this was of course the first of the nuremberg trials but the only for power one 12 steps to put nurembergrials that happen later including the Ãb were carried out by the c alone and i want to say from the start that that's one of the reasons that many americans tend to associate nuremberg with the united states, there are other reasons as well we can talk about too. >> went to the allies led by franklin roosevelt winston churchill and joseph stalin, wonder they began to discuss whether and how to hold nazi readers responsible for their crimes? wonder that process began? >> this began in the middle of the second world war and what i want to say and what's one of the key arguments i make in the book is that nuremberg would not have happened without the soviet union because right from the start the soviets were the one who were really out in front calling for special international tribunal, made an announcement calling for this of the darkest phase of the war in october 1942 for a number of reasons including the soviets saw this as key for reparations, the war was horrible for the soviet uni

something had to be done, and nuremberg was that onset.t was a revolution, he said, of world historical significance that led to the international institutions of criminal justice such as the international criminal court, that we have today, and we also -- it also allowed for a reevaluation of the past here in germany itself, one of the important legacies that it had. the president's speech really looking at the broadview. we also heard from benjamin barrett, somebody who was involved in the nuremberg trials, as the chief prosecutor in one of the follow-up trials to the main tribunal that happened in the late 1940's, and he appealed to people listening to him to really turn away from war, to assert the principle of law rather than war. he pointed out that even now, 75 years on after the nuremberg trials, wars are still going on and atrocities are still being committed. phil: we will hear from the menu mention here, part of a prosecuting team, who helped to build a case -- we will hea from the man you mentioned here. >> mass murder, unprece

by the time he gets to nuremberg, he knows. we don't know exactly what he knows, but he knows enough. but in london he's flying blind, and this is a big problem. so one thing i wanted to make clear in terms of both of these things, the soviets are not expecting a trial the way that we think about a trial. the soviets' experience is more with a show trial in the sense of a trial where the script is known from the start. they were very surprised to learn that the defense would be able to serve as witnesses on their own behalf and that they'd be able to call witnesses. they thought that evidence that they introduced would stand. because of article 21 in the charter which said that evidence produced by new war crimes commission would, was accepted, but they thought that this meant that the defense could contest it. so what i'll start with now, in the working out of the indictments the soviets -- again, this is coming from moscow, this is coming from stalin, it's coming from the head of the secret commission, it's coming from the so

nuremberg.'m trying to get a good light so that i can see this. robert h jackson was the chief ounsel for the united states major war criminals at the end of world war ii at nuremberg. thomas j. with his executive trial counsel. -- thomas j dodd with his executive trial counsel and i was part of his staff and was the only one at the palace of justice when the defendants who had received the death sentence were executed. my assignment when i arrived in september 1945 london was, because i had been in oss, the defendant ernst kaltenbrunner, who was the head of the reich security office and the gestapo and the sd -- thank you, that is nicer, i can't see very well either. [laughter] anyway, we prosecuted organizations as well as defendants at nuremberg. ven before the case began, i had the opportunity to interview a man, a defendant named oldendorf. he had been captured by the british, i brought him to nuremberg and spent two or three days talking with him, during the course of which i asked what he

and why was nuremberg chosen as the location for this trial? well, there wasn't a building standing in berlin and there was a margin of to search for the purpose. and there was the palace of justice in nuremberg, it had not endured much damage. it could easily be remodeled to hold this kind of trial and it had a connection to a prison. and then herbert had a certain symbolic value because it was both the location of the mass of the nazi party rallies and also gave its name to the nuremberg laws, which provided the legal basis for the persecution of the jews in nazi germany. so as we heard from the german president from valve these events of 75 years ago, i have had massive ramifications over the years. it in legal terms that the nuremberg trials for this template for dispensing international justice. but you could just tell us a bit more about that. yes. the trials, after the trials was over, the united nations unanimously adopted what we called the nuremberg principles into international law. and so those who read that the 3 crimes that were c

the idea of the nuremberg trials was groundbreaking. law setting limits to the blatant abuse of power. it was the foundation for universal criminal law and international criminal justice an international order based on law and justice. it was also the foundation for a principle of universal jurisdiction. so that nowhere in the world, crimes and crimes against humanity should go unpunished. barry white is a historian at the united states holocaust memorial museum in washington. d.c. a welcome to how would you rate the significance of these events 7075 years ago? well, it was definitely a momentous historical event and really marked a nature and human quest for justice. they have been lots of arguments about whether these trials actually served justice. the defense argued that it was wrong to indict people for violating those that didn't exist when they committed the acts of which the bellator accused. but he is one of the chief prosecutors about trial. this is benjamin ferentz with a different take on the potential for injustice. actuall

and why was nuremberg chosen as the location for this trial? well, there wasn't a building standing in berlin and there was a margin of to serve for that purpose. and there was the palace of justice in nuremberg. it had not endured much damage. it could easily be remodeled to hold this kind of trial and it had a connection to a prison. and then herbert had a certain symbolic value because it was both the location of the mass of the nazi party rallies and also gave its name to the nuremberg laws, which provided the legal basis for the persecution of the jews in nazi germany. so as we heard from the german president from valve style maya these events of 75 years ago, i have had massive ramifications over the years. it in legal terms that the nuremberg trials for this template for dispensing international justice. but you could just tell us a bit more about that. yes. the trials, after the trials was over, the united nations unanimously adopted what we called the nuremberg principles into international law. and so those who read that the 3 crimes

the nuremberg trials became a historical milestone. they paved the way for the future international criminal court in the hague. well, today's commemorations took place at nuremberg palace of justice where those trials took place. german president from delta steinmeyer a gave an address emphasizing their significance thinks the nuremberg trials of the main war. criminals were revolutionary. they didn't just make legal history. they made world history. started nice but city known for the nuremberg rally in the race laws held a mirror up to germans. indic nuremberg confronted them in plain view of the world with the fact that naziism itself, including its conduct in war, was criminal and it takes too long. and for breaking it isn't ornon back if it weren't for nuremberg war lords from serbia, croatia, or rwanda, for instance, wouldn't have been punished for mass murder, torture, and rape. and genocide would not be prosecuted as a crime stuff to go on. and if it weren't for nurnberg, there would be no principle of international law. and n

let's begin by reminding our listeners when the nuremberg trials took place in what was the purpose? >> i also want to say thank you to the whole food workcenter and to you joshua, it's an honor to be here today. just to began the nuremberg trials also known as the international tribunal took place november 1945 through october 46 that we're coming up on the 75th anniversary. great britain and france and the soviet union got together with the former nazi leaders and organizations for conspiracy and war crimes and crimes against humanity this of course was the first of the nuremberg trials but those that happen and later were carried out by the us alone i just want to say from the start that's one of the reasons and the other reasons as well we can talk about. >> and with the allies when do they begin to discuss to hobos not see leaders responsible for their crimes? >> this began in the middle of the second world war. what i want to say one of the key arguments i want to make that nuremberg will not happen with the soviet union. soviets were the ones that are out in front calling for

simon young in nuremberg, thank you. on to other news and german drug develop our bound tech and its u.s. partner, pfizer are seeking emergency authorization for their corona virus vaccine in the united states. it's a 1st time such a vaccine has been put before the u.s. food and drug administration. and if approved, it would be a major step in the fight against the pandemic. the u.s. government expects a decision to be made in mid december, much faster than the normal 8 years in the firm say they would be, could be, could begin distributing the vaccine within hours of approval. azerbaijan's army says it's entered territory that armenia is handing over as part of a contentious peace deal. the agreement was brokered by russia and ended weeks of fighting in and around the disputed region of nagorno-karabakh. the peace deal has been controversial in armenia, but under its terms armenian troops have until the 1st of december to withdraw. the fighting is officially over, but normal life is still a long way away for those affec

in nuremberg, 20 ride to nuremberg, he said he'd lost his memory and it was impossible to get him to remember anything . once even had the idea to bring s. and during together has he already had as upstairs in the interrogation room. and then we got going and going with his old self. he came in and said, oh you know, you don't remember me. i was the rice marshal, i was the commander in chief of the loo, fluffer. i was the interior minister of prussia and so on. and to all that has said, i'm very sorry. i don't remember. and i think we need one of the former nazi foreign minister joachim phone. ribbentrop was accused of helping plan hitler's military aggression. he was also accused of involvement in war crimes and ordering deportations. he claims not to have known about these things and took no responsibility. ribbentrop was ambassador to britain until hitler made him foreign minister because the furore appreciated his serve iowa b.d.'s. hitler enjoyed taking him on walks at the nazi retreat in oversells bag. after the fall of the 3rd reich, ribbentrop spent weeks in hiding in hamburg

the palace of justice in nuremberg. after the 2nd world war, nearly $200.00 defendants were brought here to be held accountable for 12 years of dictatorship, military aggression, tara and mass murder. at the heart of proceedings was the international military tribunals which tried key war criminals from germany. the 4 victorious powers responded to the nazis once in a millennium crimes. with a once in a millennium trial, on nov 20th, 1945 some 20 high ranking nancy leaders were brought by elevator to the court in room 600. the former rights marshall hermann goering willingly took on the role of most senior nazi. he was followed by grand admiral carl dern, it's whom hitler had appointed as president of the reich in his will. and rudolf hess, hitler's former deputy. the defendants never showed the slightest remorse. it was part of their shots, their pride to insist that they were right all the time and would do it again. they stood accused of conspiracy to carry out wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against human

coming out reports, it looks at the post for nuremberg trials. i'm rebecca, written in the name from maine, and the entire news team can't, thanks very much for it was the 1st international tribunal in history. the number of trials 75 years ago, high ranking officers of the nazi regime of morning. judging by the allied forces, were the 1st criminals to be held accountable for their crimes. for the measure, count them on getting rid of a pair earlier. frazier. our 2 part series, the 3rd reich. the dog starts nov 12th. on d, w. germany in 1945, hitler was dead. his nazi regime had taken the lives of 6000000 jews. the country's leading representatives were to be held accountable for their actions by an international military tribunal for the 1st time in world history, $24.00 high ranking nazis were charged and made to stand trial in the german city of moore and back to school. with that plus a slew of students. i don't think you can consider the holocaust in terms of classical justice at all. that's in the end, there's no forgiving what happened. th

nuremberg, which holds such painful memories. 'd 'd the sweeping zeppelin grandstand in nuremberg, it was here in these purpose built grounds that hundreds of thousands of people gathered for nazi rallies led by adolphine. in the 1930 s. each year, some 300000 visitors come to see what remains of the nazi era constructions of these buildings, which is still here today in a way a document of the national socialist easier. but he leaked this means that as architectural relics, they represent a visual ideal for their own that the nazi regime. a sad state of the ruins, testified to a dark chapter of german history. if it's have been made to demystify them and field has even been opened up to leisure time activities. 'd that delicate balance between remembering the past and opening the space up for a new story. i don't know how much the stadium, the tribune, and the sports facilities around need, renovating the pitch works very well as a sports facility without the grandstand. and i'm also concerned that if it's not renovated now, it

the palace of justice in nuremberg. after the 2nd world war, nearly $200.00 defendants were brought here to be held accountable for 12 years of dictatorship, military aggression, tera and mass murder. at the heart of proceedings was the international military tribunals which tried key war criminals from germany. the 4 victorious powers responded to the nazis once in a millennium crimes. with a once in a millennium trial, on nov 20th, 1945 some 20 high ranking non-si leaders were brought by elevator to the court in room $600.00. the former rights mashal hermann goering willingly took on the role of most senior nazi. he was followed by grand admiral cardone. it's whom hitler had appointed as president of the reich in his will. and rudolf hess, it was former deputy. the defendants never showed the slightest remorse. it was part of their thoughts, their pride to insist that they were right all the time and would do it again. they stood accused of conspiracy to carry out wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against hum

more than $600.00 journalists from around the world followed the nuremberg trials. do new or do you mushy all you could hear was the translators machines. and. if a need for me it was a tense oppressive atmosphere. reach. that was also charged with shame. most fear the response to the major war criminals were indicted on the following charges conspiring to commit crimes against peace planning initiating and waging a war of aggression participating in war crimes and crimes against humanity. because i mentioned that articulated. all of the accused pleaded not guilty. god was just 14 years old when he was sent to auschwitz in 1944 along with his mother and his little sister both of them were killed in the gas chambers god survived. for 4 with girls we're going to talk to so i followed the proceedings and was gratified to see that at least the main war criminals were put in the dock by the allies. and that in the end they got the punishment they deserved. during the trial testimony from witnesses and documents show that the jewish victims had been murdered systematicall

the palace of justice in nuremberg. after the 2nd world war, nearly 200 defendants were brought here to be held accountable for 12 years of dictatorship, military aggression, terror, and mass murder. at the heart of proceedings was the international military tribunals which tried key war criminals from germany. the 4 victorious powers responded to the nazis once in a millennium crimes. with a once in a millennium trial, on nov 20th, 1945 some 20 high ranking non-si leaders were brought by elevator to the court in room 600. the former rights mashal hermann goering willingly took on the role of most senior nazi he was followed by grand admiral karl dern. it's who hitler had appointed as president of the reich in his will. and rudolf hess, hitler's former deputy. the defendants never showed the slightest remorse. it was part of their stars, their pride to insist that they were right all the time and would do it again. they stood accused of conspiracy to carry out wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.

in talking about the four nations who gathered at nuremberg, he said the following.e said that four great nations flushed with victory, and stung with injury, stayed the hand of vengeance, by voluntarily submitting their enemies to the judgment of the rule of law, was the most significant tribute that power ever paid to reason, a remarkable sentence in many ways when you think of it here, what they were doing in that event here and it was as a result of that event and the success of it that in many of the following events that occurred in europe, and post-war europe, that really were as a result of what happened at nuremberg in many, many ways, military historians would tell you the marshal plan would never have happened had it not been for nuremberg. nato, springing from that, the u.n. system which started already, but we were leading voice in force, the united states was, for the rule of law. and so these letters provide an historical context not only for an event that was truly the greatest trial of the 20th century, but also provided the context from which the st

but not all were present in nuremberg. the whereabouts of hitler's secretary martin bormann were unclear. the industrialist gustaf croup phone bolen, on how bad was unfit for travel, much to the annoyance of lead prosecutor jackson, who wanted a member of the group family to stand trial. he tried to charge troops, son, alfred, as a substitute. but the british stood in his way. the british officer gary neve handed over indictments in the cellblock. ribbentrop, said the charges were directed against the wrong people. rudolf hess wrote on his copy. i cannot remember. and going, wrote, the victor will always be the judge and the vanquished. the accused for calderon, it's the trial was just a whim of the americans. none of these charges affect me in the slightest. he said he named naval judge as his defense counsel and book shift. i was in hamburg and head of the legal department at the german mine clearance service. and i was called in to see the chief of staff and english captain dudish. he told me he'd received a telegram. d

and then he affirms the verdict of the nuremberg trial was just that's it. you're up to date. more news at the top of the hour d.w. news africa is next is more in the news off and on our web site details with you dot com. i'm jarred, draped over it. thanks so much to give us your country. people will make you rich. oil will provide you with jobs. the oil will take good care of, you may suggest the big oil for too cold on the west coast is coming up in 2007. investors make big promises, but years later, reality looks really cool. pictures, good drinking water shortage. you're going to go straight to our coal oil traverses starts december 4th. this is state of the union's africa on the program today, cold as 19 in africa. public health officials warn the continent is edging towards a 2nd wave as it. so apos is 2000000 confirmed cases. now with the best seen on its way is africa, really? it's a distribution and ministers and the election overshadowed by terrorism. looking, a fossil goes to the polls on sunday, but the large parts of the country have been affected by extremist vio

nuremberg, which holds such painful memories. 'd 'd this sweeping zeppelin grandstand in nuremberg, it was here in these purpose built grounds that hundreds of thousands of people gathered for nazi rallies led by adults. in the 1930 s. each year, some 300000 visitors come to see what remains of the nazi era constructions before these buildings which are still here today, are in a way a document of the national socialist easier. but he leaked this means that as architectural relics, they represent a visual ideal that the nazi regime, a sad part of the ruins, testified to a dark chapter of german history. efforts have been made to demystify them. and field has even been opened up to leisure time activities. ready that delicate balance between remembering the past and opening the space up for a new story. i don't know how much the stadium, the tribune, and the sports facilities around need, renovating the pitch works very well as a sports facility without the grandstand. but i'm also concerned that if it's not renovated now, it will

and the nuremberg trials remembered but 1st to azerbaijan. for weeks fighting over the nagorno-karabakh region, caused massive casualties and people were fleeing the conflict. now, following a controversial peace deal, some are starting to return to their homes every day. we don't know what we will do and where we will. we just came here because we have no other option. 50000 people could soon be dealing with up to $25000.00 refugees from nearby regions which are no longer under armenian control. so the people that people have come from the region and we have to explain to them this isn't big enough to provide for us. we have to live in villages in other areas, even for those who didn't leave their war. preparing for the return of his children and grandchildren during the fighting. the windows of his plastic sheets will have to do instead. the 65 year old says he and his neighbors lived in the basement for around 3 weeks . of the 1990 s. . it was really scary. we have to start over now. we don't have anything. we don't have work either. but w

still the nuremberg trials were a historic milestone. and they later pave the way for the creation of the international criminal court in the hague. was i and she give us poor g.p. from info but you only positive thing to come out of my father's criminal life was that due to him those 4 indictments were invented or found to put people like him on trial. for who wished him to. always carries a photo of his father who was sentenced to death and hanged whenever he feels just the tiniest sense of pity for his father he thinks about the images of auschwitz and that restores his belief that justice was served at the norm bad trials. we're all set. to go be on obvious. good marine lives. as we take on the world. we're all about the stories that matter to your country but what ever is. running out of touch lives. d.w. made for mines. in mexico many polish muslims are thrown out on the move right now climate change me different story. faces much less a way from just one week. how much worse can really get. we still have time to act i'm going to.

it's 75 years since the surviving leaders of nazi germany went on trial at nuremberg.ople. fergal keane reports on the legacy of the world's first international war crimes trial. the scarecrow wears the coat of a nazi mass murderer — placed there by a son who condemns the crimes of his father. my name is niklas frank. i am the son of the butcher of poland, hans frank, who was executed in the nuremberg trials in 1946. in a london garden, a woman mourns a murdered sister. they were monstrous. they were not human beings, those nazis. they were tried in the nuremberg trials. a few got a death sentence, but a lot got away with it. archive: judges from britain, america... it was a trial of crimes that defied the imagination. nazi leaders faced a court that established the principle of internationaljustice. 75 years later, we've been hearing from some of those who've lived in the long shadow of nuremberg. vengeance is not our goal. nor do we seek merely a just retribution. my name is ben ferencz. i am the sole surviving prosecutor from the nuremberg war crimes trials. ben is

the nuremberg trials became a historical milestone. they paved the way for the future international criminal court in the hague. joining me now is philip sands is a professor of laws and the director of the center on international courts and tribunals that university college london. mr. science, thanks for joining me. these trials were groundbreaking on so many levels and given the unique circumstances. what exactly was unique about the trial? well, it was the 1st time in human history that any international criminal trial had taken place. so it truly was a 1st and they literally had to invent new crimes to apply to these defendants. you mention crimes against humanity, but of course it was on this day 75 years ago that the word genocide was 1st used because it was created as a war crime. so it was a wholly original process untried, untested completely new waters. and i want to talk to you further, but before we continue, let's listen to 2 men that spoke to one, and that's survivor. and the other, the son of a nazi deputy, they told us

we still have time to i'm going this process the palace of justice in nuremberg. after the 2nd world war, nearly $200.00 defendants were brought here to be held accountable for 12 years of dictatorship, military aggression, tera and mass murder. at the heart of proceedings was the international military tribunals which tried to kill war criminals from germany. the 4 victorious powers responded to the nazis once in a millennium crimes. with a once in a millennium trial. on nov 20th 194520 high ranking non-si leaders were brought by elevator to the court in room 600. the former rights marshall hermann goering willingly took on the role of most senior nazi. he was followed by a grand admiral cogburn. it's whom hitler had appointed as president, the rice in his will. and rudolf hess, former deputy, the defendants never showed the slightest remorse. it was part of their faults, their pride to insist that they were right all the time and would do it again. they stood accused of conspiracy to carry out wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. the defe

and then he affirms the burdick of the nuremberg trial was just mr. sounds. we're heading back to you now. how just were these trials? they were also controversial. well, you know, i'm actually in nuremberg, i'll be attending this ceremony tonight with the president stand by, which is a great honor for me. and it was interesting for me to listen to nick. he helped me a lot on my book east west street. i was very surprised. the 1st time i met him, he said to me, you know, felipe, i'm against the death penalty in all cases except in the case of my father. and as you report, right, you know, it considers it to be just look, it wasn't a perfect trial. there were curious rules, english barristers were not allowed to act for the defense. and the german lawyers who represented the defendants had never really done cross-examination before in that english style. so it was far from perfect. i'm not starry eyed about it, but it was a lot better than the alternative, which was churchill's idea of lining up the defendant. and shooting them and what he did was it created t

nuremberg, which holds such painful memories. 'd the sweepings upland grandstand in nuremberg. it was here in these purpose built grounds that hundreds of thousands of people gathered for nazi rallies led by adolphine. in the 1930 s. each year, some 300000 visitors come to see what remains of the nazi era constructions of these buildings, which is still here today in a way a document of the national socialist easier. but a leaked this means that as architectural relics, they represent a visual ideal for their own that the nazi regime. a sad part of the ruins testify to a dark chapter of german history. efforts have been made to demystify them. visible and field has even been opened up to leisure time activities. that delicate balance between remembering the past and opening the space up for a new story. i don't know how much the stadium tribune and the sports facilities around need, renovating the pitch works very well as a sports facility without the grandstand. and i'm also concerned that if it's not renovated now, it will become a kind of memorial place of pilgrimage for any

once again, the whole world looked to nuremberg international military tribunals was to announce the fate of the accused nancy leaders. the accused entered the hall individually filming was prohibited, but radio reporters and newspaper journalists were allowed. cameron gearing was the 1st to appear on the current 1, 100 year with the marriage here on the grounds of the indictment on which you were being required to prove your claim on the grounds of the indictment on recruitment and you if you get each the fed came in and receive the set. it's some 3 were acquitted. 7 received very in terms of imprisonment or 12 for ex receive the death sentence that very solid room. they took the census lead. there was no outbursts in the courtroom of any kind. very formal of it. alfred. yodel wilhelm keitel fritz and culkin, bronner huns, frank and alfred rosenberg were also sentenced to death by hanging. martin borman was sentenced to death in absentia bulger phone. she wrote and i'll bet the state with 20 years in prison, calderon, it's got 10 years heatless vice chancellor franz fun, poppen. rig

i am the sole surviving prosecutor from the nuremberg war crimes trials.ustice done meant leaving all personal feelings aside. i was able to turn myself into a robot. i didn't see the people as being jewish or notjewish, they killed also communists, they killed gypsies, they killed any leaders of opposition parties and so on. i succeeded very well in regarding all the people who were victims as human beings. newsreel: frank was a willing and known participant in the use of terrorism in poland. among the notorious defendants was hans frank, governor of occupied poland, seen here in sunglasses. 4 million died under his rule. his son nicholas, pictured with his father as a child of the nazi elite, long ago denounced hans frank. really, i think my father had deserved the death penalty — for one reason — that he should himself experience the same death fear which he distributed about hundreds of thousands of innocent people. so many deaths to account for. ida bach was ten years old when she was murdered. she'd left her sister while in hiding in order to return

still the nuremberg trials were a historic milestone. and they later paved the way for the creation of the international criminal court in the hague. to give us the people an improper you know only positive thing to come out of my father's criminal life was that due to him those 4 indictments were invented or found to put people like him on trial. to to. nicholas fog always carries a photo of his father who was sentenced to death and hanged whenever he feels just the tiniest sense of pity for his father he thinks about the images of auschwitz and that restores his belief that justice was served at the norm bad trials. for. his mission building houses for the poor. a businessman in south africa wants to change and congress does for the better my sons will be replaced by a policy that's affordable and environmentally friendly bring me out of this cycle waste. for go. d. w. . these works of art are made using stamps not purses. impeccably captured by frederico. an artist with extraordinary technique. to create a perfect combination of. time

to be hanged after theyd to me, have done. >> nuremberg was a beginng.tory at its heart ofac mad minorities, intolerance stains and humanity still. >> you are watching bbc news. goodbye. narrator: funding fothis presentation of this program is provided by... language specialists teaching spanish, french and more. raymond james. the freeman founda on by judy and peter blum kovler foundation; rsuing solutions for america's neglected needs. and by contributions to this pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. girl: we are the curious. ♪ woman 1: wow! man 1: the aturous. man 2: oh! daniel tiger: grrr! woman 2: those venturing out for the first time. all: blast off! [rocket explosion] man 3: and those who have never lost our sense of wonder. man 4: whoa! man 5: are you seeing this? ♪ [quacking] vo: we are the hungry. cook monster: cookie! man 6: the strong. st muhammad ali: i e the greatest! ♪ vo: the joyful. bob ross: a happy little cloud. ♪ man 3: we believe there always . girl: more we can explore. woma3: we believe... man 6: ...in the capacity for go

they were tried in the nuremberg trials. a few got a death sentence, but a lot got away with it.ater, we‘ve been hearing from some of those who‘ve lived in the long shadow of nuremberg. vengeance is not our goal. nor do we seek merely a just retribution. my name is ben ferencz. i am the sole surviving prosecutor from the nuremberg war crimes trials. ben is now 100 years old. i don't need to repeat the horrors that i partially witnessed. he prosecuted the einsatzgruppen trial, the roving killing squads who murdered a million people. like leah epstein and her brother, max, ordered to strip before being shot in latvia in 1941. ben ferencz wasjewish but, despite the horror of the evidence, he believed justice demanded he set his personal feelings aside. i was able to turn myself into a robot. i didn't see people as being jewish or notjewish. they killed also communists, they killed gypsies. i succeeded very well in regarding all the people who were victims as human beings. frank was a willing and knowing participant in the use of terrorism in poland... among the notorious defendants

no one felt my father deserved to be on trial in nuremberg. but i had more the sense that he was rightly charged. on october the 1st $946.00 came the verdict, 3 were acquitted. 3 sentenced to life for got shorter prison sentences, and 12 was sentenced to death. the death penalties were carried out in the courts for much. i'm lazy, i'm soon off to the vitex, paid to god, just 14 years old at the time, father to the trial against the men who had deported him his mother and sister to the death camp at auschwitz. he was the only one who survived. i watched at the cinema, that's where they showed it. they didn't show the hanging. you just saw them lying in coffins with a black and white striped rope around their necks. and the thought came to me. it's a necktie that they all deserve to be. leashed as don't think we germans would have convicted those criminals at that time for or later for that matter. if allies did it for us, i don't know how the trials would have gone if they had been carried out in a german court. i'm dorchin get beached. the cha

nuremberg, which holds such painful memories. 'd 'd the sweeping zeppelin grandstand in nuremberg, it was here in these purpose built grounds that hundreds of thousands of people gathered for nazi rallies led by adolphine. in the 1930 s. each year, some 300000 visitors come to see what remains of the nazi era constructions of these buildings, which is still here today in a way a document of the national socialist easier. but a leaked this means that as architectural relics, they represent a visual ideal for their own that the nazi regime is sad and the ruins testify to a dark chapter of german history. efforts have been made to demystify them as their plan field has even been opened up to leisure time activities. 'd a delicate balance between remembering the past and opening the space up for a new story. i don't know how much the stadium, the tribune, and the sports facilities around need, renovating the pitch works very well as a sports facility without the grandstand. and i'm also concerned that if it's not renovated now, it wi

still the nuremberg trials were a historic milestone. and they later pave the way for the creation of the international criminal court in the hague. was i give both poor g.p. but you only positive thing to come out of my father's criminal life was that due to him those 4 indictments were invented or found to put people like him on trial. for you wish to teach. nicholas fog always carries a photo of his father who was sentenced to death and hanged whenever he feels just the tiniest sense of pity for his father he thinks about the images of auschwitz and that restores his belief that justice was served at the northern bad trials. exploring the range and. germany's most distance hiking trail. it's going to be exhausting and maybe my shoes will look like this. in this instance 170 kilometers a trail. again in the. next. session for spectacular pictures. their passion for nature it's their complete devotion that makes them the best wildlife photographers in the last. 5 adventurers. one goal the preservation of our planet. 45 minutes on t.w. .

still the nuremberg trials were a historic milestone. and they later pave the way for the creation of the international criminal court in the hague. because i and she give both poor g. people and in football you only positive thing to come out of my father's criminal life was due to him those 4 indictments were invented or found to put people like him on trial. for you wished him to. nicholas always carries a photo of his father who was sentenced to death and hanged whenever he feels just the tiniest sense of pity for his father he thinks about the images of auschwitz and that restores his belief that justice was served at the norm bad trials. style modern emo. males. electric. restoration retro classic. custom made electric power luxury. goods well suited to lovers of high priced like goods you read. exploring disagreeing. with germany's most distance hiking trail. it's going to be exhausting it may be my shoes it will look like this. in style. 170 kilometers a trail unspoiled nature again. in 60 minutes. of light years is on its way to

there in the courtroom at nuremberg, the holocaust had become an undeniable fact. you can do what you regard faced with harrowing testimony like that. the defendants united front began to waver during a lunch break during its declared at 1st, i was angry about being dragged into court because i knew nothing of these atrocities. now i'm satisfied because there was good reason to get to the bottom of things you know, early, much, 946 after 76 days of hearings, the prosecution concluded the evidentiary proceedings. for weeks, the defense attorneys had followed the prosecution's arguments occasionally making comments. all cross-examining witnesses. now it was their client's turn to either confess or to refute the evidence. in room 57 of the palace of justice, lawyers for the defense had the opportunity to talk to their clients. one in particular had been waiting for months for his moment in the spotlight. on march 13th, 1946 hammond during presented his version of the story, showing no remorse on the witness stand. he used the trial to convey his personal mythology to

the nuremberg trials are an historical milestone. they paved the way for the future international criminal court in the hague trials for an attempt by the international community to meet justice for those who had effectively been driving a nazi death machine with 2 men, one with survivor and the other, the son of a nazi to find out how they felt about tribunals in 1904 peter guard was 14 years old. when he, his mother and his sister, were deported to the auschwitz concentration camp. one year later, at the nuremberg trial, he recognised some of the men who sent them to the gas chamber. it was pure luck that he survived. but i followed the trial and felt great satisfaction, that at least the main were brought to justice by the allies. and that they finally received their just punishment. nicholas funk also experienced an unexpected end to his carefree childhood. his father, hans frank, was hitler's deputy in occupied poland. hans was one of the main war criminals dubbed the butcher of poland. nicholas was only 6 them. he was teased at

is the country heading for title of junctions. 75 years ago, the nazi war crimes trials began in nuremberg. they set a legal precedent on holding international leaders to account for that actions and laid the foundations for today's criminal court in the hague. thanks for joining us. azerbaijan's army says it has entered the 1st of 3 districts to be handed back by armenia as part of a contentious peace accord. the agreement was brokered by russia. it ended weeks of fighting over the disputed region in and around the corner car park. this it's week, killed thousands of people in all across the region in but populated by armenians, forces, backed by armenia later expanded their control over surrounding regions spot on the recent peace deal. as a john has recaptured its last territory and gained control of new regions shrinking effectively the borders of nagorno. karabakh amenia troops must leave the regions they've lost control of by december 1st, russian peacekeepers are being deployed to oversee this withdrawal. and for more on that joint, but you don't use any sherman, she's in the armeni

there in the courtroom at nuremberg, the holocaust had become an undeniable fact that going to work inspirit are faced with harrowing testimony like that. the defendants united front began to waver during a lunch break. during its declared at 1st i was angry about being dragged into court because i knew nothing of these atrocities. now i'm satisfied because there was good reason to get to the bottom of things. you know only months, 946. after $76.00 days of hearings, the prosecution concluded the evidentiary proceedings. for weeks, the defense attorneys had followed the prosecution's arguments occasionally making comments. so cross-examining witnesses. now it was their client's turn to either confess or to refute the evidence. in room 57 at the palace of justice, lawyers for the defense had the opportunity to talk to their clients. one in particular had been waiting for months for his moment in the spotlight. on march 13th, 946 hammond gurning presented his version of the story, showing no remorse on the witness stand. he used the trial to convey his personal mythology to the german pe

the palace of justice in nuremberg. after the 2nd world war, nearly 200 defendants were brought here to be held accountable for 12 years of dictatorship, military aggression, tera and mass murder. at the heart of proceedings was the international military tribunals which tried key war criminals from germany. the fall victorious powers responded to the nazis once in a millennium crimes. with a once in a millennium trial, on nov 20th, 1945 some 20 high ranking nancy leaders were brought by elevator to the court in room 600. the former rights mashal hermann goering willingly took on the role of most senior nazi. he was followed by grand admiral cogburn. it's whom hitler had appointed as president of the reich in his will. and rudolf hess, it was former deputy. the defendants never showed the slightest remorse. it was part of their stars, their pride to insist that they were right all the time and would do it again. they stood accused of conspiracy to carry out wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. th