the support of scholarships in african-american studies provide the narrative of african-american political activism and national politics that exist within the bounds of reconstruction in of period post 1950s. the period in the middle, the time span my book is concerned with is considered a time of african-american inaction on the national political scene. it is often considered to be a time, in a year of race relations. the judicial freedom struggle froebel's -- struggles along these lines after the abolition of slavery, the period of reconstruction when african-americans were active participants in the political and social position. however democrats over took 7 government as true troops and stripped african-americans of their political, economic and social rights. the jim crow law, courts were introduced, finally the dominant narrative continued, unable to bear the oppression any longer with running conditions and propelled by the brown versus board of education decision african-americans in the south took to the streets in protest and finally forced the national government to detention

subsequently the supreme court displayed willingness to intervene on behalf of helpless african-american defendants. the number of precedent-setting supreme court cases. in the final analysis the naacp's struggle against racial violence, the american state does not hold a monopoly on the use of force and institutions can be places for state actors and marginalized groups to negotiate power. simply institutional development derives from the tension between powerful actors and those who contest and critique the projects they seek to implement. the naacp made a strong case for the growth of the federal government in its kind of innocent involvement around issues of racial violence. the effort that culminated in the landmark supreme court decision more versus dempsey exemplifies how the naacp created opportunities for civil society to challenge jim crow and how the organization push the federal government in a new direction. it set them on a new path. these were ordinary african-american citizens, sharecroppers, teachers and domestic workers and store owners unwilling to sit idly by and watc

thus, it was african-americans who helped to bring about a fundamental shift in american notions of rights, from the rights that taney had to discuss in dred scott, the rights of slaveholders, to the rights of enslaved persons. taney had relied on the fifth amendment of the constitution to emphasize the rights of property, but african-americans looked to the declaration of independence to champion the rights of all human beings. the passing of taney, the revolutionary nature of the times, and the role of african-americans in bringing about that revolution was probably most evident in the truly historic event on february 1, 1865, less than four month after taney's death, a month before lincoln's second inauguration, and two and a half months before lee's surrender at appomattox. on that day, john s. rock of massachusetts became the first african-american to gain admission to the bar of the united states supreme court. when he was admitted to practice by the new chief justice, salmon p. chase. the new orleans tribune, a black newspaper, took note with pride. the newspaper reported that he wo

the supreme court tried to intervene on the behalf of african american defendants. with the final analysis what it teaches us is the american state does not hold a monopoly on the use of force and the institution is for state actors and marginalized groups. but its initial development between powerful actors and those to critique from what they seek to implement. the naacp but a strong case with its involvement of the issues of racial violence. it culminated in a landmark supreme court decision to exemplify the naacp to create opportunities to challenge jim-crow and how the organization ultimately push the federal government in a new direction. these are ordinary african american citizens and willing to use it by a those that are equipped end they contested of what it meant to live in a democracy which government cares for all of its citizens. the supreme court decision would chip away at the system of the southern states to be the sole architects for recovery and justice. i went a little bit over. i apologize. [applause] questions? >> i am very interested in reading

it was african-americans bringing a unique vision to the possibility of what american democracy might look like. vernon jordan :howard, it was the west point of the civil rights movement. and the lawyers got that commitment to use this law, for the benefit of black people, and the ultimate benefit of white people. narrator :but training a group of qualified african-american lawyers was not enough. in a hostile legal environment houston needed a plan - a strategy. juan williams: houston had started to work with the naacp to look at exactly what was the best strategic approach to blowing apart, destroying the segregation structure in the country. narrator:the most significant obstacle in houston's way was the 1896 plessy vs ferguson supreme court decision which sanctioned the separation of african-americans on trains as long as they were provided equal accommodations. the plessy doctrine of "separate but equal" quickly spread throughout southern life in direct violation of the 14th amendment to the constitution. roger wilkins: until you got rid of that interpretation that the constituti

there has been torment in african-american communities for many years. i think what i'm hearing many times and i'm not charging the aclu with this, but the african-american community is back on which this industry for selling marijuana is being built. that's my opinion, that we're using -- they're being used to say, well, it's happening here and it's unfair, and if we have this dispensary and we're able to sell it to the same group of young people being impacted by it -- maybe not so much legally. when you start going into homes and you're talking to grand mothers, mothers, fathers about what they want for their youth and how their families have been impacted by this, i think you'll get a different story as to why we don't want these dispensaries. >> mr. brown, let's talk a little bit about young people because that's your focus, too. "the washington post" came out that certainly we're talking about 21 and over for this. but does it come with a message of approval? >> it does. when you send a message out to a child that, in fact, here is a drug that has

he was born free to free african-americans in manchester, but african americans all over used these new programs and resources. i loved alfred powell did, too! >> we've been talking about page s and talking about boys. it was all boys up until 1939, when for a day, we had a girl by the name of jean cox, appointed by her father. she served for the opening day in 1939. and was paid the going rate of $4.00. it was a symbolic appointment. but we do not see girls entering the page program for another, more than 230 years. not until 1973 when carl albert is speaker. he had become penpals with a young woman. the capitol and thought what a great opportunity. and saw they were all boys. and was told, we do not feel like this is the place for girls. at that age between six and seventh grade said that is not fair. canhe said, well, maybe we do something about that. when i went back to school in the fall, i wrote loaders to -- letters to mr. albert. and wrote letters for many years. day, when i was just about to graduate from high school i got a call from charlie ward, his administrative assistant.

men could vote, where about a third of the louisiana legislature were african-american, where african-americans were serving in government positions, serving on juries and in new orleans on the police force. the reconstruction governor integrates the new orleans police force. these are african-american members of the louisiana legislature during reconstruction and they were about a third of the membership of that body. here's pictures of african-american men in louisiana voting. after the military reconstruction act of 1867 and then the 15th amendment. here's a depiction of black policemen in new orleans. you can see the the man who wrote this book, a northerner, but it said the polite and efficient. for many whites in new orleans, it was almost too much to bear. their world turned up side down in a short period of time because of the civil war. this is a critical depiction of the new orleans legislature -- of the louisiana legislature at the time where the critics of the legislature depicted it as a place where former slaves in from the fields, illiterate, elected to office, run amuck within t

seven board of education members, two are african-american. 2% of a can americans are enrolled in gifted program. 100 arrests, african manner. african-american unemployment, 19 compared to 7 for whites. >> 32,000 median household income, 54,000 for whites. this is a legacy power structure white. regardless of what the evidence may have been, the frustration you're seeing is historical. >> it's not the trayvon martin case, trayvon martin was unarmed, unprovoked that's a different case not allegedly caught in a theft. >> it's a different situation, it didn't involved a police officer. this was a lot less, it seemed as if there was much more of a reason for racial animus in the trayvon martin case. this kid was coming back from going to the candy store. there was not a situation where there was a confrontation between a police officer and someone who actually was and eyewitness testimony established this who was confronting the police officer. ed makes a great point with regard to class, if we go back 20 years to the oj case, oj simpson was in the upper classes. he was a very rich man, and

the top of the corporate pyramid which is the board of directors. >> donald wants to see more african americansefinitely hispanic americans. you need asian americans and you need international people on the board. you need people from europe. you need people from china. from asia. so all of that, why? because everybody brings a different perspective. a different set of experiences. a different way of experiencing the world. and for a company to sustain success all the time its really good to have that thought process where they can appreciate the challenges that the management team has and can offer guidance and council. >> the $15 billion cruise giant getting blacks on corporate boards will mean taking action. >> it's requires proactive intervention and the reason is not necessarily because they might be trying to keep african americans out of the boards. it's just that the networks that get established and how people get chosen predetermine in many instances that there's a very small pool of african american candidates. so for example, a number of those larger corporations will have a criteri

history from the the african-american community that african-american spiritual leaders, male and femalep to the plate when it came for speaking up for voters rights, civil rights and making positive changes in the community. if somebody says that, they don't know their history. >> and so, in that sense then, why is it that polls -- souls to the polls matter? is it a moral imperative charge, or physically bodies at the church that moment and you can make the reminder to get voces in the vans and get over there. is it the organizational piece or the theological political argument? >> it's actually both. we're putting our theological beliefs to exercise practicality to make change in what's happening to our community. so we gather every sunday, and we're glad it's the first sunday this year. that's the most well attended service. we know many people will be gathering. and we always feel a responsibility. it's become a sense of community for us as well. where we can be with our brothers and sisters as well. and it's a celebration for us. it's a great idea that we can strongly support. and w

he has african-americans taking a pause and looking at him.cknowledged, democrats are saying, let's see. >> the party establishment is against him. >> that's separate. in terms of '14, he has done the best. >> do you agree with that? >> no. rand paul is going to run a great race. he's going to do bert than his father and he's not going to win. main street republicans win. you have jeb or chris christie. >> you think that's it? >> no. who had the best 2014? without a doubt, mitt romney. mitt was right on russia. mitt was right on iraq. mitt was right in the debate. it's really unbelievable. >> let me say this. i would argue in 2014, the other candidate we're leaving out here, john kasich. not in a tough race. he could be the governor. >> it's a great point. he won with 49% of the vote. >> this time he will win with 60. all right. quickly, i got a toy here. we can start picking the senate. the final ten are here. let's -- i don't know any democrats that think arkansas -- let's assume the polls are right on arkansas and let's assume the polls are

african-americans were seen as things.o it's very difficult when we look at the history of african-americans and the nation to move from a thing-oriented society, as dr. king said, to a people-oriented society. i think we have to have the conversation about the truth around race, what can do to improve and really bringing people together outside of the sensationalization and the notion of fear. we've had an us versus them mentality going on. >> and what we're seeing now is protesters across the country taking to the streets. trying to get that message back. it was muddied by the agitators who wanted to get on the streets in ferguson. but the peaceful protesters for the most part are trying to get that message out. the reality of being blahhing in this country. what is that reality? >> there's this unknown pressure that most people face. so if i am not black or african-american, i sometimes may speak from a place of bridged positioning without understanding the day to day struggle of what it's like to be profiled. even as a

the same kinds of kindness appear in interactions between union soldiers and african-americans. i could give an entire talk about the complexities and the coolest example of this difficult relationship as a group of african-americans following sherman's men. and insubordinate commander his name with jefferson davis, no relation order them to be pulled up so that the african-americans could not so then there chased by the calvary. so hundreds of them drowned in the swamp and others are recaptured. is a horrible incident. the story that i want to do tell comes out of the narrative from a man named moss who tells a fascinating story. he lived on a plantation 16 miles from sanders will georgia. and one of these mergers and then but then they came back touse deal everything they could get their hands on. but claiborne mons who was a child at the time was speeding office there's -- reading officers one night but then they took every horse and mule that we had. and it also took. we'll know if his uncle's name was been or not. but what we do know is that they got in a fight to give five

what can you really offer african american voters? >> well, what i've said i want more people to vote not less. harry reid and i have a law. number one impediment to voting is having a previous felony conviction. so i have good friend of mine, his brother 30 years ago grew marijuana plants, still can't vote in kentucky and when he applies for a job has to check a box sayingers convicted felon. i think nonviolent felonies from your youth, you ought to get your right to vote back. i spent a lot of time talking about with a bill to restore voting. >> schieffer: what about tightening up the voter i.d. laws. >> i think -- >> schieffer: should they be tighter? have to show all this -- >> i have mixed feelings. when i go in government building or meet eric holder i have to show my driver's license. i am not opposed to it. but for campaign theme if you want to get out they think that this is suppression somehow it's a terrible thing. but i think if you can get beyond that say, i also really think that we should restore the voting rights of th

and that crime in those neighborhoods, in african-american neighborhoods, not all african-american neighborhoodsbut many african-american neighborhoods, are higher and thus, you get more interactions with police officers, and bad interactions. >> you know, there is an element here that is real. i mean, there is no doubt, and giuliani was pointing this out. that most young black men are killed by other young black men. but as long as we're talking about personal responsibility, and insisting that each person, each party take care of what they can adjust, and stop complaining about other things, then we, as whites, it's time for us to not just complain about black irresponsibility, but also point to white irresponsibility. and we have tool boxes that can address some of these issues. i mean, we look at schools and how can we act weessquiesce in m where black kids today go to the worst public schools than white kids. that is profoundly unfair. and i don't think that it's that whites around the country are, that the problem is white racist, but i do think that we blithely accept a system that perpet

for example, i can tell you we per million were african-american. the problem is we're so disproportionately zpkcafflicte. our campaign is to get it up to 40%. that's asking a lot, but something we need to do because it will save live. >> david, i want to go to you and alyssa i'll come to you next. david, you are a recipient of a transplant. you underwent two liver tran plants. >> in the beginning before my first transplant, i was diagnosed with a disease which affects the bile ducts within the liver and after being diagnosed with that, i went on the waiting list for about 13 months before an organ became available for me, and going through that experience made me -- i had no idea of organ and transplant donation at that time, but that saved my life when i received that organ, however, the disease did not necessarily go away. i actually had a total removal of the large intestines in order to get rid of the disease but the disease didn't go away and it attacked me again and i had to have another liver transplant in september of 2008. and since then,

span iks are higher than they are for white americans.rop out rate fo african-americans and his span iks are higher than they are for white americans. 29.3% of white americans. and by the variety measures, african-americans and hispanics enter college less ready and prepared than their white or asian counter parts. with the growing stem degreeses, african-americans and hispanics pursue these fields at a lower rate than white or asian-americans and only kproez about 75% of the work force. with each group maintaining a steady power of 1 trillion and $1.5 trillion respectively. also broadband adoption and technology is up among african-americans and hispanics. especially when it comes to mobile technology. so bearing these trend in mind we outlined key policies and best practices integral to turning the tide, based on america's growing ma skbrort and better position of people coloring people for better opportunity. whetherer with talking about paying for a house, saving for retirement or putting our kids through college, we rely on banking and financial services to support the fabric of

he wasn't a racist if he was promoting african-americans. >> very good point. but -- you know the president better than i do. i get a sense the comments he has made since the midterms and in that press conference yesterday that he doesn't think he's the problem or his programs or economy, the couplery is the problem, that it's almost anybody, everybody else. now, look, i don't think it's a right/left issues. they say that he is divorced from this. some say divorced from reality. which do you think? do you think he just says, an inability to take responsibility, to take blame? what? >> well, i think, first of all, that, one, let's be clear. i can't -- i know that the president and the president that i know and i support does not think the way -- what we heard in terms of congressman rangel's view. >> i'm not talking about that. it's the same president -- don, this is the same president, elections have consequences when he won. >> there are no big deal when he or his party don't win. that's kind of weird. >> well, i think he's going to -- look, a new reality is s

a discussion of the history and -- one of the first african-american labor unions in the united states. then iowa state university professor talks about king george's war, which took place in the 1700 in north america between european and colonial powers. next on american history tv, a panel discussion on the history and legacy of the brotherhood of sleeping car porters, one of the first african-american labor unions in the united states. panelists explore the role of a. phillip randolph, the labor and civil rights leader who organized the union, as well as the struggles of female members. they also described the national parks service -- this was hosted by the association for the study of african-american life and history. it's about two hours. >>> thanks, everybody. >>> for coming here, we have got a great panel here, a. phillip randolph and the brotherhood of sleeping car porters. my name is allan spears. npca has served as the leading voice of the american people on behalf of their national parks since we were founded in 1919. and it's our mission to protect an enhance america's na

educational attainment is often associated with higher earnings, high school dropout rates for african-americans and hispanics are higher than they are for white americans. 17.7% of african-americans and 13% of hispanic-americans hold a bachelor's degree or higher compared to 29.3% of white americans. and by a variety of measures, african-americans and hispanics tend to enter college less ready and prepared than their white and asian counterparts. what's more, despite the growing importance of s.t.e.m. degrees, african-americans and hispanics pursue these fields at a lower rate than white and asian-americans and only comprise about 5-7% of silicon valley's work force. on the upside, buying power for african-americans and hispanics is steadily increasing with each group maintaining a spending power of $1 trillion and $1.5 trillion respectively. also broadband adoption and technology use is up among african-americans and hispanics, especially when it comes to mobile technologies. so bearing these trends in mind, we've outlined some key policies and best practices that will be integral to our abili

he has african-americans taking a pause and looking at him.dged, democrats are saying, let's see. >> the party establishment is against him. >> that's separate. in terms of '14, he has done the best. >> do you agree with that? >> no. rand paul is going to run a great race. he's going to do bert than his father and he's not going to win. main street republicans win. you have jeb or chris christie. >> you think that's it? >> no. who had the best 2014? without a doubt, mitt romney. mitt was right on russia. mitt was right on iraq. mitt was right in the debate. it's really unbelievable. >> let me say this. i would argue in 2014, the other candidate we're leaving out here, john kasich. not in a tough race. he could be the governor. >> it's a great point. he won with 49% of the vote. >> this time he will win with 60. all right. quickly, i got a toy here. we can start picking the senate. the final ten are here. let's -- i don't know any democrats that think arkansas -- let's assume the polls are right on arkansas and let's assume the polls are right

the only african-american on that commission. the charge of that commission was not merely to issue a statement supporting equality of opportunity, but instead to suggest affirmative steps to see that the doors are really opening for training, selection, advancement, and equal pay for women. of course, as i mentioned, equal pay legislation was controversial. randolph did not support it because he thought, like other labor leaders, that if women were given equal pay, that would allow employers to drop the wages of men. that was overcome, and the act prevailed. kennedy signed that bill into law on june 10, 1963. the next day, the birmingham police commissioner of public safety let loose those dogs and fire hoses. and someone fired his shotgun multiple times, murdering the leader of the mississippi naacp. as a result, there was this uneasy coalition of the big six civil rights groups. they had less than six weeks to bring 2000 full buses as well as planes, trains, and automobiles to the district of columbia for a single day. this wa

i have found a dissatisfaction with my african-american friends.cies, especially for the left, and you're not motivating the base much. and i see that out there in the intensity numbers where i'm polling in certain places. so, that cuts both ways. when you want to deny the president and dpn your party and try to run as a centrist, then you leave some votes on the table. that's what's helping republicans. our base is motivator not quite as much as the 2006 race with george bush, but it's pretty close. that kick the buns attitude is around there. but there are some really good politicians running. scott walker up in wisconsin is a machine that's inhave iable. mary landrieu's machine. mitch mcconnell, the finest operative in the republican party is mcconnell and his campaign. >> yes, very unpopular. i want to play rand paul just for a moment because he touched on the other thing which is motivating african-americans in the south. and motivating them in not the way republicans expected. let's talk about rand paul talk about voter i.d. >> i don't think

to attend the african-american community to be a scholarship to repaid to the scity of ferguson afterhe completion of the academy, and this is a proactive step to be more proactive to be more reflective of the demographic of our community. and also, pfor the officers of the city of ferguson in 2015 we will pass an ordinance for the stipend of $200 to $300 per month por officers living in our community to encouraging the police sufficient officer -- police officers to live in the city of ferguson to make sure they are vested in the community in which they serve. over the past 15 years, the city of ferguson has faced issues of xus dus because of urban sprawl, the foreclosure and the housing i crisis and two devastating foreign does and the city of ferguson has found a way to succeed in the face of long odds. and in every instance, our city, our citizens and our businesses have come through stronger than before. while the current situation that we face is different, those same characteristics that have sustained us in the past will he help to carries through in the future. for the dedica

there was one latino, and no african-americans. now, one person -- not one person, not one executive of african-american. when channel 7 asked you about this, you said you couldn't find any. where didn to you is, you look? hiredanswer is i've african-american members in our firm. i've hired latino members in our asian-americans and many other minorities. and as governor, i will drive minorities,ping members of families in every community get results. you've been a failure. african-americans are suffering youally in illinois under as governor. brutally high crime, low wages, deteriorating schools and a lack of social services. i'll get it done. latinove the first lieutenant governor in illinois history and i'm very proud of that fact. going to work for hispanic families. more jobs, better schools. you've been a failure. theyou are taking african-american vote for granted. you had a superstock who could governor,lieutenant stephanie neeley. i know her. she's talented. she's a superstar. republican.as a but after i win this race in no

the democrats in kentucky are complaining this was sent predominantly to african-american householdskentucky trying to scare people from voting. is this politics as usual, below the belt, maybe both? >> a little bit of both. certainly both of those things apply to most of mitch mcconnells complaints. the democrats filed suit in jefferson county, louisville, where democrats, accusing them of doing something sinister, voter suppression but that is the same mail vendor mcconnell used in the primary and dropped some piece that was similar to that against matt bevin, it was yellow, ominous looking and said "fraud alert" and you open it up, matt bevin is a fraud, he took money, et cetera, et cetera. any lawsuit isn't going to change the outcome of this election obviously they're not going to rule on this before election day. it seems like a bid to sort of get a little bit of earned media attention on the part of the grimes campaign, but you know, it's a little bit of both. >> we just talked about this to a degree in north carolina, to another degree in louisiana, it's also at play in kentu

the same is true, happens to have two african-american leads but there's nothing specific to the african-americantes, hispanics, german, foreigners can't say i get it, i get what the film is about. so i work very hard to try to make films that are not culturally or ethnically exclusionary. i want to make films that are inclusionary and can be enjoyed by a wide swath of people. >> the looser y'all are, the more fun it is. >> okay. >> and advice he has for aspiring film makers is to never give up. >> at the end of the day, hollywood is a numbers business. and you can be making the greatest films, but if they're not resonating with audiences, you're going to find it difficult to continue making films. so i'm comfort that i've made films that have had commercial success and i'm very proud of that. >> you want to marry my sister? show me that you worthy of her. >> how am i supposed to do that? >> i'm going to take you on a ridealong. >> i want to continue to elevate it. that audiences connect to and continue to raise the bar in terms of the quality level of the films that i'm making. >> packers produc

african-americans in appointed positions. ur emmroifee, was in 1871, a member who represented a district that encompassed richmond and a couple of the towns south of the james river, he was a civil war veteran who came on. he became a political carpet bagger. when virginia was elected to the union, he does what he can to represent this district. they adopt martin q. powell in manchester, wisconsin. he comes to the house chamber. we don't know about powell. he was 14 years old. we know his family came over and we heard reports that he was the first african-american page. they ripped and teased him before i came onboard. he served for about a year. he's the only instance of a page serving in the house in the 1800s that we know of. sort sortly after he leaves, the reconstruction era ends and snim crow were going to place and in washington, d.c. and the appointment of after write can mericans to 1256 positions subsides after that. by the end of the 1800s, there are no african-americans serving in the house. >> one of the great th

to serve the needs of african-americans. he was born to free african-americans in manchester. hen used the new programs and resources. i love that alfred powell did too. > talking about pages in the 19th century, 20th century. talking about boys. up.as all boys up to 1939, when, briefly for day, we had a girl by name of jean cox appointed by her phatever who was a representative. she served for the opening day, 1969. symbolic appointment. we don't see girls entering the program really for another more than 30 years. 1973 when karl albert of oklahoma is speaker and he pals with a young who had come to the capitol, saw these pages, be great. would found they were all girls and he don't feel like this is when the girls should operate. >> i between the annuals of 6 th grades, that's not fair. maybe we can do something about that, he said. school inwent back to the fall, i wrote letters to mr. albert. and wrote letters and letters albert for to mr. many years. finally, one day, when i was highabout to graduate from school, i got a call from the administrative assistant and asked me

that's from african-american witnesses. how can this be a race war? >> i'm not calling it a race war. i also disagree with the statement that the primary problem with young dead men are other black people. it's not the race of the witnesses that matter. it's the race of the victim and the race of the perpetrator. and this is a situation here in ferguson where those things are clear. a white man killed a black man. i'm not saying he killed him because he was black, but i am saying that black folks, now that have to deal with all these people killed by a police officer whether or not they have a gun, that is a tremendous problem. that has to be resolved in this country. >> it was a legal matter whether he actually had a gun is almost irrelevant. what matters is what the officer had reason to believe. >> as a legal matter, it actually does matter whether the person had a gun or not. >> it's what's in the officer's head. >> that's true. but if the officer said i had an unreasonable fear of black people and feared for my life, people said it does actually

african-american radio.d so it's sort of slicing and dicing the electorate. >> reporter: tough choices for democrats and only hours before we'll know whether they pulled the right strings to get one of their most critical voting blocs to the polls in a tough election cycle. joe johns, cnn, lexington, kentucky. >>> all right. let's talk about this. l.c. granderson is a commentator and we have an editor and blogger from black chick.com. good morning. >> good morning. >> crystal, everybody uses emotion to get voters to the polls. it's effective, we know that. so is this strategy right or ethical? >> i don't think it's ethical, but it isn't it interesting, carol, that democrats are resorting to really base racial politicking and they're not talking about opportunity and jobs for black americans. the prosperity message. and the reason why they're doing this is because in the south, in georgia, louisiana -- i'm sorry, georgia, louisiana, north carolina and arkansas, democrats -- black voters make up over 50% of de

the fight to preserve our own history as a country and that history includes, of course, the african-american story. what we want from congress is for them to take the responsibility to continue taking the responsibility to preserve american's national and cultural heritage and that leadership is needed and increased funding for our national parks so they can stay open as educational institutions as places employment for tens of thousands of park rangers and personnel who are the first people on the ground to answer those questions about what it was like for a. philip randolph to begin organizing the brotherhood of sleeping car porters in the early 20th century. these are the things that we have to continue looking at as we talk about preserving african-american history. as we talk about preserving our cultural identities. we look to congress for leadership in a acquiring those properties that tell those stories. we look toward congress to continue being the place where they take the actions to preserve those stories. what we have and what sandra has mentioned are 401 beautiful park sites acr

another doll manufacturer hasbro offers nearly 60 dolls, eight are african-american.oping by next year aisles like this will like more diverse butler created online petition against toy makers and retaile retailers. >> this is an injustice and maybe that might change their minds and make them create more diverse selection. >> reporter: we reached out to big named toy makers like hasbro and mattel to ask them about this. so far those calls have not been returned. i'm charlotte huffman cbs-3 "eyewitness news". >> well tis the season for ice skating. "eyewitness news" at the blue cross river rink. this ring opened for business today. it's so much fun there and this year winter fest will be open all winter long. you can take a break from the skating and and joy some food, some drinks and even warm up by the fire pitt. i'll physical that you looks like the place to be inside by the fire pitt as the kids skate especially on a night like tonight. boy is it cold outside. let's check with our weather watchers reporting very chilly conditions. look at this number. near my homet