abdullah abdullah and another, they are called the co—ordination committee to discuss what the future government would look like. but we haven't heard from the taliban. rumours would that one leader had landed in kabul. but he has not. we will have to see tomorrow as to when the taliban take over all of kabul as to what the next step fr them would be. —— step for them would be. a huge amount of uncertainty and anxiety, what about your own personal situation? what are you going to do. what can you do? again, as i said earlier, _ going to do. what can you do? again, as i said earlier, as _ going to do. what can you do? again, as i said earlier, as unsettling - going to do. what can you do? again, as i said earlier, as unsettling as - as i said earlier, as unsettling as all of this is, i do not want to abandon my country. i want to be here. i want to be able to have this discussion and here's to hoping that the taliban have it within them to have that discussion with academics, with people who represent the public. my friends have been stranded. some of them were trying to rush to the airport, only to realise later that the paths to the airports were closed and the flights were cancelled. others managed to get out. some tried to help me get out as well. but i thought others deserved it more and i didn't want the leave, not now and hopefully not ever. so... ithink the leave, not now and hopefully not ever. so... i think this would be a very, very long night for kabul, but we will have wait what happens. you had to take — we will have wait what happens. you had to take the decision to leigh or stay? —— leave or stay? had to take the decision to leigh or stay? -- leave or stay?— had to take the decision to leigh or stay? -- leave or stay? yes, and i'm hoinu stay? -- leave or stay? yes, and i'm honing that— stay? -- leave or stay? yes, and i'm honing that the _ stay? -- leave or stay? yes, and i'm hoping that the taliban _ stay? -- leave or stay? yes, and i'm hoping that the taliban stay - stay? -- leave or stay? yes, and i'm hoping that the taliban stay true - stay? -- leave or stay? yes, and i'm hoping that the taliban stay true to l hoping that the taliban stay true to their statement of tolerating different views of having the capacity to discuss and to change to evolve, to modernize and i think there will be a need for technocrats, even if the taliban don't see it, my students need lecturers like me, other afghans need people with talent, with experience, that can help not only run the state, but help society function. and that would mean some people like me sacrificing and staying behind. and then i hope that they see that and let us do our work, let us work for our nation. ok thank you very much. laurel miller is director of international crisis group's asia program, formerly she was the deputy and then acting special representative for afghanistan and pakistan at the us department of state. hello there. your thoughts first of all about the situation as it stands? ~ , ., , , ., stands? well, it is obviously an extremely _ stands? well, it is obviously an extremely fluid _ stands? well, it is obviously an extremely fluid situation, - stands? well, it is obviously an extremely fluid situation, as i stands? well, it is obviously an l extremely fluid situation, as your reporting has shown. there are the immediate questions of what is, i don't even think we can say transition to power to the taliban, because there isn't any transition happening, the taking of power by the taliban bgs what is that going tolike like, what will the situation be in the hours and days ahead? as someone, and in this case it can only be the taliban, attempts to ensure some kind of law and order in kabul and takes ensure some kind of law and order in kabuland takes up ensure some kind of law and order in kabul and takes up the seat of government. we are then entering a very uncertain phase and a whole new context in the afghanistan of what is taliban rule in this new situation going to look like? are they going to, what is their political vision going to be, are they going to re—establish the emrate as it was in the nineties and bring their emir to kabul, what is their political plan? they haven't said yet and more questions than answers on that front. talk said yet and more questions than answers on that front.— answers on that front. talk us throu~h answers on that front. talk us through us — answers on that front. talk us through us policy _ answers on that front. talk us through us policy in _ answers on that front. talk us through us policy in this - answers on that front. talk us i through us policy in this regard, this rapid withdrawal, president biden has come in for extensive condemnation for having gone about it in this ways, should he have foreseen this would happen? i it in this ways, should he have foreseen this would happen? i think it was pretty — foreseen this would happen? i think it was pretty clear _ foreseen this would happen? i think it was pretty clear that _ foreseen this would happen? i think it was pretty clear that president - it was pretty clear that president biden, given his long—standing views on afghanistan, wanted to end the us military involvement there. so the decision to withdraw is not a surprise. i don't think it really has a lot to do with the agreement that the united states under the trump administration signed with the taliban, that if anything was convenient for the biden administration, because it gave them administration, because it gave them a kind of coverfor a administration, because it gave them a kind of cover for a withdrawal decision that they wanted to make, because of how president biden calculates us security interests and doesn't rate afghanistan high on that. once you were going to have that. once you were going to have that decision to withdraw, it was going to happen quickly in any circumstances and really what we are seeing happen right now is a crisis of confidence, a collapse of confidence by afghans, the security forces, the political elite and the population in their own government and their own system being able to endure in the absence of the american presence. you endure in the absence of the american presence.- endure in the absence of the american presence. endure in the absence of the american resence. ., , ., ., american presence. you will be aware that comparisons _ american presence. you will be aware that comparisons are _ american presence. you will be aware that comparisons are being _ american presence. you will be aware that comparisons are being made - american presence. you will be awarej that comparisons are being made with the us withdrawal from vietnam in the us withdrawal from vietnam in the 70s, do you think that is an apt comparison? the the 70s, do you think that is an apt comparison?— the 70s, do you think that is an apt comparison? the situations are very different in a — comparison? the situations are very different in a number— comparison? the situations are very different in a number of— comparison? the situations are very different in a number of ways. - comparison? the situations are very different in a number of ways. one | different in a number of ways. one way in which i think you could say it is apt is that there were wrong analysis up to the last moment of how long the existing situation could hold and how much time there would be to execute an evacuation of the embassy. i think it was more acute in the case of vietnam than what we have seen here, but nonetheless that misunderstanding of how rapidly the situation could deteriorate. you can see some parallel there. i think one thing that we do see that has been a kind of false comparison that has been perpetuated and infused american policy was the idea after the soviets withdrew from afghanistan, the afghan government could hold on, because the money from the russians kept going for three years, until the soviet union evaporated and the money was cut off. that led some to believe as long as the us and the west are giving money to the ashraf ghani government it could hang on for a period of time. that proved to be a false comparison and a grave miscalculation of its staying power. in terms of agreement signed between president trump and the taliban, the and afghanistan government wasn't part of that, was that a grave mistake?— part of that, was that a grave mistake? ~ ., ,., mistake? the afghan government wasn't art mistake? the afghan government wasn't part of _ mistake? the afghan government wasn't part of it, _ mistake? the afghan government wasn't part of it, because - mistake? the afghan government wasn't part of it, because the - wasn't part of it, because the taliban rejected the idea of negotiating with the afghan government until after it had negotiated with the us. and achieved its no i objective was an american commitment to a time line for withdrawal. it was a calculated risk the united states took that if it acceded to taliban demand for getting the foreigners to withdraw and then we will talk to the other afghans, that that concession could open up a window of opportunity for a peace process. it was a calculated risk, but the calculation turned out to be a wrong bgs there wasn't enough of a window of opportunity, probably not enough intent on the alban side and not enough interest on the afghan government's side to convert that opportunity into a real peace process. so in the end it did bolster alban morale and accelerated their legitimacy on the international stage and the us/taliban agreement accelerated the trajectory that was already in play of taliban rising in dpans. afghanistan. 50 of taliban rising in dpans. afghanistan.— of taliban rising in dpans. afuhanistan. ,, , ,. ., , afghanistan. so the us is scrambling to evacuate its _ afghanistan. so the us is scrambling to evacuate its citizen _ afghanistan. so the us is scrambling to evacuate its citizen and _ afghanistan. so the us is scrambling to evacuate its citizen and the - afghanistan. so the us is scrambling to evacuate its citizen and the us - to evacuate its citizen and the us has put in billions of dollars to shore up afghanistan and build a civic society whashs, what do you make of antony blinken saying the mission has been successful? the biden mission has been successful? tie: biden administration is mission has been successful? ti9: biden administration is lying the emphasis on the successes achieved in terms of counter terrorism and going after al-qaeda, decimating al-qaeda, it is degraded and pointing out that osama bin laden was killed ten years ago. he was it bears mentioning he was killed in pakistan and not afghanistan. there was a second part of the mission from the start and that was regime change. the bush administration decided to go after al-qaeda and the terrorists and to eliminate the taliban regime and judged it essential there not be taliban rule in afghanistan any longer. from that, flowed all of the investment you referenced and what is called the nation building mission. that has clearly been a failure. there were gains that were made for afghan people over these years in terms of education, health, women's rights, how long the gains will endure is in question. so there was a two part mission by the united states in afghanistan. counter terrorism, and regime change. the first had some successes, the second distinctly not, because we are back to where we started 20 years ago. good not, because we are back to where we started 20 years ago.— started 20 years ago. good to talk to ou. started 20 years ago. good to talk to you- thank— started 20 years ago. good to talk to you. thank you _ started 20 years ago. good to talk to you. thank you for _ started 20 years ago. good to talk to you. thank you for your - to you. thank you for your assessment. with me now is bbcjournalist zarghuna kargar who is from afghanistan and has been speaking to residents in both kabul and jalalabad. what have people been saying to you. there is a total sense of chaos, people are worried, people are scared. i have been speaking mostly with women. they're terrified of what is coming next for them. i was speaking to up ing to one of my friends in kabul. she went to the bank to get some money, she has been trying to leave the city for a while and she wasn't able to leave. she went to the bank and the bank said you can go home, there is no money in the bank. she said when i came out of the bank, the streets were empty and people were getting off the car, running back home. she said she went home and she feels so hopeless. it is heartbreaking to speak to my friends. my friends who have worked so hard in the last 20 years to progress, to get education, to learn, to help the society and the community, they'rejust, the morale is so low. it is just so sad. and i'm also speaking, have been speaking to mothers of army families. and one mother told me that her son was, who was guarding the jalalabad airport, she can't make contact with him. they are telling him he might be safe. but it is heartbreaking to not know how your child is doing. she said that since this morning, she is hearing planes going over kabul, they live close to the airport, and she felt that everyone is leaving and they're left behind, abandoned. terrible scenes and terrible stories. [30 left behind, abandoned. terrible scenes and terrible stories. do you think that this — scenes and terrible stories. do you think that this fear _ scenes and terrible stories. do you think that this fear in _ scenes and terrible stories. do you think that this fear in this - scenes and terrible stories. do you think that this fear in this time - scenes and terrible stories. do you think that this fear in this time of l think that this fear in this time of uncertainty, do you think the fear is strongest among women? alert; uncertainty, do you think the fear is strongest among women? very much, women were _ is strongest among women? very much, women were the — is strongest among women? very much, women were the main _ is strongest among women? very much, women were the main victims _ is strongest among women? very much, women were the main victims of- women were the main victims of taliban regime. women were the main victims of the the mujahideen regime. there are so many widows and so many women who worked hard to build a community of educated women, there were so many girls go to school, they don't know what the next minute holds for them. can they go to school tomorrow? they don't know. are they allowed to go to university, they don't know. we hear some women were told to go back from universities by the taliban, where they have taken over. there is a sense of fear and when you see everyone leaving it is just heartbreaking and it is like really scary, i have been there myself when in the nineties i was a kid and my father hold on to our home and to what we had and we said it is going to be fine. the mujahideen are coming, but we will fine, there will bejobs and life coming, but we will fine, there will be jobs and life for us. and we saw all his friends leaving. some went to russia. some went to india. we were left behind. sometimes my mother still blames my father for all the suffering we went there, we became displaced two times in afghanistan, and then went to pakistan as refugees. we made it to england. but we were late and when you hold on to things and there are, i speak to so many of my friends, they're in the same position that i was in the nineties as a child and it isjust so was in the nineties as a child and it is just so heartbreaking not to be able to go back to your home. not be able to go back to your home. not be able to go back to your home. not be able to... sleep in your own bed. as a child. and i have been there. and just... as a child. and i have been there. andjust... so as a child. and i have been there. and just... so hard to keep hopes high, orto and just... so hard to keep hopes high, or to keep... and just... so hard to keep hopes high, orto keep... to and just... so hard to keep hopes high, or to keep... to keep the momentum of feeling that it is going to be fine. the momentum of feeling that it is going to be fine. , :, :, :_ momentum of feeling that it is going to be fine. , :, :, :, to be fine. the events of today and this art to be fine. the events of today and this part week— to be fine. the events of today and this part week are _ to be fine. the events of today and this part week are stirring - to be fine. the events of today and this part week are stirring up - to be fine. the events of today and this part week are stirring up a - to be fine. the events of today and this part week are stirring up a lot | this part week are stirring up a lot of memories and emotions for you clearly, among the people that you have been talking to, is there any sense, any realistic sense that the taliban might have change d from the regime in the nineties or are people sceptical? regime in the nineties or are people sce tical? , regime in the nineties or are people scetical? , ,: , , sceptical? highly sceptical. it is 'ust like sceptical? highly sceptical. it is just like seeing _ sceptical? highly sceptical. it is just like seeing the _ sceptical? highly sceptical. it is just like seeing the reality - sceptical? highly sceptical. it is just like seeing the reality and l just like seeing the reality and hearing from people, hearing from women in provinces, just a few weeks ago, i spoke to a woman artist in kabul. she said in her province where the taliban has entered, midwives who are essential workforce for looking after mothers and babies, they were not allowed to go to work. how can they trust a force like this, that we see example, we hear women being forced to marry and sold and to stop from education. how can they trust? it will be very hard to see the the reality and to see what is coming next that is going to change. how have they changed? in the last few weeks all i have heard from the people i have been speaking to, they say the taliban haven't changed. they're more scary and we feel like they're coming with a same force that they came in the nineties. force that they came in the nineties-— force that they came in the nineties. , :, :, :, :_ nineties. so you feel a long way from afghanistan, _ nineties. so you feel a long way from afghanistan, i _ nineties. so you feel a long way from afghanistan, i should - nineties. so you feel a long way from afghanistan, i should say| from afghanistan, i should say you're speaking to us from the uk, but you are in touch with people there. what are you going to do, are you just going to keep in touch with people and try to reassure them. fits people and try to reassure them. as an people and try to reassure them. 93 an afghan woman who has dedicated her life for work of education of girls and women, i will try to help them get out. because i don't know... they feel scared. they feel terrified. they feel that... i will not be able to do what i did. in one familyi not be able to do what i did. in one family i see five young men losing jobs. they were all working for kabul police, for military, you can imagine how the cycle of poverty is coming in. they don't know if they will be allowed to work in the police force again, or will they be able to move freely in kabul. so it is very hard to keep... a feeling apart from what is going on in my country and with my people. thank ou. thank you for talking to us. thank you. general sir richard barrons was commander ofjoint forces command for the british military from 2013 until 2016. shejoins us now on bbc news. thank you so much for giving us your time. your assessment of the first of all of what is going on and where we are. ~' of what is going on and where we are. " , of what is going on and where we are, 4' , , of what is going on and where we are. ~ , , : :, are. so, i think it is very clear that the afghan _ are. so, i think it is very clear that the afghan government | are. so, i think it is very clear i that the afghan government we are. so, i think it is very clear - that the afghan government we have supported for 20 years has collapsed. i don't think there will be a transition to some sort of interim government, i think we'll the establishment of a taliban led islamic emirate in the next few days and i think we will then see the taliban allow, and i use that word carefully, allow the west to remove its diplomats and its other entitled personnel and that'll be that. 50. personnel and that'll be that. so, the t-rou personnel and that'll be that. so, the group that — personnel and that'll be that. so, the group that has been got together of hammered karzai, abdullaht think they have any cards to play in a situation where the taliban are in kabul, president ashraf ghani has left, the army has collapsed, the police has collapsed, what is there left to discuss? hater what is there left to discuss? how do ou what is there left to discuss? how do you feel _ what is there left to discuss? how do you feel about _ what is there left to discuss? how do you feel about the _ what is there left to discuss? how do you feel about the way that my caddie feel about the policy of withdrawal and secondly the way in which the withdrawal has happened of western forces and the western presence? it western forces and the western resence? , ,:, :, western forces and the western resence? , :, :, , :, presence? it is important to be a little nuanced _ presence? it is important to be a little nuanced about _ presence? it is important to be a little nuanced about this. - presence? it is important to be a little nuanced about this. two i little nuanced about this. two thing