. >> first neil ferguson on donald trump's republican party and the state of the conservative movement worldwide then and applebaum an autocracy on the rise all over the world. why does the world seems so vulnerable to it today but first, here's my take it's too early to write up the legacy of joe biden he has six more months in his presidency and in these volatile times, much could happen but it seems worth looking back at what we now know will be a one-term presidency and asking, what will define it in history to me, the signature aspect of biden's presidency has been his big break from decades of economic policy for almost half a century. the federal government has refrained from any transformative, long-term investments in the american economy. even the large covid payments were for consumption, not for investment. in fact, that defining fiscal policies of our times have been tax cuts president reagan, bush and trump all enacted large tax cuts that broadly benefited the rich. the result has been in america that can be characterized by private opulence and public decay. $100,000,000

i spoke with neil ferguson. here's a historian and senior fellow at stanford university's hoover institution. this june, he was knighted by king charles certainly ferguson, pleasure to have you on lourdes, a carrier has you shouldn't be what happened to the party of reagan free trade, free markets very nine attitude towards immigration is, that gone? i think he got back to its roots. amman has to remember that the republican party was a protection as party for most of its history in the 19th century. >> that was one of the differentiating things compared with the democrats it's in the south who were for free trade republicans only really reconciled themselves to free trade after world war ii. >> and the only became full believers in globalization as in free trade, free capital movements i'm free population movements. >> after the cold war was ended and you can see that extraordinary convergence that happens between democrats and republicans, at least the elites of those parties in favor of globalization in the 1

then the british shot epidemiologist no ferguson, the daily mail said if neil ferguson tells you christmas is on december 25th, he's probably lying about the number so fast. you walked into the oval office knowing he was lying in order to create a panic. it felt she had been 6 inches taller. we would have never had a coven. oops. it's just that simple fix. it just said that we're gonna blame heights, okay? 5 will give it onto that side of it. but you know, the carter i liked the store be blaming eyes the i said i want to did that. would that be a little too far? but i do want to talk about the fact that we don't trust politicians. we don't trust the lawyers. very rarely do you say that you don't trust the scientist. that was never, i think pre cove. it was all most people's industries that they did not have trusted and they wanted to. i think most people thought that people that were in the science created were for us, but now we're finding out this flip flopping. so i'm gonna go steve everywhere at bromwoods, where the most degree a grades to one of the most things crazy things about you

is predominantly tomorrow conference on the cold war organized by our senior fellow colleague neil ferguson. if those of you who know what scotsman look like, will know that neil is us right behind sergei and we all pass around the books so that people can get acquainted with it. but we're going take i'm going to take it home because. it's inscribed to me. okay. i could tell you many other things. sergei rodchenko. he has a named chair at the johns hopkins school of advanced international studies, the kissinger center, his happens to be in bologna. that's where based the site school of advanced international studies is based in washington. so he goes and forth. he knows multiple languages and is able to use materials native russian, chinese, several other languages, mongolian as you can tell from the footnotes in the book. so it's an extraordinary piece of work and it's a thrill and an honor to have him here today. please me in welcoming professor sergey radchenko. thank you, professor kotkin. it is a great privilege to be here. i'm so grateful to history lab, to stanford university for or

i was surprised by a very short article by neil ferguson, he is a british man who works at the hoover five sentences, which begin with the fact that, as he says, we are all soviet, compares, says, an elderly leader who understands little, large military expenditures, rate to conflicts in which it is impossible to win and so on, but i would not agree with him here, because well, he compares it with the late soviet union, but this happened in our history. politicians, i just had coffee this evening in moscow with ali nasir muhammad, this is the leader of the people's democratic republic of yemen, the elder of yemen politics, today we have an inter-arab delegation on peace dialogue, with him there are several very famous palestinians, well my ex was drinking coffee with us. that's when these people turn in the old fashioned way, hello, comrade, you know, i want to give him missiles, i want to give him missiles, especially since a delegation from the yemen houthis came to moscow recently, literally a week ago, about a missile-metric response, because something is happening, something- the

neil ferguson. he's a british historian who wrote books on the west. he makes a statement that the making of the u.s. constitution is probably the greatest built in human history. i thought, oh, that is too generalized. i should not make those kinds of statements. after many years, i came back to agreeing with ferguson. he was right. and the truth of the matter is that the constitution is as good as the people who implement the constitution. you can write anything you want into a constitution. if people want to throw it away, they will throw it away and do whatever they want to do. there are countries that have so-called unwritten constitutions that shaped the way that they act and they tend to act appropriately, so i think that what matters is trying to build the culture. the culture that supports a way of thinking and acting and if the people hold public life accountable for how that culture is lived, i think that is something the sovereign world fund will come from. we will thrive how well we educate people with the value they bring and how those pe

. >> the only i mean, i've seen one person today, neil ferguson, niall ferguson, doctor or sir or whatever he is, economist and economic historian. really, saying that . and france, he saying that. and france, he says, faces this problem as well because at the moment, of course, there's a big swing to the right across europe that a lot of the right leaning parties depend on the pensioners for their vote, and the pensioners are the ones who want to maintain their standard of living without working. and that's where you need the migrants. that's now. i'm not sure that adds up. personally, i think a lot of the immigrants are actually a net drain on our resources. but even if you even if you were allowing that to be the case, that seems like a that's a recipe for like a downward spiral, isn't it? >> but the fact that you had to say that niall ferguson, this great professor guy right from scotland, whatever the country is from, he is from scotland originally. yeah. okay. the fact that you had to say that this is what the issue should be is like if people say, oh, you know what, we have to have

i would like to say that i once challenged the thinking of somebody's work, neil ferguson.r ferguson is the british r. historian who wrote the book civilization of the west versus the rest. he makes a statement that the making of the u.s. constitution is probably the greatest effort of institution building in human history. i thought, that's too generalized. historians should not make these kinds of statements. after many years i came back and agreed with ferguson and that he was probably quite right. and the truth of the matter is that the constitution is as good as the people who implement the constitution. you can write anything you want into a constitution. the people will throw it away and then throw it and do whatever they want to do. there are countries that have, so-called, several conventions that shape the way they act and they tend to act appropriately. so, i think that what matters is trying to build a culture. a culture that supports a certain way of thinking and acting. and if the people who own the culture, the people will hold ve them accountable for how tha

neil ferguson noted how the general rule has been any great power that spends more on debt then defense will not stay great for a long time. we just crossed this rubicon in the u.s. will spend more on interest than this year. do rising debt costs pose a threat to stability, can you inform our situation? >> rising interest payments we to -- lead to choices policymakers want. there is less -- fewer resources for the private sector, less job creation and so on. >> the constitution gives the power of the purse to congress but the administration used rules and executive action to make major changes with unprecedented consequences for the budget without a vote in congress. how have these actions changed to be owes budget projections since the agencies baseline? >> we track those and they go into the baseline. the executive actions, student loans, that is $560 billion. half a trillion in additional so far. more court cases in announcements, as of two weeks ago. the second is the food plan that redefined the basket in the snap program. that with higher food prices led to 200 were 250 billion do

today a wonderful analysis of a famous historian, british-american, he is more american, probably neil fergusone where we check whether they are telling the truth or not depends on us, you know something that i don’t know, but advertising on channel one is waiting, i’m afraid, no, something we've gotten serious, there should be other letters here, what? how do ciphers work? the alphabet shifts either to the right or to the left, by a few letters, now let's check, in depth, girls, fortune teller, today is the first one, i restored the appointment, well, don't delay, don't delay, who, i'm afraid they won't make you happy, i'm just a courier, take it and don’t even open it, otherwise you’ll be tired of counting. you have to be careful while driving, with fire, with valuable things, with documents, there were a lot, there were no hopeless situations, almost, you are with us, this is pavel, i will explain to you what you need to do, they have different pathologies, but performing one common task, they seem to begin to help each other, i noticed that your psychos know how to think in their own idioti

here , yes, which we all witnessed, except michael, maybe, yes, so, let's also listen to read neil fergusontizens expressed their dissatisfaction in letters. in the suddenly free press, symptoms of moral weakness included apathy and hypocrisy, cynicism, and obsequious snitching. look at the most recent public opinion polls in america and you 'll find similar disappointment. share the population that trusts the supreme court, banks, public schools, and the presidency of large technology companies is no more than 27%. a false ideology that hardly anyone truly believes in, but must accept if they do not want to be called dissidents. population. who no longer considers patriotism, religion, having children or participation in society to be important factors, well, here’s another coincidence for you, well , yes, it’s similar, yes it’s similar, that is, cynicism in the soviet union and disappointment in any ideology, this was all obvious, to be honest, we certainly did not understudied, we understudied the internal experience of the collapse of the ussr, it is difficult to say when it began in th