world, john henry and has the story from chicago into chicago studio, the meaning of instruments and voices of the world plan into a global symphony. to chicago, the immigrant orchestra is a rotating country, is up to 30 musicians, playing a unique blend of world music that combines persian vocal, the mongolian through the end instruments from around the world in each composition from a chinese rewan to and fro peruvian percussion uniting sound in society, music is a ard, the $0.10 boarders, and it's, it's $0.10 pressure. this is and, and, and stereotypes and it's, it's, it's something that everybody can kind of experience collectively. when is the rule or the groups, palestinian american co director plays the bazooka place in between notes that are not on the suitcase or on the piano or on the guitar. if this style is hard to pinpoint the speakers, the music is from no single place. the instruments of the world together through the universal language in music co director for read hon. the chicago born son, if a truly and mother and a pakistani father says instruments never played together before combined seamlessly more so he says the nation

chicago into chicago studio, the mingled instruments and voices of the world planned into a global since we sent the, the chicago immigrant orchestra is a rotating country, is up to 30 musicians playing a unique blend of world music that combines persian vocal, the mongolian through the end instruments from around the world of each composition from a chinese rewan to and fro peruvian percussion, uniting sound in society. music is a ard, the $0.10 boarders, and $0.10 pressure. this is and, and, and stereotypes and it's, it's, it's something that everybody can kind of experience collectively when he subaru are the groups, palestinian american co director plays the bazooka place in between notes that are not on the books. ok. or on the piano or on the guitar. if this style is hard to pinpoint, the music is from no single place, the instruments of the world together through the universal language of using co director for read hon. the chicago born son of a truly and mother and a pakistani father says instruments never played together before combined seamlessly more so he says than the nations they come from. one of

today the chicago immigrant orchestra showcase is global music aiming to serve as a model for unity and divided weld. it's $100.00 and half the story from chicago. into chicago studio, the mingled instruments and voices of the world planned into a global sims, meaning the chicago immigrant orchestra is a rotating country, is up to 30 musicians, playing a unique blend of world music that combines persian vocal, the mongolian through the end instruments from around the world and each composition from a chinese rewan to and fro peruvian percussion, uniting sound in society. music is a ard, the $0.10 boarders. and it's, it's $0.10 pressure. this is and, and, and stereotypes and it's, it's, it's something that everybody can kind of experience collectively when he subaru are the groups, palestinian american co director plays the bazooka place in between notes that are not on the books. ok. or on the piano or on the guitar. if this style is hard to pinpoint, the music is from no single place, the instruments of the world together through the universal language of using co director for read hon. the chicago born son of a truly and mother and a pakistani father says

community today of the chicago and the going to construct, showcase is global music hoping to serve as a model for unity and a divided world john henry has the story from chicago into chicago studio, the mingled instruments and voices of the world plans into a global symphony. the, the chicago immigrant orchestra is a rotating country of up to 30 musicians, playing a unique blend of world music that combines persian vocal, the mongolian through the and instruments from around the world in each composition from a chinese rewan to and fro peruvian percussion, uniting sound in society, music is the art of $0.10 boarders and $0.10 pressure. this is and, and, and stereotypes and it's, it's, it's something that everybody can kind of experience collectively. when is the rule or the groups, palestinian american co director plays the bazooka place in between notes that are not on the suitcase or on the piano or on the guitar. if this style is hard to pinpoint the speakers, the music is from no single place. the instruments of the world together are the universal language in music co director for recon, the chicago born son if a truly and mother and a pakistani father says instrumen

chicago immigrant orchestra showcase is global music, hoping to serve as a model for unity in a divided world. john henry, as our story into chicago studio, the mingled instruments and voices of the world planned into a global since we sent the, the chicago immigrant orchestra is a rotating country, is up to 30 musicians playing a unique blend of world music that combines persian vocals the mongolian through the end instruments from around the world and each composition from a chinese rewan to and fro. peruvian percussion, uniting sound in society. music is a ard, the $0.10 boarders. and it's, it's $0.10 pressure. this is and, and, and stereotypes and it's, it's, it's something that everybody can kind of experience collectively when he subaru are the groups, palestinian american co director plays the bazooka place in between notes that are not on the books. ok. or on the piano or on the guitar. if this style is hard to pinpoint, the music is from no single place, the instruments of the world together through the universal language of using co director for read hon. the chicago born son of a truly and mother and a pakistani father says instruments never played together before combined seamlessly more so he says than the nations they come

john engine has the story from chicago or in a chicago studio, the mingled instruments and voices of the world plan into a global symphony. to chicago, the immigrant orchestra is a rotating country, is up to 30 musicians, playing a unique blend of world music that combines persian vocal, the mongolian through the end instruments from around the world in each composition from a chinese rewan to and fro peruvian percussion uniting sound in society, music is a ard, the $0.10 supporters and $0.10 pressure. this is and, and, and stereotypes and it's, it's, it's something that everybody can kind of experience collectively. when is the rule or the groups, palestinian american co director plays the bazooka.

chicago . a in a chicago studio, the meaning of instruments and voices of the world plan into a global since the chicago immigrant orchestra is a rotating country, is up to 30 musicians playing a unique blend of world music that combines persian vocal, the mongolian through the end instruments from around the world and each composition from a chinese rewan to and fro peruvian percussion, uniting sound in society. music is a ard, the $0.10 boarders. and it's, it's $0.10 pressure. this is and, and, and stereotypes and it's, it's, it's something that everybody can kind of experience collectively.

into temporary shelters. alexis mcadams has more in chicago. >> good morning from chicago where we are expected to see the migrants district field houses because the city wants kids and families to be able to use them for the summer. migrants now have to go. we asked the city this week is it just going to lead to more migrants living on the streets? >> as the evictions continue across chicago are you expecting to see migrants camping out all over the city? >> that's a question. if you grow that you have a couple more thousand people on the street, that makes a larger problem. >> so sounds like things could get worse. this weekend the city will start moving hundreds of migrants out of five park district field houses. the plan is then to transition them to other shelters across chicago. part of the more than 10,000 migrants living in 23 city shelters as of now. this all comes as the city is now enforcing a 60 day shelter limit on top of it. dozens of migrants will be evicted from city shelters and don't know where they will even go next. the crisis is costing the city big money, which is the major headline here. the

chicago tied with less than 60 seconds to go in the third. then the black hawks score in less than 20 seconds into overtime for the win. chicago-4. it's the first time in franchise history the sharks have led by four goals and lost. >> it's tough when it happens, but, yeah, it's -- yeah, it's not great. yeah, i mean it's tough, you know. you got momentum there, and we had to stick to our plan and don't panic. >> down the street san jose earthquakes earned their first win of the year. jeremy delivers the game winner in the -- yeah, look at that. there is it the game winner. the quakes beat seattle 3-2. san jose is on the way to houston next saturday. >> edge of the box. coming out, but there goes. >> heart break for bay fc. washington scores winning goal with 30 seconds remaining in stoppage time. the spirit win it 2-1. it's bay fc's first loss in franise hichst norman, bad news... i never graduated from med school. what? but the good news is... xfinity mobile just got even better! now, you can automatically connect to wifi speeds up to a gig on the go. plus, buy one unlimited line and get one free for a year. i gotta get this

chicago and dragged her into this university, he had free housing. he was sheltered inside of chicago club. i mean, this is the kind of stuff they're doing, putting women and if children and the citizens of these cities in really grave danger. such a sad story. it really makes mothers across the country -- i know this wasn't a student, but she was dragged into a university are. so anyway, thank you so much, tom. really appreciate it. >> thank for having me. rachel: you got it. this election season bringing up ronald reagan's age old questio- >> are you better off than you were four years ago? is it easier for you to go and buy things in the stores than it was four years ago? rachel: deja vu have. a new poll revealing most voters reason are. we're going to talk to a personal finance expert next. can neuriva support your brain health? mary, janet, hey!! 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[laughter] >> well, we're not. hi, joey. good morning, happy east. that's the problem. that that's why 64 of americans right now say we're on the wrong with track. there's this angst about the economy, you know, for a variety of reasons but principally because of what i call a breakfast recession. when your box of mini wheats is costing $6, the average a american family is saying, man, this is tough stuff, right? we've had now almost three years of inflation at 3 or better each month, and -- 3% or better. that was supposed to be the temporary. and so easy to understand why americans are feeling a bit roughed-up this morning. joey: you know, i don't have a lot of historical knowledge where that number was, say, six years ago or eight years ago. i'd is have to imagine it was nowhere near what it is now, but you say the cost of living has increased 20% since 2020? >> yeah. the cost of living overall is about 20% -- [no audio] joey: all right, i think, i think we've lost dan there. have some communication problems. we'll see if we can get him back. and, you know, just to end this topic, our polls show that over half of americans say that they are worse off. so hopefully we can get dan back on and talk about that. as ronald reagan said, are you better off than you were a few years ago. all right? we'll be back, we'll be back in just a second. oh, here we go. turning to this -- only at vanguard, you're more than just an investor, you're an owner. our financial planning tools and advice can help you prepare for today's longer retirement. hi mom. that's the value of ownership. look who saved slider sunday again! here we go... 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pete: how many more? joining us now are two nypd widows, diane who lost her husband, officer joseph, in an ambush in 1971, and lisa who lost her husband, sergeant paul, in a a shootout in 2016. diane, least a saw, thank you both -- lisa, thank you both for joining us this morning. i've got to believe hearing those words brings back stark feelings that you've had. and, diane, i know it was many years ago for you, but it doesn't change the reality of what you face. before we get into the policy, what's your message the stephanie? if how does someone deal with a moment like this? >> this is a very, very hard moment that she'll never get over. you will raise your children, you will raise your little boy, you will go on with life or but you will never forget this incident that happened. she -- [audio difficulty] little ryan will miss his father. he will never get to grow up and to know him. all these years -- [audio difficulty] just a little bit -- pete: no doubt. diane, we're losing your audio a little bit. hopefully, it'll come back in a moment. lisa, let me go to you. your husband, paul, was killed seven years ago, i believe it was seven years ago. you heard the message of what stephanie if said. she said, you know, if anyone had listened two years ago a, my husband would be alive. i'm sure you'd say same thing if anyone had listened seven years ago. talk to -- it's got to feel like a helpless situation. wives keep saying there's more we can do, and politicians aren't listening. >> absolutely. my husband was killed seven years ago. it was well before a lot of the new policies and bills that have been put into place more recently. my husband was arrested -- excuse me. my goodness. my husband's perp was arrested 11 times before my husband was killed. as a stephanie if said, her or perp that killed her husband was arrested 21 times, and something's got to stop. this is not a one-person problem, this is a unified problem, and we need a unified front to fix this problem from the ground up. pete: how can that happen, lisa? just from your per speghtive, i mean, someone like mayor adams was there, he said all the right things, but if you look at the timeline, he was there two with years ago. he's been there the entire time frame when stephanie was calling for changes that don't release violent criminals back onto the streets. how does this change? >> it doesn't, unfortunately. actions speak louder than words, and we've seen the actions. so we know where we stand. we know that a change needs to be made, and it needs to go well beyond our local officials, and it needs to be taken up federally. and even federally that is a national problem. peopler communities -- people, communities, departments are feeling this across the country. this is not just a new york city problem. pete: no doubt. i mean, when you've got a party led by calls for defunding the police, you get this type of response. diane, i would, i'd love try your audio again. hopefully, we're good to go. what would your message be to leadership? >> i would say that the democratic, progressive policies that we now have in this state, the prisoners, criminals being let out of jail that get arrested and are put through a revolving door, mayor adams was a part of the police department, and yet he does not support the police officers. the changes need to come with the prosecutors and with the judges. they need to start enforcing the laws that are on the books. you do the crime, you do the time. that's as it should be. not this reinvolving door, no bail -- revolving door, no bail and out. this man was a convicted felon. he was convicted and he was on the streets. this should never, ever have happened. pete: lisa, well said. excuse me, dye yarning well said. lisa, do you think mayor adams sports the police the way -- supports the police the way he shouldsome. >> i think there's a lot more to be done. like i said, actions speak louder than words, and this is not a one-person problem, nor is it a one-person solution. it is not not one person's blame, but this is a historical problem that our city has had. for quite some time through past administrations, if we need to go in a different can direction because the direction we're going in right now is not acceptable, and it's not going to stop. it's not going to change and actually fix our problem. we need to rip the band with-aid off and get down to the root of the problem and start there to make change. pete: start with criminals being criminals and actually locking them up and keeping them in jail or deporting them when they commit these crimes, working with federal law enforcement to get rid of lawbreakers would be a place to start. i can't imagine -- by the way, lisa is, real quick, i asked the same to diane, but i want to get your thoughts, what would you say to stephanie today if she was watching? >> for me, i had many nypd widows and not only nypd widows, but widows from around the country, survivors from around the country that put their arms around me when my paul was killed. and that is the same thing that we are going to do for stephanie. and it really is truly not only a lock support -- a local support network that he has just acquired -- she has just acquired, but she does have a national support isn't, you know? concerns of police survivors, which is a national organization that puts on police week in washington, d.c. each year with the finishing op -- fop is a national organization that supports not only spouses, but children, siblings, parents, coworkers, and their main purpose is to rebuild shattered lives. and so for me and my message to stephanie is that she's going to be okay. the pain will never go away, the love, the heart ache will never go away, but she does have a tremendous support system that is now going to surround her or and ryan and her extended family for the rest of their lives. pete: well, amen. diane, thank you for joining us, and we remember joseph today. lisa, likewise, we remember paul and their service to the city and the country. certainly we're thinking of stephanie today. god with bless. thank you both for your time. >> thank you. >> thank you. pete: joey, you've got some headlines nurse. joey: yeah, thanks, pete. crews removing the first section of steel from the collapsed francis scott key bridge yesterday. officials say they were working on the north side of the bridge. the port of of baltimore if remains blocked as seven cranes work to remove pieces of the bridge. the collapse after a cargo ship lost power and rammed into a beam tuesday. six construction workers were killed and four remain missing. >>> a at&t now confirming 73 million current and former customers' can accounts were leaked on the dark can web earlier this month. system of the information includes customer social security numbers, phone numbers and mailing addresses from 2019 or earlier. at&t is reaching out to customers who were affected. the cause of the leak is still unclear. >>> and the powerball jackpot soaring to $. >> 975 million -- to $9775 million after -- 975 million after no one won with. 12, 13, 33, 50, 52 and a red powerball of 23. you have another shot at the jackpot tomorrow night. and those are your headlines. i may have to, may have to buy a lottery ticket, i don't know. let's check in with meteorologist adam cost for our fox weather forecast. adam: hey, good morning, joe with by. you're not alone, i'm also going to be picking up a powerball ticket. otherwise we're kind of winning the lottery out here today. easter sunday, spring is in the air. really gorgeous weather at least on fox square. let's look at the temperatures to begin with where it is relatively mild up and down the east coast. still a couple of wintry spots across the northern tier, 39 in chicagoe showers across the midwest, ohio, illinois and michigan, that will only become fuller as the day goes on. you run a little farther west, and there are some snowstorms at some of the high or elevations. there is the some weather to be aware of on in this easter sunday. this is what it hooks like across the country. the most beautiful spot across the south and southeast, temperatures into the upper 70s, close to 80 degrees here on this easter sunday. those are your weather headline s. for now, joey, i'm position it back inside to you. joey: thanks, adam. all right. we all know an easter basket isn't complete without that chocolate bunny rabbit, so we're making and decorating our own. check it out. ♪ ♪ file 100% free with turbotax free edition. roughly 37% of taxpayers qualify... form 1040 and limited credits only... see how at turbotax.com... that's me! ♪ ♪ ♪ we all need fiber for our digestive health, but less than 10% of us get enough each day. good thing metamucil gummies are an eas

chicago politics, illinois politics were pretty much everybody gets rich chicago politics. it's like go into a paper. when you go fishing, like give, you are as the curator, you can not be in illinois and not get something illinois steeped in a rich history of political corruption that dates back a century to the prohibition era, when bootlegging gangster such as al capone bought off politicians and police departments, keeping them drunk on power and also just drunk and rides lifetime illinois has developed a rap sheet that any mobster would be proud of >> more than >> 1,700 convictions for corruption, including nearly 30 chicago alderman, eight state legislators to us congressmen. and before rod came onto the scene, three governors in an odd way, the very people who should hate the idea of corruption or kind of proud that this is al capone is illinois chicago is a wink and nod town it's a shot and a beer town >> a lot of it has to do with family relationships because a lot of the political leadership in chicago in illinois, our family unrelated. there's the daily family madigan all of these families sort of become part of this mafia. a political mafia, and they're the ones who make the rules i didn't come from that. i had to marry into it. i met a girl 6 march 1988. she was wearing a red dress and she happened to be the daughter of a old-fashion in chicago political ward boss. and she's my wife, patti and fell in love >> patty will go evich is a loyal wife. she is a tough customer and she's the daughter of dick male. she's complicated >> that budding relationship between those two is how rod goes from this. n

chicago studio, the mingled instruments and voices of the world plan into a global seems meaning the, the chicago immigrant orchestra is a rotating country, is up to 30 musicians, playing a unique blend of world music that combines persian vocals the mongolian, through the end instruments from around the world and each composition from a chinese rewan to and fro peruvian percussion, uniting sound in society. music is a ard, the $0.10 boarders, and it's, it's $0.10 pressure. this is and, and, and stereotypes and it's, it's, it's something that everybody can kind of experience collectively when he subaru are the groups, palestinian american co director plays the bazooka place in between notes that are not on the books. ok. or on the piano or on the guitar. if this style is hard to pinpoint, the music is from no single place, the instruments of the world together through the universal language of using co director for read hon. the chicago born son of a truly and mother and a pakistani father says instruments never played together before combined seamlessly more so he says than the nations they come from. one of the things about this group is we get along so well. and you would assume that they would be a lot of friction culturally, you know, but there isn't at all. it's more than music is nigerian american senior says it's an example for the city in the world. i think it's hope for a better, more unified world. right now, especially in chicago, it's a very segregated city. and so i think that is, it represents what life could be if we actually accept one another from each other as our immigrant experience, the, from the rehearsal studio, to the concert hall. the immigrant orchestra is a tapestry of global sales in the mid of, for, for the as the well plunged into a climate disaster. we are in planetary class. this year. a new 8 pub series exposes the reality of the global emergency. there will come a time where no amou

chicago tied it with less than 50 seconds to go in the third. then they score less than 20 seconds into overtime for the victory. chicago beat san jose 5-4.e first time in franchise history the sharks have led by four goals and lost. >> it's tough when it happens. yeah, it's not good. i mean, it's tough. you got momentum there, and now we have to stick to our plan and don't panic. >>> down the street, the san jose earthquakes earned their first one of the year. jeremy delivers the game winner in the 82nd minute. san jose is on the road in houston next saturday. >>> and to the box. coming in, goal! >> heartbreak for bay fc. washington scores the winning goal with 30 seconds remaining in stoppage time. the spirit win it 2-1. it's bay fc's loss in franchise history. that's a look at sports. i'm anthony flores for "today in the bay." >> anthony, thanks. still to come on "today in the bay," taking action to stop deaths of innocent children. one local lawmaker introducing a bill aimed at saving the lives of the youngest victims being exposed to fentanyl. >>> plus, a deadly mountain lion attack. we look at how rare this is and the last time an e

chicago is making sure it's river is colored in a appropriate way. both launched by the journeymen plumbers union dumped green dye into the chicago river saturday morning. this is always an exciting annual tradition to see. it dates back to the early 1960s. the union both initially released an orange concoction that you may think was a mistake, but once it sets in, the color turns a lucky green. people were wearing green to check out the moment and the festivities continued with their st. patrick's day parade downtown. >>> 6:17, on the sunday morning. coming up, a stadium that just opened up for soccer matches and is unlike any other in the world. we explain what is site in kansas city is making history. >>> ahead in sports, a wildly entertaining day in college hoops ahead of selection sunday. the best storylines from championship saturday. steph was back for the dubs and he helped say, good night to the lakers. >>> how do i pick my brackets, it is random. throw a dart. and hope for the best. >> arizona state. >> close your eyes and point. i am putting my money on reed. i don't know what i'm doing and then, masterfully puts together the perfect bracket. >> >>> the warriors are not big fans of los angeles. not even the clippers are lakers, necessarily. the town. the dubs have lost 11 straight games in hollywood dating back to october, 2021. saturday . steph started slow before kicking into high gear. the lakers star anthony davis got hit in the eye in the first quarter and he did not return. warriors trailed by six early when klay thompson got rolling. he came off the bench and scored 21 office 26 points , in the first half. the draymond green dished out 13 this is. in the third quarter, it was steph curry. he scored 13 in the corridor alone. the dubs stretch the lead to nine. you have to like it, even j-lo was all in . fourth quarter, lebron in the lakers would not go away. james for the three-point play. he finished with 40. bad bunny will drink to that one. but with davis out, the dubs able to get to the rim , much clearer. underneath, pushes the lead to six and then steph return the favor with the past to draymond. steph led the way with 31. warriors beat the lakers 128-121, to finally end their l.a. losing streak. more importantly the win puts the warriors and lakers in a tie for ninth in the western conference. both teams are trying to climb to six so they can avoid the playing games. golden state is back for three straight at home this week starting with the knicks on monday. >>> we are less than 24 hours away from selection sunday for the ncaa tournament. st. mary's already knows they are headed to the big dance but where are they going? >> we are a bunch of tough dudes. now it feels like a bad dream. >> the biggest stage there is in college basketball. everybody is watching everybody , filling up the brackets. >> oregon took home the final pac-12 tournament trophy. the ducks big man , picked a good time to have the best game of his career. a perfect 12 from 12 for the field, and 25 points. oregon be colorado. they punch their ticket to the tournament. >> in spring training matt williams back in the orange and black the season. pablo sandoval was used as a pinch runner. i'm not sure we have seen that before. and there is the new guy , matt chapman connected for his first home run of the spring. the giants be the guardian 6-0. opening day is less than two weeks away. >>> we have the third round of the players championship. peter living on the edge on the island green at sawgrass. xander sharply was the story. starting four shots behind but he rolled in a long birdie putt on 14 to take the outright leave . xander shot a 65 and he is 17 under any now leads clark by one, headed into sunday's final-round. >>> to the nfl. the 49ers re-sign a guard to a one-year deal on friday. he posted it was the best day because he got a new contract and he found out he no longer has to deal with rams star aaron donald was a year because he announced his retirement on friday. brock purdy will sleep better. former bears gunslinger justin fields is headed to pittsburg. likely to back up the newly signed russell wilson. chicagoraded him after only three seasons because they are expected to take caleb williams with the number one pick in the draft next month. >>> to college basketball. long beach state, head coach dan munson was fired on monday but, he wanted to finish out the season. his 49ers went on the run to win the big west tournament and maybe uc davis in the championship game. that means they are going to the big dance for the first time since 2012 and he gets to keep coaching, despite already knowing he is not coming back next year. >>> huge selection sunday. we got two hours a coverage on kpix starting at 3:00 p.m. we will see you them. >>> the midwest is making waves in the sports world. the kansas city current kicked off it season saturday by making history with its new stadium. the national women's soccer league team hosted the portland the ones at the world's first sports stadium dedicated to a women's professional sport. the stadium sits right on the berkeley riverfront in kansas city. construc

into swing states like massachusetts and minnesota. you know, democrats strategist james caravelle said he's afraid of 1968 chicago democrat convention riots. democrats are gone to hold their convention in chicagohat's the op ed from james caravelle. we want your reaction to this. watch. >> the problem of course with biden is we all know it is he's got a huge issue to overcome in terms of his age. this is a big obstacle that they're faced with, and they have to deal with it. elizabeth: so, that's the full issue. what are you expecting tonight, sir, what it comes to that? >> well, the bar is so low for joe biden is all he has to do is somehow mumble his speech and it's going to be definitive success by the mainstream media. i believe his biggest problems are the policies and the fact that he's lied to the american people about his knowledge of and participation in the family's influence peddling schemes. joe biden has a huge problem. the problem the democrats have quite frankly, liz, is he's their best candidate and their best candidate is flawed, and i think this will be a good election this november for the republicans and republicans are motivated and we're going to turn out and we're going t

chicago and a particular neighborhood within the city, the slaughterhouse section of chicago and look at the ways this largely catholic neighborhood nonetheless was home to ethnic divisions the remained strong well into the 1930s. we saw already how certain church leaders tried to overcome these divisions by making everybody the same, by getting rid of ethnicity by participating in the school system. that wasn't going to work, chicago's ethnic ties were very strong but we will see in the late nineteenth century to the 1930s a new kind of politics that was rooted in the practical concerns of nrcs but was able to move beyond them and form a principled language of justice. never going into the moralism of the protestant reform, the broader linkage of justice and the principles of justice that was needed in response to the greatest economic challenge facing the city, the great depression that didn't seem to end, didn't follow the cycle of previous ones and called for something more than a type of direct material nrcs was able to provide. patrick murphy has worked for over 40 years in saint louis television, both on air and as a six time emmy winning producer of documentaries and musical variety shows. for the past 24 years, he's emceed the saint louis speaker series at powell hall. and he's also a working artist producing woodcut prints that are on display in several saint louis galleries. he's the author of candyman the

chicago. look at chicago. the other is the restorative justice constituency, where you restored the criminals back into the communities they have been praying on for years. and also restore children that are violent. this is a program of obama that caused at least two of these school shootings. where they kept putting these violent children with mental health issues and kept placing them back restoring them to the classroom. these are the three constituencies that are mainly responsible for this crime wave. people need to wake up. it is the point of idiocy at this point. host: montclair, virginia, good money. caller: i want to tell white democrats to shut up thinking you can talk for black people. you need to talk for white people. my top story are white men -- white women getting hit in the face because the white kids getting jumped on in school because they are white. you will always, you white liberals always want to speak up for somebody else. that is the reason why the washington redskins are not the redskins anymore, because of white people thinking they can speak up for everybody. shut up. host: maria, carmel, new york. go ahead. caller: yes, my top story would be the fact that i am an older woman, 74 years old. i live in upstate new york, and i used to love to go down to the city, i used to love to go with my friends. i used to go to shows. what concerns me is the fact i am petrified -- and so are my friends -- to come down to the city. i am a white woman and i don't understand, and i really don't think this is true, but i have heard a man you had on before saying that now they don't believe what they hear on the news, that these news stories are not true, that may be the police officer was not shot, it was maybe friendly fire. we have such contradiction in the news up here, but my fear is that, why are these criminals -- is it true that these criminals are being laid out after they have been arrested and are 15 times? my top story is the fact that, why this fear? our mayor gets on and says these are random acts. that there is not enough police, that the police are creating -- are quitting. how can they be random acts? there are so many of them, and do we believe the news? are they really happening? i don't understand and i want to know what we can do to take this fear away of us going to the city and looking behind our backs all the time to see, is somebody going to punch us? can we enjoy the city we used to love years ago, to go down and have dinner, to go to a show? this is a beautiful city, new york, and i haven't been there in, like, five years. because i'm afraid. that is my only concern at this point right now, because it affects me personally. i have to say, a lot of other things i cannot affect, but this is what affects me, i grandkids, my children. and that is the only thing i have to say. host: all right, maria. let's go to the line for democrats. vinson in missouri. vinson, are you there? caller: yes, ma'am. i'm here. i was thinking of the guy earlier when he was talking about that barge, and i think that that was done on purpose. i follow the stock market. and i noticed all of the major companies selling they stocks. when i saw that barge hit that bridge i was thinking, what is in those container ships? are they holding a lot of merchandise these guys are going to sell off? like in the stock market crash in 2008, or exxon, where there was doing the pump and downs and then selling all stocks and telling everybody's 401(k)'s and retirement plans, and businesses that depended on those companies. just like when they built that loyal barge in iran -- not iran, but india. why would you do that if they are not going to be able to maintain that facility? now that is sitting over in the air, vacant, not eating used and rusted over. when i see this barge with all of this stuff my first thought -- the first topic comes to mind is, what is inside those container ships? i know all kind of stuff goes through those ships, but i know they hold a lot of merchandise. i just feel like they are in the middle of a pump and dump ponzi scheme where they are going to cash out all of their stocks and leave the little guy to be poor. it starts watching these billionaires do whatever they want. they are more powerful will be government with the kind of money they've got, and resources. i feel like they did have the resources to put something like this together. just like the conspiracy behind the towers. host: all right, benson. this is in the washington post, about the economic impact. you can see here a picture of the wreckage site. it says, harbor remains blocked. poor workers feel -- fear impact on their lives. layoffs may be imminent as nearly 8000 have jobs tied to the docks. maryland has received an initial payment of $60 million for early cleanup of the collapse from the federal government. joseph in raymond, mississippi, independent line. good morning. caller: good morning, mimi. my biggest concern from this week was the border crisis. the senate passed a bill concerning the crisis, from president trump, for the house not to pass it, and they agreed to it. now they are blaming president biden for not having concerns for the border crisis. they say it is a border crisis, but the use it as a political tool. thank you. host: just to clarify, the senate did not take it up at all, but it was a bipartisan deal that was negotiated. and josh in great falls, virginia. republican. caller: good morning, mimi, and thanks for this conversation. i think the story of the week that has not been covered in detail, other than people like you and amy goodman, is that we are sending -- rewarding israel with billions of dollars this week, despite the fact that the majority of the american population is opposed to the genocide. rather than docking payment, we are rewarding them. our infrastructure is falling apart while children are being murdered in a genocide. it is a departure from international law, as we have seen at the united nations, where it is a binding resolution under international law. the administration is trying to have both sides of the story so they can appease the pro-israeli lobby and if i the american public and international law. these children are dying as we speak, right now. probably another 100 palestinians, mostly civilians, have been killed. this story needs to be told, and thank god for c-span and others who have the nerve to do that, because we are losing at all levels as americans. host: i want to show you a poll from gallup. you are talking about public opinion. it says, majority in u.s. now disapprove of israeli action in gaza. here are the numbers. this is the question asked. do you approve or disapprove of the military actions israel has taken in gaza? here you can see the comparison between november 2023, a month after the october attacks, to, most recently, march 2024. the approval has dropped down to 36%. disapproval has gone up from 45% to 55% in march. interestingly, no opinion has also gone up to 9%. jean in cedar rapids, iowa. independent. caller: hi. there were so many subjects that were touched on. one, i really think that all of us americans need to look at the big picture of what is going on. our border is really bad, but with the children, it seems apparent to me that before the border happened there was 86% of the kids that were rescued from a sex trafficking king, from some kind of interaction with foster care. and now we have all of these immigrant children that are missing, don't even want to touch base or talk about it, our government. i started looking into a couple of things, and the nationality of a lot of people in our government, people should really look at. the fact that we are pushing so hard for this genocide in palestine. it is ridiculous. it goes against all of our morals and standards. if we can take care of our own border, what are we doing out here -- can't take care of our own border, what are we doing out here funding this checkup we have millions of illegal immigrants that have come in here -- and i'm not saying they shouldn't be able to -- but, do it legally. for some time now they have all been young males, all physically fit, and don't really like they are wanting to do nothing but harm. here in iowa, we were at the bus station and we watched a white 17-year-old kid get beat down. you couldn't even recognize the kid's face. from immigrant people. if we think we are not going to be in trouble, you have another thing coming. seriously, look up nationality of most of the government officials. they are not american. host: glenn in valley center, kansas. morning. caller: good morning. thanks for taking my call. two things. one is the audacity of governor hochul and letitia james, asking to speak at this man's funeral today. it is a travesty. the second thing is, in israel, you know, this is god's chosen people. and he gave them this land thousands of years ago, and why the arabs seem to think they can wipe it out is beyond belief. everybody is hollering about the children getting killed over there, but what about all of the babies that are being killed in this country through abortion? we don't hear any backlash on that. host: about the war in gaza, here is a politico article that says the dod is in early talks to find a peacekeeping force in gaza. u.s. officials has been that have been clear the plan would not include american boots on the ground. you can read that at politico if you are interested. beverly is calling from madison, alabama. independent. caller: i want to talk a little bit about the illegal immigrants coming in. i am a nurse myself. some of the diseases we are seeing in this country probably is going to lead to another pandemic. the measles, tuberculosis -- especially tuberculosis. polio. things we have eradicated in this country years and years ago is prevalent again because of people coming in that is probably not vaccinated, not screen for it at the border -- screen for it at the border, and then let loose in society. and they don't follow up with health care. host: how are those vaccination rates here among permanent residents and citizens? you mentioned measles, and aimed -- and i understand there has been hesitancy from parents, on their kids getting measles vaccines. caller: there is some hesitancy, but for the majority of people, i don't know the records or anything like that, national to statistics -- national statistics. measles, to me growing up they were more prevalent in the 1960's, the 1970's. but with vaccinations they had gone down from being in nursing school we learned that. if people coming in, there is no -- i mean, even if they are not coming in sick from leaving their countries, doing these long road trips that they make through the jungles, and you know they are bringing in fears. the children don't get health care. this is a spreading, and that is what is causing, probably, a lot of these diseases. it is worrisome to me because something has to be done at the border. that is only one thing about the border, you know, for safety reasons. there needs to be some checks and balances but people getting vaccinated at the border when they come in. or just let loose in society and they probably don't have money. and all of the funds are being taken up in schools. i've been in schools sometimes, and all of the funding, or i am live they are building new schools for the people coming in. not immigrants so much, but they don't have the money to do anything and help public health because all of these immigrants they are putting up in hotels, they are moving them around from place to place in this country. and it takes money from the government that could be used for our own children. i have a hard time with that. i really do. i mean, we should allow legal citizenship for people that come in, but this is way out of hand. host: got it, beverly. that is going to be our last call for this segment. we will have more time later for open forum. coming up next on "washington journal," lisel petis at the r street institute joins us to discuss the state of pretrial justice and bail reform across the u.s. and later, ipsos public affairs president cliff young discusses attitudes toward candidates and top issues. ♪ >> american history tv, exploring the history and events that tell the american story. elizabeth aaron talks about confederate general james long street and reconstruction after the civil war and became an outcast in the south. congress investigates looks at historic congressional investigations that led to changes in policy and law. this weekend the special 1912 senate committee investigation into the sinking of the titanic. 82 witnesses testified about ice warnings were ignored, the inadequate lifeboats, and the treatment of different classes of passengers. on the presidency, presidential descendants gathered in key west, florida to reflect on how their ancestors asserted political influence. here from descendants of william mckinley, william howard taft, harry truman, dwight eisenhower and jimmy carter. explore the american story. watch american history tv every weekend and find the full schedule or watch online anytime at c-span.org/history. >> c-span has been delivering unfiltered congressional coverage for 45 years. here's a highlight from the key moment. >> the space program has been a marvelous program for america to expand its knowledge, its horizons. it will continue to be so in the future. as long as man has the thirst for knowledge we will continue to press outward. in the process there is risk. that risk is taken by each one of us every day and that risk is understood by all the members of the crew that climb into a loaded spaceship. >> c-span, powered by cable. >> washington journal continues. host: welcome back to washington journal. we are joined to talk about the bail system and reforms to the bail system with lisel petis, resident senior fellow of criminal justice at the r street institute. welcome to the program. guest: thanks for having me. host: tell us about the r street institute and how you are funded and if you have a political plant. guest: r street institute is a nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank. we focus on free markets and limited effective government. we are working with key stakeholders in the criminal justice system. we are funded by a variety of philanthropic foundations, organizations and individuals that support the work we do. host: explain to us how the pretrial system works in the purpose of bail. guest: it's hard to say how it works because it works differently across the country. every state has a different pretrial system and different pretrial laws. ugh -- if someone commits an offense, they'll comes in if the person is arrested. they essentially come into the system. a bail amount may be set. in some states there will be a determination if the person gets bail at all or if they will be held in custody. if the going to be released they are conditions. it's often a cash bail or conditions such as house arrest, supervision, drug testing. once the person is out then they have to abide by the rules. they have to show up for court. they can't commit offenses. they have to live by the conditions imposed. if they have been successful. if not they can get rearrested and put back into jail. it works differently across the states. host: how was the decision made to set bond? is there certain criteria a judge goes through? how does that work? guest: a judge will generally be focused on two main areas, public safety and whether or not some people appear back in court. i should say not every state evaluates both of those. new york does not actually consider somebody's danger. only appearing back in court. those of the two main considerations. after that generally the state laws are going to give a laundry list of factors to be considered. it could be the level of offense, prior criminal history. it could be cash. they will evaluate those and looking at how those play into other -- whether or not some it is a flight or safety risk. host: what are the issues you think need reforming in the bail bond system? guest: the biggest issue is the cash bail system. it's at both ends of the spectrum. at one end you have individuals accused of lower level offenses. maybe driving under restraint, simple theft, things of that nature that are low risk and likely to show up for court. they are law-abiding but they can't afford low-levels of bail amounts. you look at a place like michigan who had a report saying that 38% of their pretrial detainees are being held on a bail amount of less than $2500. when working with a bail bondsman usually pay 10% of that. people are being held on $250 at the end of the day. that's the one issue. are we best using resources by having people staying in jail for these low-level offenses that are low risk? on the other end you have individuals who may have committed very serious crimes. they may be high risk for fleeing or a danger to the community. yet if they have the financial means, if you set a high cash bail amount they can still pay their way out. that is more being determined on wealth versus a risk to society. i would say that is the number one issue with the cash bail system. proponents of bail reform will point to more long-term unintended consequences. often times we think about pretrial detention in that moment after the arrest and somebody's being detained. research has shown when individuals are arrested even for one day or two that can start to create this succession. someone might lose a job. they might lose housing. they could have the custody of their children challenged. when those things start happening it creates a higher likelihood of reoffending in the future. it can compromise public safety on the backend. we are not talking about violent felonies. that's a concern for a lot of proponents of bail reform. host: we will take your calls for the next 35 minutes with our guest lisel petis on the bail system. we are dividing the lines by region. in the eastern or central time zones, call us at (202) 748-8000 . not nor pacific, (202) 748-8001 -- mountain or pacific, (202) 748-8001. we have a line if you have experience with the bail system. call us on (202) 748-8002. you can also use our line for texting and our social media lines. can you give us a bit of an idea of the history of the bail system? where did it come from? for what purpose? around when did it start? guest: the bail system has been around for centuries. we are talking about before america. back when we are looking in europe. it was a way to work within the judicial system to make sure people were being held accountable. people were showing up to court and facing the charges against them. public safety became a concern as well. that was not an original piece of the system but it's become very prominent now. the idea is when we came to america under our constitution we had certain rights. one is the presumption of innocence. we don't just want to lock up everybody accused of a crime. we want a lot of people who are maybe not showing up to face those charges or potentially locking of people who may be a safety risk for the community. the vast majority people actually show up for court enter law-abiding. those individuals have a presumption of innocence. we don't know if they are guilty of the crime they are accused of. it is not a great use of taxpayer money to be holding them in jail if they're coming into court anyway and they're going to be staying law-abiding. as we progressed forward we have started to see cash bail being used. fairly early on cash came into play about whether or not they could eventually pay to get out. if somebody had skin of the game they would show back up for court because they want that money back. early in the 1900s we started to see bail bonds come out. that is when they became more prominent. the veil bondsman is someone who will pay the cash bail amount for somebody to be released. in return the defendant will pay generally between 10% to 50% of the bond amount, a nonrefundable bond amount. the bail bondsman gets to keep the money and a surety for the rest of the amount the court. host: but they have to show up though. guest: if they show up. a lot of times the court will wait to see whether or not the person shows up. often times the bail amount -- the vast majority do show for court. the amount to the bail bondsman is not refunded. host: so they keep that is profit. guest: right. host: i want to let people know your report on this is called tools for safe and smart bail system changes. people can take a look at that if they would like. critics of bail reform say it's going to increase crime, increase violent crime. is there any evidence that shows the relationship between bail reform and violent crime? guest: there evidence -- there is no evidence that shows it causes violent crime. this concern comes up a lot so it's worth addressing where the concern comes from. we see a lot of cases in the media where 70 has gotten -- somebody else got out on relief and tragedy happened. there was one in the news this week. what's important to remember is that bail reform looks very different state to state. it's very hard to attack that because there is no one bail reform effort. what has been done in new jersey looks very different from what has been done in new york which is different from illinois. we have to look at the very specific local level at what is happening. i will give an example. in new york, bail reform had a couple of things. it's important to mention that new york does not consider dangerousness and their bail. that is very different. most every other state does. new york does not. host: why is that? that seems odd. wouldn't it be the most important thing? guest: the original purpose of bail is to have people show up for court. that is new york's main consideration when they do bail determination. a lot of states have prioritized public safety. actually see that as the primary concern of public safety. not every state has done that. the other things new york has done, and has been amended but requiring certain people to be out on release. some bail reform is a production -- presumption of release. your f -- new york has a long list of crimes it has mandatory release. you have to compare that to something like new jersey. new jersey had a very different approach to bail reform. their approach was not only -- essentially getting rid of cash bail for most offenses. it also greatly expanded preventative detention. preventative detention means somebody does not have a right to release. they would just remain in jail rather than be released. they had a robust pretrial services program put in place at the same time. very different efforts and laws. it is hard to compare bail reform in general and the rising crime. as of now i'm not aware of any studies that show there is a direct relation between bail reform and a rising crime. -- rise in crime. host: new york and new jersey have very different views on pretrial the tension and release. what are the different crime rates? is that a fair comparison to see which method is better? guest: i think it is worth looking at the crime rates. i think a better method is looking at whether or not the people being released from jail are showing up for court and staying law-abiding. crime rates can be affected by so many things. we saw a huge spike in crime after the closures from covid, after the murder of george floyd. those are external kind of things that are impacting the criminal justice system. it is hard to use that is one indicator of success . i think it is something to be looked at. new jersey did in fact and has continued to see the people they have released in their system do continue to show up for court. they have had very low levels of people getting out after serious offenses. they had a decrease in crime overall since bail reform. i think those are indicators to show whether or not there has been success. new york has had different studies come out about whether or not there has been success or not. it's very nuanced. a lot has happened in the criminal justice space in the last couple of years. host: we will take your calls for our guest lisel petis on our lines by region. eastern or central time zones, (202) 748-8000. mountain and pacific, (202) 748-8001. if you have had experience with the bail system, (202) 748-8002. before we go to the phones i want to ask about this article about illinois from cbs. illinois becomes the first day to end cash bail. the article was in september of last year. i am wondering once they have ended cash bail what impact has that hat? guest: -- that had? guest: what illinois did his groundbreaking. we have had a lot of other states and municipalities really pull back on cash bail. illinois is the first place that has full long eliminated cash bail. at the same time they did that they did expand the list, like new jersey did, offenses that can be preventative lee detained. in the state of illinois the options are you will be detained or released. if released, the conditions cannot be monetary. you are getting out. it's a matter of what conditions are in there as well. we are about six months out from the implementation of the pretrial fairness act which illuminates bail -- eliminates cash bail. people are seeing how impactful it has been. there are studies that it has reduced the jail population, which was one of the goals or anticipated outcomes of this. we are waiting to see the full data on whether or not primaries have changed or if the people being released are showing up for court and staying law-abiding. the one thing we know is a lot of critics of pretrial fairness were concerned about the purge happening after it wasn't limited, meaning people would go out commit all the crimes and think there is no consequences. that definitely did not happen. it seems most of the key stakeholders and professionals in the system may want some tweaks with what is going on but many think it is going ok. there is not a severe outcome from it. host: robert is a first from silver spring, maryland. good morning. caller: it seems like a lot of our large cities are actually experiencing a purge. the chicago who was released this weekend and murdered a child within 24 hours. the new york punching rampage where the people are not even being arrested. in d.c. this week a dispensary worker was murdered after complying and giving up the products. we had 12 people who killed a homeless man. people walking around on the street with semi all medic rifles -- semi automatic rifles. none of these people arrested. the complete acceptance of crime, it has to stop. we have to go back to law and order. it's really insulting to the people that are following the laws. basically that's my comment and that is why i will be supporting trump in the fall. host: lisel. guest: the first thing we need to remember is that have been absolutely tragic cases out there. i could not hear all the examples but somewhere released on parole which means they were convicted of a crime and released from a prison sentence. the discussion will have to be for a different day. certainly tragedies and people are released on bail

chicago. look at chicago. the other is the restorative justice constituency, where you restored the criminals back into the communities they have been praying on for years. and also restore children that are violent. this is a program of obama that caused at least two of these school shootings. where they kept putting these violent children with mental health issues and kept placing them back restoring them to the classroom. these are the three constituencies that are mainly responsible for this crime wave. people need to wake up. it is the point of idiocy at this point. host: montclair, virginia, good money. caller: i want to tell white democrats to shut up thinking you can talk for black people. you need to talk for white people. my top story are white men -- white women getting hit in the face because the white kids getting jumped on in school because they are white. you will always, you white liberals always want to speak up for somebody else. that is the reason why the washington redskins are not the redskins anymore, because of white people thinking they can speak up for everybody. shut up. host: maria, carmel, new york. go ahead. caller: yes, my top story would be the fact that i am an older woman, 74 years old. i live in upstate new york, and i used to love to go down to the city, i used to love to go with my friends. i used to go to shows. what concerns me is the fact i am petrified -- and so are my friends -- to come down to the city. i am a white woman and i don't understand, and i really don't think this is true, but i have heard a man you had on before saying that now they don't believe what they hear on the news, that these news stories are not true, that may be the police officer was not shot, it was maybe friendly fire. we have such contradiction in the news up here, but my fear is that, why are these criminals -- is it true that these criminals are being laid out after they have been arrested and are 15 times? my top story is the fact that, why this fear? our mayor gets on and says these are random acts. that there is not enough police, that the police are creating -- are quitting. how can they be random acts? there are so many of them, and do we believe the news? are they really happening? i don't understand and i want to know what we can do to take this fear away of us going to the city and looking behind our backs all the time to see, is somebody going to punch us? can we enjoy the city we used to love years ago, to go down and have dinner, to go to a show? this is a beautiful city, new york, and i haven't been there in, like, five years. because i'm afraid. that is my only concern at this point right now, because it affects me personally. i have to say, a lot of other things i cannot affect, but this is what affects me, i grandkids, my children. and that is the only thing i have to say. host: all right, maria. let's go to the line for democrats. vinson in missouri. vinson, are you there? caller: yes, ma'am. i'm here. i was thinking of the guy earlier when he was talking about that barge, and i think that that was done on purpose. i follow the stock market. and i noticed all of the major companies selling they stocks. when i saw that barge hit that bridge i was thinking, what is in those container ships? are they holding a lot of merchandise these guys are going to sell off? like in the stock market crash in 2008, or exxon, where there was doing the pump and downs and then selling all stocks and telling everybody's 401(k)'s and retirement plans, and businesses that depended on those companies. just like when they built that loyal barge in iran -- not iran, but india. why would you do that if they are not going to be able to maintain that facility? now that is sitting over in the air, vacant, not eating used and rusted over. when i see this barge with all of this stuff my first thought -- the first topic comes to mind is, what is inside those container ships? i know all kind of stuff goes through those ships, but i know they hold a lot of merchandise. i just feel like they are in the middle of a pump and dump ponzi scheme where they are going to cash out all of their stocks and leave the little guy to be poor. it starts watching these billionaires do whatever they want. they are more powerful will be government with the kind of money they've got, and resources. i feel like they did have the resources to put something like this together. just like the conspiracy behind the towers. host: all right, benson. this is in the washington post, about the economic impact. you can see here a picture of the wreckage site. it says, harbor remains blocked. poor workers feel -- fear impact on their lives. layoffs may be imminent as nearly 8000 have jobs tied to the docks. maryland has received an initial payment of $60 million for early cleanup of the collapse from the federal government. joseph in raymond, mississippi, independent line. good morning. caller: good morning, mimi. my biggest concern from this week was the border crisis. the senate passed a bill concerning the crisis, from president trump, for the house not to pass it, and they agreed to it. now they are blaming president biden for not having concerns for the border crisis. they say it is a border crisis, but the use it as a political tool. thank you. host: just to clarify, the senate did not take it up at all, but it was a bipartisan deal that was negotiated. and josh in great falls, virginia. republican. caller: good morning, mimi, and thanks for this conversation. i think the story of the week that has not been covered in detail, other than people like you and amy goodman, is that we are sending -- rewarding israel with billions of dollars this week, despite the fact that the majority of the american population is opposed to the genocide. rather than docking payment, we are rewarding them. our infrastructure is falling apart while children are being murdered in a genocide. it is a departure from international law, as we have seen at the united nations, where it is a binding resolution under international law. the administration is trying to have both sides of the story so they can appease the pro-israeli lobby and if i the american public and international law. these children are dying as we speak, right now. probably another 100 palestinians, mostly civilians, have been killed. this story needs to be told, and thank god for c-span and others who have the nerve to do that, because we are losing at all levels as americans. host: i want to show you a poll from gallup. you are talking about public opinion. it says, majority in u.s. now disapprove of israeli action in gaza. here are the numbers. this is the question asked. do you approve or disapprove of the military actions israel has taken in gaza? here you can see the comparison between november 2023, a month after the october attacks, to, most recently, march 2024. the approval has dropped down to 36%. disapproval has gone up from 45% to 55% in march. interestingly, no opinion has also gone up to 9%. jean in cedar rapids, iowa. independent. caller: hi. there were so many subjects that were touched on. one, i really think that all of us americans need to look at the big picture of what is going on. our border is really bad, but with the children, it seems apparent to me that before the border happened there was 86% of the kids that were rescued from a sex trafficking king, from some kind of interaction with foster care. and now we have all of these immigrant children that are missing, don't even want to touch base or talk about it, our government. i started looking into a couple of things, and the nationality of a lot of people in our government, people should really look at. the fact that we are pushing so hard for this genocide in palestine. it is ridiculous. it goes against all of our morals and standards. if we can take care of our own border, what are we doing out here -- can't take care of our own border, what are we doing out here funding this checkup we have millions of illegal immigrants that have come in here -- and i'm not saying they shouldn't be able to -- but, do it legally. for some time now they have all been young males, all physically fit, and don't really like they are wanting to do nothing but harm. here in iowa, we were at the bus station and we watched a white 17-year-old kid get beat down. you couldn't even recognize the kid's face. from immigrant people. if we think we are not going to be in trouble, you have another thing coming. seriously, look up nationality of most of the government officials. they are not american. host: glenn in valley center, kansas. morning. caller: good morning. thanks for taking my call. two things. one is the audacity of governor hochul and letitia james, asking to speak at this man's funeral today. it is a travesty. the second thing is, in israel, you know, this is god's chosen people. and he gave them this land thousands of years ago, and why the arabs seem to think they can wipe it out is beyond belief. everybody is hollering about the children getting killed over there, but what about all of the babies that are being killed in this country through abortion? we don't hear any backlash on that. host: about the war in gaza, here is a politico article that says the dod is in early talks to find a peacekeeping force in gaza. u.s. officials has been that have been clear the plan would not include american boots on the ground. you can read that at politico if you are interested. beverly is calling from madison, alabama. independent. caller: i want to talk a little bit about the illegal immigrants coming in. i am a nurse myself. some of the diseases we are seeing in this country probably is going to lead to another pandemic. the measles, tuberculosis -- especially tuberculosis. polio. things we have eradicated in this country years and years ago is prevalent again because of people coming in that is probably not vaccinated, not screen for it at the border -- screen for it at the border, and then let loose in society. and they don't follow up with health care. host: how are those vaccination rates here among permanent residents and citizens? you mentioned measles, and aimed -- and i understand there has been hesitancy from parents, on their kids getting measles vaccines. caller: there is some hesitancy, but for the majority of people, i don't know the records or anything like that, national to statistics -- national statistics. measles, to me growing up they were more prevalent in the 1960's, the 1970's. but with vaccinations they had gone down from being in nursing school we learned that. if people coming in, there is no -- i mean, even if they are not coming in sick from leaving their countries, doing these long road trips that they make through the jungles, and you know they are bringing in fears. the children don't get health care. this is a spreading, and that is what is causing, probably, a lot of these diseases. it is worrisome to me because something has to be done at the border. that is only one thing about the border, you know, for safety reasons. there needs to be some checks and balances but people getting vaccinated at the border when they come in. or just let loose in society and they probably don't have money. and all of the funds are being taken up in schools. i've been in schools sometimes, and all of the funding, or i am live they are building new schools for the people coming in. not immigrants so much, but they don't have the money to do anything and help public health because all of these immigrants they are putting up in hotels, they are moving them around from place to place in this country. and it takes money from the government that could be used for our own children. i have a hard time with that. i really do. i mean, we should allow legal citizenship for people that come in, but this is way out of hand. host: got it, beverly. that is going to be our last call for this segment. we will have more time later for open forum. coming up next on "washington journal," lisel petis at the r street institute joins us to discuss the state of pretrial justice and bail reform across the u.s. and later, ipsos public affairs president cliff young discusses attitudes toward candidates and top issues. ♪ >> american history tv, exploring the history and events that tell the american story. elizabeth aaron talks about confederate general james long street and reconstruction after the civil war and became an outcast in the south. congress investigates looks at historic congressional investigations that led to changes in policy and law. this weekend the special 1912 senate committee investigation into the sinking of the titanic. 82 witnesses testified about ice warnings were ignored, the inadequate lifeboats, and the treatment of different classes of passengers. on the presidency, presidential descendants gathered in key west, florida to reflect on how their ancestors asserted political influence. here from descendants of william mckinley, william howard taft, harry truman, dwight eisenhower and jimmy carter. explore the american story. watch american history tv every weekend and find the full schedule or watch online anytime at c-span.org/history. >> c-span has been delivering unfiltered congressional coverage for 45 years. here's a highlight from the key moment. >> the space program has been a marvelous program for america to expand its knowledge, its horizons. it will continue to be so in the future. as long as man has the thirst for knowledge we will continue to press outward. in the process there is risk. that risk is taken by each one of us every day and that risk is understood by all the members of the crew that climb into a loaded spaceship. >> c-span, powered by cable. >> washington journal continues. host: welcome back to washington journal. we are joined to talk about the bail system and reforms to the bail system with lisel petis, resident senior fellow of criminal justice at the r street institute. welcome to the program. guest: thanks for having me. host: tell us about the r street institute and how you are funded and if you have a political plant. guest: r street institute is a nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank. we focus on free markets and limited effective government. we are working with key stakeholders in the criminal justice system. we are funded by a variety of philanthropic foundations, organizations and individuals that support the work we do. host: explain to us how the pretrial system works in the purpose of bail. guest: it's hard to say how it works because it works differently across the country. every state has a different pretrial system and different pretrial laws. ugh -- if someone commits an offense, they'll comes in if the person is arrested. they essentially come into the system. a bail amount may be set. in some states there will be a determination if the person gets bail at all or if they will be held in custody. if the going to be released they are conditions. it's often a cash bail or conditions such as house arrest, supervision, drug testing. once the person is out then they have to abide by the rules. they have to show up for court. they can't commit offenses. they have to live by the conditions imposed. if they have been successful. if not they can get rearrested and put back into jail. it works differently across the states. host: how was the decision made to set bond? is there certain criteria a judge goes through? how does that work? guest: a judge will generally be focused on two main areas, public safety and whether or not some people appear back in court. i should say not every state evaluates both of those. new york does not actually consider somebody's danger. only appearing back in court. those of the two main considerations. after that generally the state laws are going to give a laundry list of factors to be considered. it could be the level of offense, prior criminal history. it could be cash. they will evaluate those and looking at how those play into other -- whether or not some it is a flight or safety risk. host: what are the issues you think need reforming in the bail bond system? guest: the biggest issue is the cash bail system. it's at both ends of the spectrum. at one end you have individuals accused of lower level offenses. maybe driving under restraint, simple theft, things of that nature that are low risk and likely to show up for court. they are law-abiding but they can't afford low-levels of bail amounts. you look at a place like michigan who had a report saying that 38% of their pretrial detainees are being held on a bail amount of less than $2500. when working with a bail bondsman usually pay 10% of that. people are being held on $250 at the end of the day. that's the one issue. are we best using resources by having people staying in jail for these low-level offenses that are low risk? on the other end you have individuals who may have committed very serious crimes. they may be high risk for fleeing or a danger to the community. yet if they have the financial means, if you set a high cash bail amount they can still pay their way out. that is more being determined on wealth versus a risk to society. i would say that is the number one issue with the cash bail system. proponents of bail reform will point to more long-term unintended consequences. often times we think about pretrial detention in that moment after the arrest and somebody's being detained. research has shown when individuals are arrested even for one day or two that can start to create this succession. someone might lose a job. they might lose housing. they could have the custody of their children challenged. when those things start happening it creates a higher likelihood of reoffending in the future. it can compromise public safety on the backend. we are not talking about violent felonies. that's a concern for a lot of proponents of bail reform. host: we will take your calls for the next 35 minutes with our guest lisel petis on the bail system. we are dividing the lines by region. in the eastern or central time zones, call us at (202) 748-8000 . not nor pacific, (202) 748-8001 -- mountain or pacific, (202) 748-8001. we have a line if you have experience with the bail system. call us on (202) 748-8002. you can also use our line for texting and our social media lines. can you give us a bit of an idea of the history of the bail system? where did it come from? for what purpose? around when did it start? guest: the bail system has been around for centuries. we are talking about before america. back when we are looking in europe. it was a way to work within the judicial system to make sure people were being held accountable. people were showing up to court and facing the charges against them. public safety became a concern as well. that was not an original piece of the system but it's become very prominent now. the idea is when we came to america under our constitution we had certain rights. one is the presumption of innocence. we don't just want to lock up everybody accused of a crime. we want a lot of people who are maybe not showing up to face those charges or potentially locking of people who may be a safety risk for the community. the vast majority people actually show up for court enter law-abiding. those individuals have a presumption of innocence. we don't know if they are guilty of the crime they are accused of. it is not a great use of taxpayer money to be holding them in jail if they're coming into court anyway and they're going to be staying law-abiding. as we progressed forward we have started to see cash bail being used. fairly early on cash came into play about whether or not they could eventually pay to get out. if somebody had skin of the game they would show back up for court because they want that money back. early in the 1900s we started to see bail bonds come out. that is when they became more prominent. the veil bondsman is someone who will pay the cash bail amount for somebody to be released. in return the defendant will pay generally between 10% to 50% of the bond amount, a nonrefundable bond amount. the bail bondsman gets to keep the money and a surety for the rest of the amount the court. host: but they have to show up though. guest: if they show up. a lot of times the court will wait to see whether or not the person shows up. often times the bail amount -- the vast majority do show for court. the amount to the bail bondsman is not refunded. host: so they keep that is profit. guest: right. host: i want to let people know your report on this is called tools for safe and smart bail system changes. people can take a look at that if they would like. critics of bail reform say it's going to increase crime, increase violent crime. is there any evidence that shows the relationship between bail reform and violent crime? guest: there evidence -- there is no evidence that shows it causes violent crime. this concern comes up a lot so it's worth addressing where the concern comes from. we see a lot of cases in the media where 70 has gotten -- somebody else got out on relief and tragedy happened. there was one in the news this week. what's important to remember is that bail reform looks very different state to state. it's very hard to attack that because there is no one bail reform effort. what has been done in new jersey looks very different from what has been done in new york which is different from illinois. we have to look at the very specific local level at what is happening. i will give an example. in new york, bail reform had a couple of things. it's important to mention that new york does not consider dangerousness and their bail. that is very different. most every other state does. new york does not. host: why is that? that seems odd. wouldn't it be the most important thing? guest: the original purpose of bail is to have people show up for court. that is new york's main consideration when they do bail determination. a lot of states have prioritized public safety. actually see that as the primary concern of public safety. not every state has done that. the other things new york has done, and has been amended but requiring certain people to be out on release. some bail reform is a production -- presumption of release. your f -- new york has a long list of crimes it has mandatory release. you have to compare that to something like new jersey. new jersey had a very different approach to bail reform. their approach was not only -- essentially getting rid of cash bail for most offenses. it also greatly expanded preventative detention. preventative detention means somebody does not have a right to release. they would just remain in jail rather than be released. they had a robust pretrial services program put in place at the same time. very different efforts and laws. it is hard to compare bail reform in general and the rising crime. as of now i'm not aware of any studies that show there is a direct relation between bail reform and a rising crime. -- rise in crime. host: new york and new jersey have very different views on pretrial the tension and release. what are the different crime rates? is that a fair comparison to see which method is better? guest: i think it is worth looking at the crime rates. i think a better method is looking at whether or not the people being released from jail are showing up for court and staying law-abiding. crime rates can be affected by so many things. we saw a huge spike in crime after the closures from covid, after the murder of george floyd. those are external kind of things that are impacting the criminal justice system. it is hard to use that is one indicator of success . i think it is something to be looked at. new jersey did in fact and has continued to see the people they have released in their system do continue to show up for court. they have had very low levels of people getting out after serious offenses. they had a decrease in crime overall since bail reform. i think those are indicators to show whether or not there has been success. new york has had different studies come out about whether or not there has been success or not. it's very nuanced. a lot has happened in the criminal justice space in the last couple of years. host: we will take your calls for our guest lisel petis on our lines by region. eastern or central time zones, (202) 748-8000. mountain and pacific, (202) 748-8001. if you have had experience with the bail system, (202) 748-8002. before we go to the phones i want to ask about this article about illinois from cbs. illinois becomes the first day to end cash bail. the article was in september of last year. i am wondering once they have ended cash bail what impact has that hat? guest: -- that had? guest: what illinois did his groundbreaking. we have had a lot of other states and municipalities really pull back on cash bail. illinois is the first place that has full long eliminated cash bail. at the same time they did that they did expand the list, like new jersey did, offenses that can be preventative lee detained. in the state of illinois the options are you will be detained or released. if released, the conditions cannot be monetary. you are getting out. it's a matter of what conditions are in there as well. we are about six months out from the implementation of the pretrial fairness act which illuminates bail -- eliminates cash bail. people are seeing how impactful it has been. there are studies that it has reduced the jail population, which was one of the goals or anticipated outcomes of this. we are waiting to see the full data on whether or not primaries have changed or if the people being released are showing up for court and staying law-abiding. the one thing we know is a lot of critics of pretrial fairness were concerned about the purge happening after it wasn't limited, meaning people would go out commit all the crimes and think there is no consequences. that definitely did not happen. it seems most of the key stakeholders and professionals in the system may want some tweaks with what is going on but many think it is going ok. there is not a severe outcome from it. host: robert is a first from silver spring, maryland. good morning. caller: it seems like a lot of our large cities are actually experiencing a purge. the chicago who was released this weekend and murdered a child within 24 hours. the new york punching rampage where the people are not even being arrested. in d.c. this week a dispensary worker was murdered after complying and giving up the products. we had 12 people who killed a homeless man. people walking around on the street with semi all medic rifles -- semi automatic rifles. none of these people arrested. the complete acceptance of crime, it has to stop. we have to go back to law and order. it's really insulting to the people that are following the laws. basically that's my comment and that is why i will be supporting trump in the fall. host: lisel. guest: the first thing we need to remember is that have been absolutely tragic cases out there. i could not hear all the examples but somewhere released on parole which means they were convicted of a crime and released from a prison sentence. the discussion will have to be for a different day. certainly tragedies and people are released on bail

into the fall campaign. what's going on on the democratic side, the convention in chicago, which is largely overshadowed by by the violence and what's going on in grant park and other places in chicago outside of the convention, the inteational amphitheater, the incumbent vice presidency, vice president bert humphrey i the one o has the easiest path to the nomination. and why is that? humphrey was it was committed liberal from that side of the party more than johnson. i mean, the 48 convention in philadelphia humphrey boldly declared civil rights kind of the nation's next major that we should take on and caused pandemonium back in 1948 to say that he said that is the mayor of. running for the first time for senate. he wasn't even in washington yet and as johnson's vice president becomes wedded to, the unpopular war in vietnam and i would the way i would put it is that he he vice president, he didn't have johnson's political assets, but he had his live melodies by the end of of that term of office. but humphrey is in the best situation to run as a kind of surrogate for for johnson because back then the rules were different for nominating democrats didn't change the nominating process