos laboratory has been used only for experimental devices below certain power level. even so, it has been hugely valuable. it would have cost months

so word of this gets to jefferson davis and davis tries to calm him down. he says, oh, general, you know, you really can't do this. i know. maybe they didn't do what they were supposed to do. but can't we let bygones be bygones? and the answer was, no, we cannot. i am going to prosecute these guys and i'm going to make them pay. so while he's doing all of this, the federal army that he had just defeated, thanks in large part to this mistake of the gap in the line, is fleeing back toward chattanooga. if he had concentrated on pursuit rather than revenge rage among his own fellow officers, he might have accomplished more. but by the time he got to chattanooga, which he expected the federals now to be evacuating, i mean, he beat them after all, but they weren't evacuating. they were digging in. they were fortifying. and so now he's not strong enough to fight his way in. they're not strong enough to fight their way out. and it become arms, in effect, a siege, but a curious a siege with an asterisk and a footnote. john. one of my talking about here is he doesn't

even as early as july of 62, varina davis, the wife of, jefferson davis, confessed in a letter to her husband, quote, she still was pessimistic. the south. she felt intimidate by the north's greater resources and habits, discipline and perseverance. and she declared, if the south should fail, it should be god's decree. in the late fall of 1864, of course, varina just lost one of her youngest children to a tragically fallen out of the window of the confederate house to his death. just that summer, varina pictured here with her newest by, winnie, confided to her friend mary chesnut. i confess, i do not success in every passing breez but i am so tired hoping. fearing. being disappointed, she continued to stress to mary her sincere efforts not to be disconsolate. even though thieves break through and steal. she admitted she had a blind kind of prognostic. so victory us. but somehow i am not cheered. and even into 1865, she's writing to a general friend of hers named general preston, saying that like women who have the poorer classes, who now blamed their men for going to war and getting t

same as jefferson davis did.s should be hanged or punished. they weren't. but that's about the big dissent in american president of the united states, or president of the united states can commit. so, it just really makes you question, what are these people all about. if they have been saying for years, were for national security, yet it's okay if trump tosses around classified document if he's found guilty. and if they've been saying for years, that they are for law and order and they're perfectly happy to contemplate a future in which donald trump might, if this is legally possible, serve from some federal prison as president of the united states, this is getting so weird and surreal that it all goes them to watch the debate last night with everyone pretending as if this is 1984. >> and that's a different. world and, look there are a lot of different people, jennifer, who are watching tonight. who probably identify as democrats, progressives and continue to take some joy in the demise of the republican party. b

here is an example of names we can see so we'll see names like federal thomas jefferson, jefferson davisivate age 25 but also more traditional names, these are blended names where there is a european root of the name but combined and then there are families within the political arena. important families that produce this foundation during the 19th century so something as simple as these names on the records can reveal the broader change taking place. the age data provides opportunity for comparison on american soldiers and to say the averageag age was just a little bit older than the average age and the union army and with what little data we have on confederate soldiers, that jim mcpherson has compiled, it is slightly older than american counterparts. the data can reveal relationships where it suggests relationships so there ages 20 to 28 and they are in the same companyy, july 30 at the same location and they were all related whether they are brothers or cousins together. age 43 and hunter age 18 both joined the company that the station because they were a father and friend in hopes of

take very seriously politically or otherwise becomes part of a meme related to the capture of jefferson daviser the civil war because he is caught wearing women's clothing and this becomes incredibly popular to reproduce in a variety of ways. youor can find many more exampls of this and it only works if you think of men and women's clothing as women's clothing being this kind of signifier that you were less than, that you were weaker and worth mocking, that it's laughable. so it's a signifier that he is no longer a powerful person when we see him in women's clothing like this. soso this is the way that even e imagery when we see them wearing bloomers it is a signifier of their power and of their genderr role during this time period. this is right around the same time period 1869 just after the civil war and in the immediate aftermath of the civil war, people are considering what to do next. by 1869re americans are debating the amendment about to be ratified. the amendment of course prohibits the further discrimination based on race and effectively enfranchise as black franchises black men and

. -- they elected jefferson davis as their president, i would say that is contentious. america.also gave us abraham lincoln. here is the biggest, 1876. democrat governor samuel tilden of new york won 250 thousand more votes hayes the republican and 19 or electoral college votes, but tilden was still one electoral vote -- one, short of the required 185 majority. and 20 votes remained uncounted in florida, louisiana and south carolina, because their votes were too close to call. each party accused the other of fraud. and in oregon, one elector was declared illegal and replaced with controversial results, you had a crisis here, greatest electoral crisis in american history. and threats of another civil war, it wassin 1876, what happened? congress establishes a 15 member commission of senors, congressman and supreme court justices. so they said, we can't figure it out, let's have a commission, that is about as far as from popular vote in electoral as you can get. but keep something in mind, congress is making the decisions. not a department of justice. not a prosecutor. in every one

take very seriously politically or otherwise becomes part of a meme related to the capture of jefferson davis after the civil war because he is caught wearing women's clothing, and is this becomes an incredibly popular image to reproduce in a variety of ways. so, for example, here are some versions of this image. and if you do some quick searching, you can find many, many more examples of this. and the joke really only works if you think of men in women's clothing as women's clothing as being this kind of signifier that you are less than, that you are weaker, that you are worth mocking, that it's laughable, right? so it's this signifier that he's no longer a powerful person when we see anymore women's clothing like this. so this is, this is the ways that, you know, even women's imagery when you see them wearing bloomers, suggesting that they're wearing masculine clothing that they are more powerful: these are the way these are are signifiers of their power and their gender roles during this time period. so i want to jump, this is right around the same time period as the last couple of images

take very seriously politically or otherwise, becomes part of a meme related to the capture of jefferson davis after the civil war because he is caught wearing women's clothing and this becomes a popular image to reproduce in a variety of ways. for example, here are some of the versions of the image. if you do some quick etching is you can kind many, many more examples of this. and this joke really only works if you think of men in women's clothing as women's clothing as being this kind of signifier that you are less than. that you are weaker, that you are worth mocking, that it's laughable, right? so it's a signifier that he's no longer a powerful person when we see him in these-- in women's clothing like this. so, this is the-- this is the way that, you know, even women's rights imagery, when we see them wearing bloomers, this is suggesting that they're wearing maculine clothing and this is the way the clothing signifies the power and gender roles around this time period. i want to jump around, this is 1869, just after the civil war and as you all know, in the immediate aftermath of the civi

it was called d jefferson davis hospital and mostly african americans and immigrants for patients who couldn't afford healthcare had to goto that hospital. atrocious conditions . to the point where ads started to be written about it and there's voter referendums to fund a public health care system. that's the seed that's planted in the 1960s and what comes about is the healthcare system a lot like what you have in bear county. there's clinics outline in their specialty clinics, fiddles and it's a local system that has been cultivated by public leaders over three years. very specific to texas. the big texas cities have it for a lot of different reasons because they doesn't want to take, doesn't want to give doctors to healthcare and allow the county to do that but as the county has grownin the urban centers , they realized something, in order to keep people out of emergency rooms you have to provide healthcare. we just haven't found that out as a nation. other counties have thought about this and together. part of the book is there is real incentive for that system of keeping people in

from the county and city and each of them were trying to dump it on the other, it was called jefferson davishospital. and it -- mostly african-americans and immigrants were the patients who couldn't afford health care and had to go to that hospital. atrocious conditions, you know, to the point where op-eds started to be written about it and there's a voter referendum to fund a public health care system that's the seed that's planted inem the 1960s. and that comes about a health care system a lot like what you have in bear county there's clinics -- you know, outlying and there's specialty clinic there's hospitals, and it's a -- a local system that has been cultivated by public leaders over years. very specific to texas like the bigger tech, big texas city have it for a lot of different reasons because the state doesn't want to take, you know, want to give dollars to health care and allows county to do that buts a the counties have grown in the urban centers, they've realized something. in order to keep people out of emergency rooms, you have to provide them health care. we haven't found that

it was called jefferson davis hospital. mostly, it was african americans and immigrants, patients who came and had to go to that hospital. atrocious conditions to the point where op-eds started to be written about it and there was a voter referendum to fund a public health care system. that is the sea that was planted in the 1960s. what comes about from that is a health care system a lot like what you have here in bexar county. there are clinics outlining -- there are specialty clinics, hospitals. it is a local system that has been cultivated by public leaders over the years. the big texas cities have it for a lot of different reasons because the state does not want to take, want to give dollars to health care and allow the county to do that. as the counties have grown in the urban centers, they have realized something. in order to keep people out of emergency rooms, you have to provide them health care. we just have not found that out as a nation, right? other countries have thought about this and put it together. well, th

. >> only donald trump, who has broken this line, the first diseased politician since jefferson davis1860. >> this is heartbreaking for the country. when i saw his coming out of his car and this or that i saw a scared puppy. >> he cannot win that election. of the party will not depart from him, he has to be beaten. the party has to be defeated. martha: the same people who want to lock him up and throw away the key never want the president to leave the scene and are pushing for his court dates to be broadcast live. >> very important that this trial be televised. i know there is a federal rules that it can't be. the maga cult will not believe anything. >> they need to see it. if i were the prosecutors in this case, i would make that very argument. this is an exceptional case. >> the american people have to see this. >> it's not 1918. east 2,023. we need to get with it. >> this is the trial of the century, the most important trial in american history. are we not going to have live audio? martha: a new york times columnist calling up the press for overlooking trump supporters asking what

confederate stronghold on the mississippi river, the commanders, commander, chief's, i should say, jefferson davis and abraham lincoln put a higher priority. oh, vicksburg, you got remember that vicksburg is davis's backyard. i mean, this is the hometown, folks. so he's obviously very familiar, referred to it as the nail head that the south's two halves together. abraham lincoln said, see a lot of land these fellows hold, of which vicksburg is the key. the war can never be brought to close until that key is in our pocket. now, what that ends up doing, and i once again we could do multiple lectures on campaigns on vicksburg, right here there are a lot of failed attempts to take vicksburg. in fact, my master's thesis from the school beat alabama right there wrote a we're not at anybody's funeral. you know got in trouble about that comment at look it up. my thesis was own the battle in chickasaw bayou which was one of the failed attempts right there and if i ever get around to it i'll i'll publish too one time my mother has a copy thank thank you very much. she says hello, by the way. she just texted

joe harsh said years ago that part of lee's brilliance was learning how to manage jefferson davis. i think part of grant's is learning how to manage the expectations and the needs of abraham lincoln. so i we make us i think we make a somewhat of a mistake to limit the discussion to and grant when we assess lincoln as commander in chief. not not that i disagree with you said but but since was kind of running out of time already i want to throw in a bit about lincoln the communicator and lincoln the the policy maker and we're all dancing around the triumph, the transformation in the war that takes place on january one, 1863. but lincoln's greatest act as a commander in chief has act for all of the modern complaints that it was and limited and inelegant and prosaic is the emancipation proclamation issued not out of bosom of philanthropy as the new york times put it, but as commander in chief of the army and navy, as a war measure? and i don't lincoln wrote that because only because he didn't have the civil powers issue an executive order, because he was always nervous about the legali

. >> only donald trump who is broken this align the first, diseased a politician since jefferson davis. >> this is heartbreaking for the country. but when i saw his coming out of his car, i saw a scared puppy. >> you cannot win that election if the party will not depart from him then he has to be, the party has to be defeated. >> so the same people that want to lock him up and throw away the key also never want the president to leave the scene either. and they're pushing for his court dates to be broadcast live. watch. >> it's very important that this trial be televised. i know there is a federal rule that it can't be. the maggot cult is not gonna believe it. i fire the prosecutors in this case i would make that very argument. this is an exceptional case. >> american people have to see this it's not 1918 here. it's 2022 we need to get with it. i think this is a trial of the century. perhaps the most important trial of the history are we really not can have a line of audio? >> and now a new york columnist is calling out the press for overlooking trump supporters asking, what if we are t

. >> is only donald trump who has broken this line, the first disease politician since jefferson davisis heartbreaking for th country. but when i saw his coming out o his car, i saw a scared puppy. >> he can't win that election. if the party will not depart from him, then he has to -- the party has to be defeated. >> so the same people that want to lock him up and throw away the key also wan never want the president to leave the scene either, and are pushing for his court dates to be broadcast l live. watch. >> it is very important that this will be televised. mark now i know that there is a federal rule that it can'tve t. the mega cult . >> need hereto see it. if i were the prosecutors in this case, i would make that veryse i argument, that this is exceptional case. >> dealmaking people have to se this. is not 1918 here, it's 2023 unger we need to get with it. >> i think this is the trial of the century, most important trial perhaps of american history. are really likely to have a liv. audio? >> and now a new york times columnist was calling out the press for overlooking trump support

is that lean knows how to handle jefferson davis and when lee once an officer transferred out of my army, this guy's not getting the job done. davis will let him do it now lee. lee has to do it right lee has to use some tact and some finesse, but he knows how to do that and he can get it done and so lee has the team that he wants there in virginia. well, he doesn't have stonewall jackson because he's dead. he would have liked to have had him. but otherwise lee gets to get the officers he wants there in virginia and he's got a good team. he's very good his men are good. his army's good. so it is totally unrealistic to expect grant to win within a matter of weeks. or to win very cheaply and easy and another another unrealistic aspect of expectations about what we're going to be seeing here. was that that somehow? not that picture. let's look at this one somehow. with an officer like grant people expect that he's going to call his shots. he's gonna be like babe ruth the famous time that he points to the center field stands and then hits the ball there. i think ruth probably got lucky. but y

you will see names for thomas jefferson,ge jefferson davis, private each 25 but also more traditional names. you see these blended names where a european root of a name combined with and then the surnames of prominent families in the political arena are important families that produce district. something as simple as the names on the enlistment records can reveal broader changes worth taking place in the society. >> it also provides opportunity for similar data and i will summarize to sayge the average e was a little bit older than the average age of enlistees in the union army and on that confederate soldiers. so there is the enlistees age 20 to 28 and we wonder if they all mustered into the same company on the same day july 30th at the same location. similarly,43 age 43 both joined september 2nd, 1864 because they have beenan a father and son and a son andhopes joining togethers of one another. they are silent about such connections and the history collection is similar to the wpa. with personal papers with the military records. we know for certain that you did joined together cousi

lecture in boston in the fall of 1865 douglas compared johnson to the president of the confederacy jefferson, davis and warned and unquoting now. that the gains of the civil war were on the verge of being lost because of the imbecility or the treachery of president johnson and what douglas and other black activists believed that something needed to be done and that takes us to douglas's second meeting with johnson on february 7th. 1866. and that was in the white house and a black convention in december 1865 douglas had proposed that a black delegation should go to washington dc as a lobbying group to talk to congressman and the president about black rights the convention approved the resolution and the group around 10 people which included douglas arrived in the district late, january of 1866. these are two members of the group george downing. was a black activist. he also was a caterer a black restaurateur from rhode island who had moved to washington dc. he had become friends with charles sumner. he got the job of being in charge of the congressional dining room. he was the nominal leader of the

understand democracy, but we've gone through crises, the british tried to take it away in 1812, so did jefferson davishe nazis and imperial japanese in 1941, osama bin laden in 2001. these are different episodes, obviously, but the general story here is that americans are slow to anger and we're slow to rise up against a threat to democracy. but once we roll into action, we make sure that the democracy survives. it happened in all of those cases. so what i would say is this indictment is late. i think i would have felt better if it had happened two years ago because coming so late means there's some chance that donald trump and his lawyers can run down the clock and put this in jeopardy of happening after the election, at which time, if he's elected president, he can shut this down. this is what's at stake here. he said he wants to be essentially a presidential dictator if he comes back. he and his people have said that. so if this is not in some way sanctioned, the things he did on january 6th that are in this indictment, that would be all of us as americans saying, it's okay, what he did on january

it's only donald trump who has broken this line the firsts the first disease politician since jefferson davis60. this is heartbreaking for>> thi the country. but when i saw his coming out of his car and this or i saw a scared puppy. they cannot win that election. if the party will will not depart from him, then the party ha n s to be read and the depart.th >> the party has to bee defeatp . so the same people that want to lock him up and throw away the key alsoeoe that w throw a t the base, never want the president to leave the scene either. are pushing for his court dates to be broadcast live, watch. >> it's very important that this trial be televised. now, i know a federal rule that it can't be a maga cult is notta going to believe it. they need to see it. and i think if i wer not gone ie the prosecutors in this case, i would make t that very, veryargument argument. this is an exceptional case. .american have to see this. >> it's not 1918 here it's 20 23. >> we need to get with it. i think this is the trial of the century. most importantthis iit's 20 perhaps in american history. are we reall

that is the jefferson davis memoal highway highway. so that is just an example of the kind of story that you write from these inquests and that i hope you will write in the weeks ahead. does anybody have any questions about? death investigation in the united states, the coroner's office in the 19th century south or anything else. i know it's been another glum day in the history of death and dying in the united states. i'll see you all on tuesday. thanks very much.

so you'll see names such as john simpson several thomas jefferson's age jefferson davis a private h25, but all so more traditional names like cubby or ehan tubby or hiyo. kanubi. you see these blended names right where there's a euro a european route of a name, but then combined with choctaw language name and then you also see surnames of prom families within the choctaw political arenas so the fulsom's laforce and mccurtains are important families that produce district or principal chiefs and the choctaw nation during the 19th century. so again something as simple as these names on these enlistment records can reveal a broader changes that we're taking place in choctaw society. the age data on soldiers from the first choctaw and chickasaw mounted rifles also provides some opportunity for comparison with similar data on american soldiers and i'll just summarize to say that choctaw soldiers the average age of enlistees was just a little bit older than the average age of enlistees in the union army and then based on what little data we have on confederate soldiers. that jim mcpherson ha

it's only donald trump who has broken this line, the first diseased politician since jefferson daviswho write in powerful newspapers, people who talk on cable news shows and others watch and believe their misinformation. most unfortunately, i think the politicians who lie to their constituents every day. >> that was a very moving compilation that our excellent producers put together. it went through history to show how a concession speech, how a peaceful transfer of power should go and what that looks like. we went to 2016 when hillary clinton, obviously devastated by the outcome, she was on the precipice of becoming a historic american president. she came out, called donald trump that night on election night and came out the next morning and conceded the election and said we should all be rooting for the success of donald trump, because the country is bigger than any one person. you can go back to people who said, i didn't like it, in some cases maybe thought they won, but let's move on for the betterment of the country. that's not what donald trump did. just over 2 1/2 years ago a