as well as to the of the soviet union. so probably those would be my guess areas where you could at least begin to make tentative because the key is and this is what eisenhower understood. so well, the key is if you're going to be successful and peaceful, you've got to have a whole range of different tools working for you. that military alone is not the answer. it's very important, but it's not only answer and you have to have those tools and they have to work to the extent possible in coordination. you also need to. think any other questions? let's see. the question was put about tick tock. dr. romer and its role in in this kind of cultural little called dialog or i'm no expert on on on tick tock. i would say, though the radios again i use that term radios, but you know, rfe, rl and voa do use social media wisely. from what i understand. but again, you got to ask someone much younger and more more, more hip than i am in terms of how to use that. but i know they're i'm aware that they do they have a very interesting us age

the fundamental weaknesses in the soviet union? those are the puzzles that we have to confront to begin to answer those puzzles we think need to start by thinking about the audiences to whom reagan was speaking. and we've seen a little bit of the audience there in the royal gallery. so he certainly is speaking to parliament, other assembled people in great britain, but more broadly, reagan was speaking to the united states, to our allies in western europe and our allies, asia, you know, australia new zealand, taiwan, on japan, south korea. and he is asking them to continue to his soviet policy. he's on a trip to, europe, where he's trying to build support. and his conclusion is that optimism is an order because day by day, democracy is proving itself to be a not at all fragile, all pile up, a fragile flower. his goal was to preserve freedom as as well as peace, and he predicted it may not be easy to see, but i believe we live now at a turning point, a conclusion that almost everyone thought was wrong, but that was totally right. bu

and to the advantage of the soviet union. so those would be my guest areas where you could at least begin to make tentative -- because the key is, this is what eisenhower understood so well, the key is, if you're going to be successful and peaceful, you have to have a whole range of different tools working for you. the military alone is not the answer. it's very important but not the only answer. and you have to have those tools, and they have to work to the extent possible. >> any other questions? >> the question was, what about tiktok? and its role in this kind of political dialogue? >> i'm no expert on tiktok. i would say, though, that the radios -- again, i use that term radios, but they do use social media wisely from what i understand. again, you've got to ask someone much younger and more hip than i am in terms of how to use that. but i know -- i'm aware that they have a very interesting -- u.s. agency for global media, that's the umbrella agency in washington that oversees all of our information programs. they have a

many union soldiers. a man named constant. so the 20th militia encountered, a 20/28 new york militia and encountered an 80 year old woman traveling with a three year old girl. if you can imagine such a thing, a cross-country moving by night, hiding in by day. she told him. her story brought hanks, the soldier, to tears, and he reflected, is the desire of my heart that poor writers may not be disappointed in the confidence they place in our flag. but i fear our government is afraid. still afraid of wounding feelings of the rebels, which is just a great a great description of the mindset of many that summer. now, there are few union soldiers who encouraged enslaved people run away. i've run into a couple, but not many. generally speaking. but they often did take undertake ways to undermine the institution in fredericksburg, some union soldiers urged enslaved people to stay with their owners and demand they pay wages. the idea wrote one slave owning woman, jane in fredericksburg. she wrote in her diary. diar

would you withhold grain from the soviet union to promote civil rights in the soviet union? gov. carter: i would never single out food, as a trade embargo item if i ever decided to impose an embargo because of a crisis in international relationships. it would include shipments of all equipment. if the arab countries ever again declare an embargo against our nation on oil, i would consider that an economic declaration of war and i would respond instantly and in-kind. i would not ship that arab country anything. no weapons, no spare parts, no oil drilling rigs or pipeline equipment. i wouldn't single out just food. another thing i would like to say is this. in our international trade, as i said in my opening statement, we have become the arms merchant of the world. when this republican administration came into office, we were shipping about $1 billion of arms overseas. now $12 billion of arms overseas to countries that use these arms to fight each other. the shift in emphasis has been disturbing to me. under the last democratic administration 60% of all weapons that went into the m

luckily, it was not a hot war and we were fighting the soviet union. fighting the soviet union by battling for ideas and values and how best to win than to communicate those to people living in countries under communist rule. so voice of america, fundamental part of the usia. another very important part and one i wish more people knew about and that is what we in the field, the russia field called the eisenhower khrushchev agreement on educational and cultural affairs. just to give you a taste of that, until 1957 there was really no contact between the united states and the soviet union other than embassy employees in each country and there was no -- eisenhower understood better than anyone else that as the soviet -- as stalin passed away in 1953 after the 1956 speech denouncing stalin said this was the right time to engage soviets in exchanges, and the united states proposed two very important apolitical, if you wish, areas for engagement. one was education. the other was cultural, and if we take culture first, the agreement was the soviet union would

bound in union union. it was man one day to inspire the hopes of all mankind mankind, and it binds us still. if we its terms, we shall flourish. under this covenant of justice. liberty and union. we have become a nation, prosperous great. and mighty. and we have kept our freedom. but have no promise from god that. our greatness will endure. we have been allowed by him to seek greatness with the sweat of our hands and, the strength of our spirit. i do not believe that the great society is the order changeless and sterile battalion of the angels. it is the excitement of becoming always becoming trying, probing all resting and trying again. but all trying and always gaining. in each generation generation with toil and tears we have to earn our heritage again again. if we fail now, then we will have forgotten in abundance what we learn in hardship hardship that the mockers see rests on faith. and freedom as more than it gives. and the judgment god is harsh. use. on those who are most favored. if we succeed. it

bound in union union. it was man one day to inspire the hopes of all mankind mankind, and it binds us still. if we its terms, we shall flourish. under this covenant of justice. liberty and union. we have become a nation, prosperous great. and mighty. and we have kept our freedom. but have no promise from god that. our greatness will endure. we have been allowed by him to seek greatness with the sweat of our hands and, the strength of our spirit. i do not believe that the great society is the order changeless and sterile battalion of the angels. it is the excitement of becoming always becoming trying, probing all resting and trying again. but all trying and always gaining. in each generation generation with toil and tears we have to earn our heritage again again. if we fail now, then we will have forgotten in abundance what we learn in hardship hardship that the mockers see rests on faith. and freedom as more than it gives. and the judgment god is harsh. use. on those who are most favored. if we succeed. it

we discuss this with our partners in the union and the european commission and tomorrow i will travel to paris to talk to him and europe relies on every fear level trait and we are not alone. the fact that the negotiation between states about the free trade, the agreement have come to an end after the conclusion after 25 years. this underlines this message, trump given political conclusion of the agreement mexico aspartic was a success for your end for mexico braided and next enterra, that means more trade and competition and lower prices. speaking of competition, europe and germany have to make an effort to become more competitive and not solely as a reaction to develop in china for the elections in the u.s. know about because the world and globalization as a whole, changed fundamentally. we have seen the rise of serious competitors in all parts of the world asia africa and the south of america, that doesn't mean that we should engage to undercut competition according to who pays the lowest wages or who has the lowest environmental and social status, but if we want to preserve our eu

the soviet union, for instance, put pressure on mr. ford and he refused to see assemble a human freedom recognized around the world, and he has permitted a boycott by the arab countries of american businesses who trade with israel, who have american jews owning or taking part in american companies. his own secretary of commerce had to be subpoenaed by the congress to reveal the names of businesses who were subject to this boycott. they didn't volunteer that information, he had to be subpoenaed and the last thing i'd like to say is this, this grain deal with the soviet union in '72 was terrible and mr. ford made up for it with three embargoes, one against our own ally in japan. that's not the with an i to run our foreign policy, including international trade. >> mr. trewhitt, a question for mr. carter. >> and i'd like to look at your appeal for greater american idealism in foreign affairs. foreign affairs come home to the public in oil embargoes and grain sales, that sort of thing. would you be willing to risk an oil embargo in order to

the soviet union for instance, put pressure on mr. ford and he refused to see a symbol of human freedom recognized around the world, alexander sultan it's in. he's yielded and has permitted a boycott by the arab countries of american businesses who trade with israel who have american jews owning or taking part in the management of american companies. his own secretary of commerce subpoenaed by the congress to reveal the names of businesses he was subject to. they did not volunteer the information. he had to be subpoenaed. the last thing i would like to say is this. this grain deal with the soviet union was terrible and mr. ford made up with it with three embargoes. one against our own ally in japan. that's not the way to run foreign policy. >> mr. truitt, a question for governor carter. >> foreign affairs comes home to the american public pretty much in such issues as oil embargoes in grain sales and that sort of thing. would you be willing to risk an oil embargo in order to promote human rights in iran and saudi arabia withholding ar

somebody every 2nd whole next to the union carbide factory is a tragic story. who owns of 1984, yet to he owns that, who paused by an american dream seems so, but no loss guessing the job at union carbide between them too. but little did he knew the job would cost him his child's life and break. his family reunion covered very of my fault. my life was set off to get to get you up with an american company, but it poisoned don't lives forever. this. the union carbide factory left a bit to legacy that continues to affect people. the soil and water contamination have led a high rate of 20 diseases in survivors, such as stanza and cuba close is asked for the survivors. the gas relief hospital is meant for them in the region have not been of much help either this or any, although called wood for shorter, adequately describing the 4 gravity of the dissolved talk. perhaps only those who lost, i'm live to it. actually understand with the use actors have demanded the week to get fed compensation adequate medical treatment rehabilitation plan for move with adults and chem

your reaction as the special and for the african union, special envoy on preventing genocide. how do you view this decision by washington? especially when itself, the us itself has been accused of facilitating a severe human rights abuses and genocide in the gaza strip. what difference do you think this determination is going to make into that? well, it is very sad. i mean, uh oh, do we have been c, r o b committee the last 21 months in. so that waiting today. wow. to leave these got, i mean the station and does make a determination. why is trying to say, of course, that they have been deliberating for management to me is, it's kind of, i would say, a game. but this doesn't use those cities. we are not allowed to play with the lives of the sudanese but so that means people have been suffering for so long and i by says have raise this issue with many aspect of the this remind me about that responsibility. it was in 2000 when they agreed that never they gave, they would allow genocide counts against matching what types to be committed under their eyes when they see deeper facing

union in the united states. so not the notes on it. let me ask you a question. it's a little complex about some of the playbook of stress along borders. and when i think about the e. u, and i think some of the other leaders that i've interviewed, they've talked a lot particularly in eastern europe, about the way migration has been weaponized. and how russia and belo reuss and others are attempting to destabilize governments with migration insertions. poland, his shot much of its border down. it is stopped in the right of asylum in this to tell me about this process because i would like our viewers to understand because united states to some degree is arguing much the same thing with its southern border. but many human rights people have raised questions about whether this is the right track for poland and whether those that are basically victims in other governments or to have a place to go. so how do you reconcile poland big flank with beller, bella. ruth was the place where russia invaded ukraine from. so how

that are located in the european union. and also in the united states to put to the human beings, the population was profiting so terribly because of this situation 1st, rather than days to put prophets that they make out of the mining all the 3 of us minerals. i'm talking about big multinational companies that want to make sure that they have access to their a hose, minerals of the d, f c. and they don't care whether they care to, through the government of the r c o through the innovation software, one, the, or through any other group such as they came 3 and 23 good. you know, the only thing they interested in is to get those minerals because those minerals is single in the manufacturing of computers and of smartphones. and in fact, some of those minerals only found in the d r c. so it's easy, simple for them to have access to those materials. now, a former diplomats electra of a cooperative university and the democratic republic of the congo believes that multinational corporations are targeting the countries resources. i

we have what it takes to a union with more than four to 50 million europeans. i have economic clout, germany was 84 million inhabitants is the third largest economy in the world. let me give you a first example defense capability aside from increased defense expenditure we need more efficiency in europe. not picture-perfect solutions in every single country in dozens of weapons categories. we need a european arms industry that's able to develop major projects together as it is already done in the field of. it is my objective that every european can enter existing contracts in the development of arms needs to be pursued together. the second example. we're going to defend the fruit trick together with our partners we discuss this with our partners in the european union and the european commission. tomorrow i will travel to paris to talk to macron on a free, fair global trade. about a free trade agreement have come to an end just make to a conclusion after 25 years. this underlines this message. just like the political for europe and for mexico. that means more tr

idea with the intention of creating an african union. and then also that was united, i remember one time in via the traditional leaders of african if and this that is in tripoli and ultimately the 2nd pacific day. and he started to think the idea of a single kind and 6 is not the more thing, the idea of having a single army is not the more thing the idea of having us from africa and in the actually good is started attracting in images. and those are the enemies that ultimately lead to the state of the libya that we know today he was that sous perhaps and they get the material otherwise off i've been been, i've been been that dictates on or 3080 and lead uh was not doing things that was being the best interest of this country. and these are the western countries saying this about tim, on when they are on spring, started into an easy uh, maybe uh, was not staffed. the deal was not bad. with the consequence. is that 5th columbus on the elements from outside to lead, the those who wanted to see good see under the resume disappear, was presen

your reaction as the special envoy, the african union, special envoy on preventing genocide. how do you view this decision by washington? especially when itself, the us itself has been accused of facilitating severe human rights abuses and genocide in the gaza strip. what difference do you think this determination is going to make and sit on of genocide comes against. imagine what tends to be committed under the eyes when they see the deeper facing the reason they have the application fee that is after the for it's a b as a can you know, consider, but miss adam a genuinely, if i can ask you miss ottoman jane, what will this un tom see said i was talking base because what he's quoting for, awaiting the what impact fees the star is, the pride meant by sending notes of independent photos to make sure that should be in the boat for police, an output to get into that, i mean to me uh we, it is very unfortunate. how does that happen guys? uh, which ease of genocide and i made it clear in your tv at the time and i was just select vice of the particulars of the i see i have been sitt

it's been an actually good year for unions.ord contract with the big three automakers, sag aftra enormous victory, ratified the deal that ended the strike. the hollywood writers strike ended and they won big. boeing workers voted to accept a contract proposal, ending a strike. workers voting to join unions at record high rates. going opposite order, april, i'm going to start with you. the wins are big. what is left to do? >> everything, joy and. is left to do. i said a minute ago, a few seconds ago, nine in 10 workers still don't have a union. 60 million want one but we know that when we do polling, 70% of young people say they are interested in joining unions. we are in an unprecedented moment where i know workers want power. they want agency. they want to be a part of their own self-determination. they want to have a seat at the table. so we've got to meet this moment and give workers the seat they want, and that's organization, organization that is poised to not just build power but to use power, and that is what we are exci

, the, as the name for the soviet union was the last year. so in the minds of many people, whenever you talked about the soviet union, you could as well even say, and rush on bill for us just stuck in people's mind in that regard. on when ukraine, the, a full is involving itself in the affairs of any african country is seen as fighting a proxy war on behalf of the western world. and the reason is very simple. even in this war that is going on in the united evening, going on and the united states of america is involved. the wisdom countries are involved. it is seen that ukraine is actually us yet for a war that is being prosecuted by nato. against that, i should, that being the case, even if there is the width of the presence in any country in africa, it is frowned up on the scene as a thing on the b at the behest of the neil colonizers and the involvement is not welcome and that is the context in which we must understand the, the resentment we have seen in there is in fast, i think, in the 2023, the president of russia, if not made, put them

conceived in justice, written in liberty, bound in union, it was meant one day to inspire the hopes ofkind. and it binds us still. if we keep its terms, we shall flourish. under this covenant of justice, liberty, and union, we have become a nation, prosperous, great, and mighty, and we have kept our freedom. we have no promise from god that our greatness will endure. we have been allowed by him to seek greatness with the sweat of our hand and the strengths of our spirit. i do not believe that the great society is the ordered, changeless, and sterile battalion. it is the excitement of becoming, always becoming, trying, probing, falling, resting, and trying again, but always trying and always gaining. [applause] in each generation, with toil and tears, we have had to earn our heritage again. if we fail now, then we will have forgotten in abundance what we learned in hardship. that democracy rests on faith, that freedom asks more than it gives, and the judgment of god is harshest on those most favored. if we succeed, it will not be because of what we have, but it will be because of what w

can union dues, what's the use list? i'm sorry to say adama and the i think the we have a, uh, it just does pulling across purposes. it just says people supporting different sizes to join agencies themselves. what did the task got to be done? what do you think of the response this time has been so effective and ineffectual? is it a case that the international community doesn't care box to dawn or more a case when you look at the humanitarian situation, for example, of not being able to physically get aid on the ground. what, what, what is the root cause of this neglect? from the international community you think? i don't think the word doesn't to get i. i really believe that people don't. i'm going to get enough for go elsewhere around the peace of mind to give them the front of them in the world as well. and then why doesn't bring the most attention is what they've reaching months? no, i don't think it started. i think what did you lose at the options available to make an intervention are much more difficult ones, for e

and so it's a run of rich union. and also under time when consumers are reducing their, their minds because they're just a public difficulties interest of the world. so india and try in a huge market. that is why inductive stood in china. this please say to 32 is your issues flush and then we can go to during the, at the office space, the altered speed on the phone, the other issues. ok, maybe economic issues become the example for this or the work or to do neighbors. okay. we're gonna leave it there. invested already have dog or a former permanent representative to do that. a nation's agencies based enrollment . that's what a great to have you on. thank you. thank you. back into the you worse the boxes by minister robert feet. so has pointed the finger out for an experts involved in protests in georgia and ukraine for attempting to over throw his government. that's as a no confidence vote. being pushed by the opposition petered out and failed. i can confirm that there is a group of experts in slovakia that participa

the european union means free trade. the european union means the free movement of people. to university in all kinds of wonderful places. the european union means a chance to meet people in this huge economic and cultural zone. so in georgia now, what the european union stands for is a future which is not being mired in one party, one person, russian-style rule. if you're a young person in georgia, those are the alternatives. europe and a future, or one-man russian-style rule. so it's not really about the bureaucratic details about the european union, it's about europe as a real, not just a real vision, but a real possibility for a future where the people of georgia could be freer. and that's why this apparent detail that their leaders have taken them off course on the track towards the european union is so significant for georgians, especially for young people. they understand quite correctly that if they want to live in a country where people are going to be free, they also have to live in a country which is connected to europe. >> tony snyder, good to talk to you as alw

still a union that can only be maintained by and bayonets has no charm me if the union dissolved, i shall return to my native and share the miseries of my people and save in defense will draw up my sword on none so was distraught over the dissolution of the union. but he said he had always been taught that his first allegiance was to his mother's state and he held out hope that some agreement would be reached to avert the civil war. but everything changed in april of 61, when lincoln plans to raise an army of 75,000 soldiers to invade the south and put down the rebellion. lincoln offered lee command of that army, which would be the largest ever assembled in north america, and lee politely declined, saying he could not take part in. an invasion of his home state and that if he owned all the slaves in the south, he would gladly give up each and every one of them to save the union. so six of the book addresses the demonizing of confederates, why people fought and what really triggered the war. and this is important because it addresses the charge that lee fought to defend slavery. popular op