the segregation combined with the depression has pushed african-american employees, african-american workers out of places they had formerly occupied. what this means in places like st. louis or birmingham or new york or philadelphia, urban centers, is places where black communities reside. african-americans are not working in stores and businesses and shops in their own communities. right? and so, for instance, in the 1930s, adam clayton powell who will go on to become a powerful congressman spearheads a series of don't buy where you can't work boycotts in harlem, for instance. and so that's one example of the efforts to, again, get included in the mainstream of american life. other efforts, the naacp created in 1909. by the 1930s, they're in the process of chipping away at legal segregation. again, this is an organization primarily dedicated to the legal route of getting rid of segregation. segregation is a legal entity. let's make it unconstitutional. and that's going to be a two-decade battle. but in the 1930s -- beginning in the 1930s, the naacp begins to make significant stride

so again, african-american newspapers are filling a crucial role for african-american communities and they're covering all of the news that papers end up covering. whether it's the paparazzi, and whether it's baseball and the negro league information and whatever it is, right? you know if it's really important and you have national or international political implications for black folks or whether or not jackie robinson came to town for a gala event the other day. the black press is covering black america because mainstream newspapers are not doing this work, and so with the advent of migration and more african-americans leaving the south and coming to the north, we're seeing increased coverage, right? we're seeing a massive increase in circulation. so black newspapers go from a circulation of 300,000 copies in the 1920s to over 1.8 million in 1945. 1.8 million in 1945. and so what we see is that these papers are reflecting the attitudes of its readers, right? black folk are clearly fed up with the double standard of discrimination and this is becoming blazingly evident again as we fi

during that time, early african-american leaders went to of vanderbilt -- a lot african-american craftsmen were helping build the biltmore estate. approachedleaders mr. stevens about building a space for them. -- was a multipurpose building. on the first floor it was all businesses. up top, they had a gym and a swimming pool. the library for african-americans was here. jewel, likel stevens lee. and the sole purpose was recreation and economic purposes. said we mr. vanderbilt don't -- i don't want the building anymore. you have got to come up with the money to get the building. those same african-american business owners and leaders had to pull their money together to purchase -- and it becomes community property. from 1906 to the integration period of the 1960's, it was a booming destination. but when you talk to some elders, they would say, integration was the most devastating thing to black businesses and education. a lot of businesses took a downturn during integration, and so did -- the building was scheduled to be condemned and torn down. individuals in a group of churches, both black

do you know when african-americans first came to the area? >> there has always been an african-american presence here in the mountains. people come in to town and say where are the black people? we started doing this study and started saying african-americans go back to the very founding of asheville. it was more so in the earlier days than what we have today. what the know population of african-americans in the community is today? noun -- aree are a around 9%. people feel because of the amount of gentrification that a lot of african-americans are moving out of the city and further out into the counties or moving altogether. >> when did you come back to asheville and why did you start doing these tours? >> i moved back in 2001. on the phone me and said i want you to come back. so i came back. when i moved back the neighborhood my family was in for over 100 years was drug infested. it was like wow. i used to come back here in the summertime to go relax. this is happening back in the 80's. there is a lot of craziness in forcedghborhood and it m

history, military history, and african american intellectual history. was praised as a landmark study and won numerous awards, including the 2011 award, legacy foundation and the 2011 distinguished book award from the society for military history. aftermath of the --, he co-edited the charleston syllabus, which was circulated among history teachers and faculty and was recently published by the university of georgia press is the charles ton syllabus. he is currently leading a study of w.e.b. dubois in world war i. i can think of no better historians to guide us through a conversation on the relationship of citizenship and protest in the american past. please give a warm welcome to our panel. [no audio] -- [applause] thank you all for coming out. gavin, forclaire and getting the ball rolling and coming up with this idea, and to john, crystal, and chad for agreeing to be part of it. forre going to each talk seven-10 minutes, no more than that, and then we will talk to each other. then you will talk to us and we will talk to each other. protests tonight is

when the african-americans obliged, he sang along with them. mary dines reported that he was so tenderhearted, his eyes filled up when he went over to bid the real old folks goodbye. he was, she said, no president when he came to camp. he just stood and sang and prayed just like the rest of the people. lincoln was cordial to the black employees at the white house. resident wells, a seamstress recalled that he treated the servants like people and would laugh and say kind things to them. echoing her, the performance -- the former slave elizabeth kettner, mrs. lincoln's dressmaker and confident told a journalist that i love him, that is the president, for his kind manner toward me. he was as kind and considerate in his treatment toward me as he was to any of the white people about the white house. the best example of lincoln's solicitude for black staff members is his treatment of william johnson, a valet/barber who accompanied the first family on their journey from springfield to washington in 1861. at first, johnson worked at the executive mansi

he wrote about african americans in the war, african-americans and lincoln. and i have in my own way gone back in a couple of issues that he wrote about to see if there was more to say. in two major areas, i found there was and i have written articles that are like scholarly articles about -- that expand on what he was doing. because of digitized newspapers and the kind of range of questions we can ask now, i think, i have been surprised at how much scholarship there still could be about lincoln and race and lincoln and african-americans. if people could just go beyond the stories that get told over and over again. go back to primary sources and use the sources at our disposal. i think there is more to say. >> obviously the answer we wanted to hear. what is your next project? kate: i am working on a book about the origins of the 14th amendment and the antislavery movement. i have written a lot about reconstruction but this book is about going much earlier and talking about the things that ended up in reconstruction policy, especially the 14th amendment, had t

african right does to be many things you know then and african right-o. is somebody other african writers consider to be an african i just use their own both way of saying that let african writers be many things have multiple identities and same thing with off going to torture about you chris when i think you would be if they don't believe i was an african writer then where would i be doing that african writing or selling. for it but no it's i am and. i'm african i'm the jury and i'm a bow on pot english so i am i am this complexities like mccomas same but i'm hot i suppose i am an african right and there's nothing wrong with being that certain so at least with a quick word about the political situation in kenya in kenya at a bitterly contested election last year is the country likely to put itself together well the political elite wheel out a minimum rate if you look at the presenter who and also the opposition leader raila odinga they are part of the same class if you think of the definition of close as people who go to the same schools you know when to

for african-americans in the southern states the situation is dire. in mississippi alabama and georgia white racists are terrorizing blacks. as bombing homes lynching innocent people and murdering schoolchildren all because of a leaf and as a period of the white race. on his way to the hotel came stops at the lincoln memorial where he will deliver his speech the following day. one hundred years before president abraham lincoln freed the slaves but the abolition of slavery did not bring about equal rights for african-americans. gays the exit. king will deliver his message with the majestic statue of lincoln seated behind him . lincoln wanted to light the beacon of freedom for millions but in the late summer of one thousand nine hundred sixty three the reality is very different in the south blacks are segregated from whites on buses and packs and restaurants many a turned back at the voting booth when they are able to find. work the jobs of only paying. in response king takes every opportunity to call for nonviolent civil disobedience but stop short of

it he free african-americans? do this was one of many policies that led and peoplencipation in slavery were breaking their bonds. they were leaving slavery. they were refusing to work and andng towards union lines making slavery untenable on the ground. so in very many ways, they freed themselves or at the very least put things in motion. they put a problem in motion that the government was not going to be able to solve. they made it impossible to do anything other than move towards emancipation. >> that is a good way to end. thank you so much. thank you dr. masur. [applause] thank you all. i'm the executive director of the cottage. thank you for coming to the cottage and we hope to see you again really soon. take care. announcer: this week is the 50th anniversary of martin luther king jr.'s assassination. onn us for live coverage c-span and american history tv on c-span3. on c-span tuesday at 1:00 eastern we're live from the university of memphis holiday in with taylor branch and then on wednesday at 4:30 p.m., l

economic institutions of the african development bank of the african monetary fund africa with them develop its own solutions and develop its own lending programs to address its own problems so africa was in good daffy's view. with gadhafi the leadership increasingly becoming something of a bloc. rather than a series of disparate individual nations that could be dealt with one on one and set against each other. when gadhafi was elected chairman of the african union in two thousand and nine u.s. officials squared concerns in an embassy cables revealed by wiki leaks they noted that libya will seek to use our chairmanship to aggrandise him and promote his united states of africa proposal. u.s. multinationals were also unhappy with the libyan leader especially his decision to cancel it one billion dollars deal with the bechtel corporation the largest engine e.-ring company in the us with powerful connections in washington. the fact that an operator with bechtel's connections and deep pockets was ultimately unable to secure its contract serves as a caution airy tale for the many u.s. and

legacy and as we say in african culture. a gigantic tree has fallen and this is the winnie mandela tree that provided shades for the people of south africa for the people who are in struggle they used to round under this tree for refuge for shade and for security. that is what women della provided to the millions of people in our country we are served this three has finally fallen thank you very much. and we've just been hearing from save cyril ramaphosa the president of south africa there outside the home of winnie. mandela who was died earlier on monday afternoon welcome you're watching live from london we'll be following this developing story now let's cross straight to catherine soy she joins us live now from so where to i mean you've been there for a few hours catherine as people have been gathering outside. mandela's house tell us what you made of the words of cyril ramaphosa really was outlining the legacy that winnie mandela leaves behind. the. year me. catherine so i live for a sin so whether we're people have been

the search for the african strain took months. but then the breakthrough.hey found a frozen sample taken from an infected african mosquito in the seventy's. the last one that started the ball rolling we now had access to the strain that first appeared on the african continent in a chest the toxicity the researchers cultivated brain cells similar to those used by professors who are leming. and hungered some in baltimore they infected some with the african virus and others with the new brazilian virus they expected to find that only the brazilian strain attached nerve cells that would explain why there was no microcephaly epidemic in africa despite the presence of sica but the findings came as a surprise the african virus also infected the brain cells. of almost dispersal we couldn't understand the results because they were the very opposite of what we had expected so we carried on looking ever more closely at the african strain. they repeated the studies only to confirm that the african virus is just as infectious as the brazilian one if anything it seems ev

and israel suspends a deal with the un to resettle african migrants to western countries while italy and germany say that they are unaware of any such agreement. are broadcasting live from our studios in moscow this is our two international thomas certainly glad to have you with us now the russian foreign minister says the u.k. has gone too far with its accusations over the poisoning of sergei screwball and his daughter are often joined my colleague khan brain a studio earlier to discuss the latest statement from sergey lavrov. that if you will not be possible to get away from the question since that's obvious no one else is on british colleagues have. you just described the russian foreign minister has focused in detail on everything going on in this cripple case first and foremost he said that he's very glad that the daughter of the russian citizen yulia recovering and he's also said that he hopes that her father on the mend to also he has stressed. russia still has a lot of questions that has asked repeatedly but which remain unanswered pretty much russia even wrote an official ma

over the coming years it is after all african c.e.o.'s who are most closely in touch with the opportunities in neighboring countries so we do expect to see is a theme that much more cross for the investment however it's also necessary. to take a border macroeconomic look at this for most countries in africa there is still a need to dramatically scale up the investments that we're likely to see either on the public side or the private side the fact that we're seeing other african businesses more interested in investing in the neighboring countries is a good thing but it can never be the complete response to the challenge that exists and that is that most sub-saharan african countries are still in need of a great deal more investment than they are currently seeing where are the surpluses going to be generated there's certainly going to be a case for investment from the rest of africa as well as the rest of the world and what about the african companies themselves. there is an expectation broadly that some of those very difficult financial

and that's what we african-americans don't do.just blindly click for the democrats and we hate the republicans, and there are good republicans. there are republicans who have done amazing things for the african-american community, but there need to be a lot more. >> to president trump directly reached out to african-americans during the campaign. what do you have to lose? you remember that. he now touts the unemployment rate. isn't there something to that? >> that kind of outreach to me is disrespectful. what do you have to lose? that's not outreach. you need to go talk to people. you need to engage people. >> black unemployment, i should say. >> i would say that is the obama rollover effect. president trump has sustained it and he gets credit for that. it's not increasing. and it's here, but we know that those numbers have a lot behind them. many people stopped looking for jobs. there is underemployment. there are educated african-americans with all the degrees they were told to get that still face race discrimination, gender dis

african continent. as you remember. you know one twenty two went up to the quarter finals i think that they can only do better we spoke to. were at liverpool in liverpool. that generation of players in two thousand and two were vitally important in his love of the game so i guess again from an african perspective it's important for all of those nations to inspire the next generation of african football is it within. europe and best in many african players so it's normal that when they come back home to play for their country that they don't but they have the same level of commitment. with a country so i have no doubt and i really hope that that will be the case that african teams that will be really going very far in this competition how important is it for russian sport for the host nation to have a good tournament while i think what we experienced during this. twenty seventeen. configuration. very strong and what a world cup. by russia could be i really was fascinated by the level of. and more importantly about the wo

the globalization piece, fewer than one in 10 african-americans has been to the african continent.some of us have not been out of this country or if we go we go to the caribbean which is fine. that would be some of donna's punch. but basically we don't speak languages. so we're not prepared to compete. when we talk about innovation we're really talking about thinking outside the box. i love the folks who are teaching people coding, things like that. how come we don't have more young african-americans doing apps? these people are making tens of hundreds of thousands of dollars if not millions with apps? we have to look at that in terms of innovation. we talk about moving down to entrepreneurship, we have to look at difference between sew proprietor corporations and larger corporations. we want to all start a business. we're sitting on top of our assets, a-s -- barbara with all due respect, my assets sit on my assets. i where my clothes that's all that i have. we all talk about getting together, getting together or merging across black business, we talk about something far more power

african-americans were overcome with grief and gripped by rage. despair sees arthur newbie, an 18-year-old who attended hamilton high school in memphis. a lot of the world and completely, he wrote. i thought there was no reason to continue living and above all, i wanted to kill myself. foul deed, or in this world, he wantedto opt out of it. wthe classmate 17-year-old frankie gross broke down in tears. >> grows new that people all over the world more and i felt better knowing it . at the same time, he realized that a violent anger was surging through the black neighborhoods of memphis . you can see and feel the hate in the negro community after the assassination . people took guns to work the next day, waiting for a white person to do anything wrong. othe actions of law enforcement officials only intensified this theory. national guard rose through the city in tax x and attempted to seal up african-american neighborhoods. the black felt doubly victimized. their leader was slaughtered by a white assailant and they were treated as criminals. in the d

i look to a lot of african-american intellectuals. people like w.e.b. dubois, and william montague cobb, an anatomy professor at howard university and the first black physical anthropologist. he uses a lot of medical and anthropological knowledge to make arguments about what racial difference really does and does not do and how things like eugenics can be used to mobilize those for a greater good. susan: tell me about w.e.b dubois. ms. nurridin: he is interested in thinking about how the collective race can be improved on a social level through education and on a biological level. it is usually framed as a kind of respectability politics in terms of education and religion and moral improvement. there is a biological underpinning about who is actually fit enough to constitute this talent population. i have a number of interesting little nuggets from his work. one was an article from margaret sanger's birth-control review where he published in a special issue thousand titled "a negro number" about black people in -- and birth-control. the concluding sente

as we say in african culture. a gigantic three has fallen and this is the women the lottery that provided shades for all the people of south africa. twelve members of one family have been killed in a saudi led coalition air strike in yemen seven of them were children the missiles hit a housing complex in the hoofy held city of who data israel's prime minister has suspended a deal with the u.n. to resettle more than sixteen thousand african asylum seekers in europe and north america benjamin netanyahu made the u. turn within hours of announcing the agreement under pressure from members of his government. protests is afoot again as security forces in indian administered kashmir after curfews were lifted. or it isn't closed schools and blocked the internet following a weekend of violent protests and gun battles that left twenty people dead doctors on monday said they treated several people with eye injuries who were hit by a pellet gun fire demonstrators have been demanding an end to india's control of kashmir. and t

had been freed but no african-american virtually no african-american certainly in the south had not known generations of slavery so at some level we are fighting the same battles that we've been fighting before and it's not because we're failing now it's just because of the prevalence of the of the both the discrimination and i think the dehumanisation of african-americans so when african-americans now are talking about economic equality of course we're talking about equality of opportunity and when we're talking about equality of opportunity that means a number of things giving us access to the educational resources the financial resources the ability to apply fairly for jobs the ability to to keep jobs without discrimination and it's actually very hard i think in this society that has really been built on the subjugation of african-american people and society is now reckoning with that problem to get short term gains in economic advancement when we're really dealing with such a hard problem having said that a number of african-american people men women have really moved into the m

the first african-american superintendent of general hospital number two, the hospital for african-americans. he interacted with cass welch and joe shannon. so he comes from the rabbit faction. those positions in those hospitals were political. welch and thompkins got into it one another over the management of general hospital number two. in 1922, the kansas city star reported that dr. thompkins had brought the old ramshackle institution of to a standard where it was approved by the american public health association, the american medical association. and then after that, shannon and welch and thompkins get into it with one another. he ends up resigning his suit -- is superintendents a. but there was another issue on the table, which was very important. tompkins, because the eighth ward was predominately african-american, in 1920, organized a rival democratic club in the eighth ward that rivaled welch and shannon and they did not like that. at all. and that was probably the reason why he resigned. pendergast, the tot faction, hired thompkins be the assistant commissioner of child hygiene and

coleman, a nationally prominent african american lawyer doctor. he purchased the property to construct a purpose building medical facility to serve bayview residents. originally from philadelphia, dr. coleman earned his medical degree from howard medical college in washington d.c. in 1944 and served as a doctor for the u.s. air force hospital from 1945 to 1948. following his service at the air force, dr. coleman relocated to san francisco and by the end of 1948, had established a private medical practice in the bayview becoming the bayview's first african american doctor and one of only a few -- a handful of doctors in the neighborhood in general. opening in 1960, dr. coleman's medical center reflected the style of the period and served as a modern symbol of community health, progress, and success. opening in 1960, dr. coleman's medical center reflected the style of the period and served as a modern symbol of community health, progress and success. he recruited a team of african american doctors to provide him in his vision of providing comprehend

on over the coming years it is all through all african c.e.o.'s who are most closely in touch with the opportunities in neighboring countries so we do expect to see is the theme that much more cross for the investment however it's also necessary. to take a border map pro economic look at this for most countries in africa there is still a need to dramatically scale up the investments that we're likely to see either on the public side or the private side the fact that we're seeing other african businesses more interested in investing in the neighboring countries is a good thing but it can never be the complete response to the challenge that exists and that is that most sub-saharan african countries are still in need of a great deal more investment than they are currently seeing where are the surpluses going to be generated that's certainly going to be a case for investment from the rest of africa as well as the rest of the world and what about the african companies themselves. there is an expectation broadly that some of those very difficult financ

fo five thousand years of world history, but especially african history. so thafor my children, their history didn't just start 300 icyears ago here in the am, their history started back in africa. >> we go hard on african american history, and culture, and again that's a reflection ou what i didn't know, you know. i didn't know much about africa, i thought afca was a country, you know. >> reporter: retired air force veteran sheva quinn lives in rural byron, georgia. she has been homeschooling her two daughters, seven-year-old zariah and six-year-old aniahe for st four years. >> so six times five is what? >> 30. >> reporter: like judy sarden, quinn emphasizes african american history, and has added a personal touch, tracing her family's d.n.a. to ghana. and she's doing it on her own as a single mother. >> being a sine parent is not sy on nobody. i mean, i'm not going to lie. e day starts at 3:00 o'clock in the morning, i'vbeen up since in00 o'clock this morning, getting breakfast getting lunch on, because you can't afford to eat out every day, like who doe

be part of african youngsters as they share their stories their dreams and their challenges.the seventy seven percent. platform conflicts. and. this is news coming to you live from berlin the leaders of turkey around and russia meet for a crucial summit on syria they say they'll focus on their common interests in the country the talks coincide with the big challenges on the ground in this seven year war as rebels are forced to leave their last bastion. also coming up. it's fifty years since the assassination of martin luther.

the south african community, the international community.t, from the family and those here with us today we thank you for your powerful and meaningful words, your powerful and meaningful words, your sincere gesture to the late mama winnie is a hard heartfelt one and we thank you. the family continue to appreciate the continued support, the support that we see here in front of us here in soweto. the support that continues to flow from every corner of south africa and every corner of the world. we thank you for the wii just hope and pray that during this time people continue to support the family and people continue to allow us the time to consolidate our efforts together asafamily to consolidate our efforts together as a family and the many stakeholders around here today so we can ensure our grandmother as the sendoff she deserves. we thank you is always. that was the latest official reaction from the south african president cyril ramaphosa and followed by the grandson of mama winnie. cyril ramaphosa just describing a gigantic tree that has f

african-americans. it was also religiously diverse, including jews, catholics, protestants. while as county official, he interacted with all those kinds of people in concert to its -- and constituents. what i want to accomplish in this presentation, it was not only truman's association with the machine that transformed him into this urban liberal, but also a re-energized democratic party in 1932 that appealed to women, younger voters, and african-americans. and for the machine, including women was significantly challenging. there was another article on the website that focuses on that. truman saw how these constituencies, women, younger voters, and after can americans, supported friend gwendolyn roosevelt and first election in 1932 in kansas city -- supportive franklin delano roosevelt in his first election in 1932 in kansas city. there is one of the category of experiences that harry truman drew upon in crafting his knowledge of book -- his political knowledge of different constituencies. those were th

israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu suspends a deal with the united nations over african asylum seekers just hours after announcing it on national television. so robin you're watching al-jazeera life my headquarters here in doha also coming up we'll have an update on a group of rohingya refugees who've arrived in malaysia by boat also. we as south africa are all in morning remembering south africa's former first lady we need mandela we take a look back at her legacy and friends deals with a national rail strike this expected to cause chaos for commuters. welcome to the program israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu has suspended a deal reached with the un's refugee agency which would have seen thousands of african migrants and asylum seekers resettled in western countries they had replaced a controversial plan that would deport them to a third country in africa charlotte dallas has more. israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu announcing on national television a solution for the future of thousands of african asylum seekers. is a unique agreement with israel let me move six