president to address the african union. a short tour of the region is in focus on security and human rights. he is now in the ethiopian capital. we have seen those images in the last half-hour of the main african union building there making a speech to the unit. he has already praised many in the fight against terror. expressing real concern about democratic and human rights. one of the issues obama has been addressing is the civil war and south sudan. tens of thousands have been killed in the conflict area it is hoped the two sides will agree to a peace deal by mid-august, but the rebel leader has told france 24 there are some issues to be resolved. our correspondent has this report. >> calling for a breakthrough in the peace efforts, barack obama underlined the urgency of the situation in south sudan. speaking in addis ababa, he thanked the african union and the radio -- and the mediation force. president obama: the situation is deteriorating. the humanitarian situation is worsening. the possibility of renewed conflict in

african-american women. i think we need to -- and i like to focus on the foot soldiers of civil war memory. i think that there was even into the 20th century a lot of people working on that. i think sometimes we have a triumphant narrative for the lost cause that ignores -- they got their movie "gone with the wind," so they must have won. what were people thinking about? prof. varon: when you get back to things like emancipation day and putting statutes up, scholars have written about why that member to tradition fades. parts of the civil war could be a test case as to whether black citizens will get full rights. there is a sense that putting up statues and holding celebrations like emancipation day is quaint and old-fashioned. there are broader cultural shifts that factor into this. prof. brundage: i want to offer one, picking up on something. one measure of the difference between the centennial in the sesquicentennial -- some of you may have encountered edmund wilson's patriotic war. wilson was the leading

and african countries in this mission. i can announce that the one billion dollars the united states is devoting to this work globally half will support efforts here in africa. i believe africa's progress will also depend on democracy. because africans like people everywhere deserve the dignity of being in control of their own lives. [applause] we all know what the ingredients of real democracy are. they include free and fair elections but also freedom of speech and the press, freedom of assembly. these rights are universal and they are written into african constitutions. [applause] the african charter on human and people's rights declares that every individual shall have the right to the respect of the dignity inherent in a human being. from sierra leone, ghanna and others and south africa democracy has taken route. [switching captioners] >> i have to proclaim, democracy is not just form ales. elections. you know, when journalists are put behind bars for doing their jobs or activists of threatened as departments crack dow

florida had disenfranchised numbers of the african community. he was not allowed to count the full state minus those based on the black voting population of florida. that was gordon versus gore. that suit was highlighted in an independent study by the congressional research service about suits that were filed. you can only find it on wikileaks. the issue there was standing. the unique argument i was making on standing is that as a member of the district, you allow me to vote for the president but i cannot vote for a representative in senate and congress. so i cannot appeal to my congressman to object. you are the court. you have to step in and ask as my senator to enforce this right. the court is not prepared to let a pro se litigant prevail on something they could have this much of a change. in 2004 i also filed a suit, gordon versus biden. >> what were you trying to do? asa: the same thing. they joined the vice president from presiding over the full count of electors. there are two arguments i have been making. there are five, seven states tha

african-americans to vote in waller county. it took a very active u.s. supreme court in 1979, the united states versus waller county, leroy simms, to assure and protect prairie view college students' right to vote in waller county. it was that decision assured college students all over america that they could vote in the college -- in the town in which they were living while they were attending college. now, since that supreme court ruling in 1979 prairie view students have been under attack. there have been three city councilmen, a county attorney, a minister, a judge, two public officials, all arrested, all indicted, some convicted after they participated in get out the vote efforts and get out -- and 19 students were also indicted after they all participated in some get out the vote or campaign initiative. we're talking about suppression of voting rights since the supreme court assured that right in 1979. there was one district attorney who threatened to send any student to jail if they dared attempt to vote in waller county

it is not a standard for every african-american parent out there. i tend -- and this is are the i've of -- reflective of my relationship. i tend to be brutal and offer candor in terms of how i speak about the world but that allows for my son to go out and not be surprised by certain things. >> it's interesting, following your career it took a while before you decided to be as candid as you've been on race. why? >> i think i've always been candid but i have had the great benefit over the past four years to work for -- gosh it's going on seven years now. i've had the benefit of being at the atlantic for the past seven years and pretty much having the latitude to explore and study as widely as i want in an era have an african-american president. and that allows you to see certain things about your country and to have the views of your country refracted in certain ways. and so i've seen probably a lot more than maybe i didn't see before coming to the atlantic. the other thing as a journalist you don't always have opportunity. even if you would say x, y

these were some of the only professional jobs for african-american women in the city of topeka. so that was going to be lost once schools were integrated. so while there was support for the idea of integration there was some resistance especially from the teachers and the local chapter of the naacp who feared the loss of these institutions and the loss of those jobs. and thorps not unwarranted when the middle schools integrated a few years before, there weren't african-american teachers who lost their jobs. so the feeling -- there was very much attention between what was going to be gained which was full access to neighborhood schools where these african-american children lived but there was also a sense of loss, of what was going to lap to these teachers in these institutions. the museum was very much designed to tell the broader story of the struggle for civil rights in american history. and, really, the roots of that go back to the origins of slavery in the united states. so when you enter the building, you'll be greeted by a park ranger and then the focal point or or beginni

he will brief him on advances the african union mission in somalia has made. and the president when he comes on to the podium to address ambassadors, he's expected to paradespraise the african union. they have outsourced the issue of peacekeeping to the african union and this has saved them a lot of money and a lot of lives in terms of losing their own forces. and the african union in time will be expected to ask for more funding particularly for somalia where the european union is cutting back funds. that has been given to the mission. the peace process is expected to pick up in the president's speech. yesterday, together with leaders from east africa, he met the mediators and parties in sudan. now there is a new deadline, august 17, in which if the parties do not sign an agreement, there will be more sanctions on them. >> for now, thank you very. of course, we'll be crossing back to mohamed later on as president obama addresses the african union. >>> a natural gas pipeline which stretches between turkey and iran has been attacked. it affects parts of the pip

african americans were put on notice. and one of the people who was targeted was what connie lynch called that burhead bastard of a dentist, robert hailing. hailing, after receiving a flyer on his vehicle announcing a klan meeting just south of town decided he would go for himself to see what it was all about. >> we didn't do anything. we were surrounded by clansmen, ordered out of the car and all. and the physical punishment started at that time. and they took our wallets and personal effects. and in my wallet, they saw my identity and everything else and also discovered an naacp card and therefore, that was the -- i understand, the impetus for them to really start beating us. the beating was so severe with axe handles and baseball bats and all, that we were ushered up to and eventually on stage where the speaker was. and we were piled on top of each other, semi- conscious, like cardboard on top of each other. the powers knew that outside law enforcement was coming in. because the announcer had, on the microphone had ann

the president is addressing the african union the first president to address the african union. it reminded me of a state of the union speech he might give here. here's what's wrong right now in africa here is what is going right and here ares initiatives to accomplish, sprinkling in personal an dotes. he made it clear that a rising middle class and an opportunity for business was a very important part of why he is in africa. >> it is long past time to put aside old stereotypes of an africa forever mired in poverty and conflict. the world must recognize africa's extraordinary progress. today, africa is one of the fastest growing regions in the world. africa's middle class is projected to grow to more than 1 billion consumers. >> you know, when you hear that, you hear business, you hear opportunity, but of course, dell the president was there to talk about human rights, peaceful transfers of power which is something that he tried to put by making himself an example, tried to put it on africa, i'm going to be out of office soon, i could stay on if i wanted to, but the idea that a

its age and significance, and he also sought out african-american parishioners at worship. implicating several hate crime statutes. we that i that this is exactly the type of case that the federal hate crimes statutes were in fact con received of to cover. racially motivated violence such as this is the original domestic terrorism. questioner: 2015, if you look at the essence of the case brought forth in the indictment, the fact that these people are dead today because of their race, that's primarily what you alleged in the indictment, could you speak to where we stand and what that says, that this still exists? ms. lynch: i think that this is obviously a tragic situation. this is obviously a troubling situation. as the allegations and the entitlement reflect the mindset of this young man and his specific purpose to target individuals for death because of their race. but also to target individuals for death who are engaged in religious worship as well. so i think that we have to remain vigilant about these matters. we certainly at this point don't know much more about the d

there was a motion talking about african-american movements. people are traveling via trains going north, to get to places like cleveland, ohio, which is called "alabama north." in these new migrant communities that are called black woodchopper leaves -- metropolis . we are able to get things like "ebony magazine," and we see spaces like black churches and the new black voting block so that politicians have to pay attention to african-americans that have voting power in ways that they did not have when they were in the south. when we look at this book, there is a good moment to understand what happens in the second wave of the migration. he is born in 1945. he gives us a portrait of life inside african-american communities internal moments within the moment of segregation so that we can understand what is happening through the 1940's and 1950's. with the second wave of the migration, we get higher numbers of people moving out of the rural south so that we can get a portrait of life where people are leaving these spaces where they are having to

president to address the african union in just

these same freedoms are denied to many africans. as i have to proclaim that democracy is not just or mole elections. >> the last stop on the african itinerary. each cap the five-day visit to the continent. sarah: joining us now is deputy director and fellow at the strategic for internationals that he's eastern washington these he. i want to begin by asking you what were the goals of this trip to kenya and ethiopia? you think obama achieved them? >> i think he did. these trips are moore's file over subs and. -- are more style over substance. the first time a u.s. president has visited kenya, ethiopia and the first time to address the african union as well. it was an interesting visit because president obama next some tough love with africa on this trip. being quite critical of the current state of african leadership and trying to reach out more broadly to the younger generation of africa and show that the united date is and will continue, and should be a more relevant order to africans. >> that's of love he doled out was really met w

and we currently have michael nutter, who's african-american. so, now you have even more white representation. >> right. right. but i think jim is -- if he's the successor, as he likely will be, is widely accepted in the african-american community as someone who speaks to their values and to the needs of that community, so i don't know that that will necessarily add anything to this racial component here. but getting back to what christine -- i think the key is for us to try to raise standards. one thing of those who aren't getting in that community -- one thing that frustrated me as i was reading the articles and preparing for this, it wasn't apparent to me as to why african-americans weren't getting through. there was some psychological testing that they were failing. i'd like to find out more about that -- why they aren't passing that -- and what we can do. >> but this is an employment situation. i mean, it's not about sort of armchair -- you know, armchair theory. it really -- if we're setting standards that necessarily shrink the pool of po

specifically african-american women in education. she also has a community of -- an interracial community of white women involved in personnel at this time who are trying to reshape the role of women at colleges and universities. people she met at columbia. they were very supportive and wrote letters on her behalf. when she was meeting contentious dialogue at howard. >> how do you see her legacy connecting to the larger women's movement as well as the larger civil rights movement? prof. lindsey: she has a tremendous legacy. there is now a biography of her. it just came out in 2013. a few of us writing about her now. there is a dorm named after her at howard university. she is absolutely a pioneer when it comes to activism around women and higher education. she has one of the most known documents addressing sexual harassment in higher education that talks about race and gender. that intersection. i think she should be remembered in that light. i think she really advocated for the voices of women and for the voices of women being put t

he won a court case against african union soldiers after they shot at his son. the soldiers were ordered to pay compensation, but that was four years ago and he's still waiting. >> translator: they say they came to restore order. but they are killing people. they kill the man who is driving his car. he's no threat to them or to anyone. >> reporter: she wants the african union to apologize and pay compensation so her children can go back to school. >>> we have more to come here alabama al jazeera including controversial and compromises while critics say the trans-pacific partnership is a free trade deal with a high price. >> reporter: agricultural town in the center of argentina where residents suffer three times the national levels of cancer. we are here to find out why. >> hello again. you are with al jazeera. these are our top stories. the u.s. and turkey agreed to a plan for a buffer zone inside syria to contain isil. turkey has been bombing isil targets inside syria since friday. the latest raids took place just north of the city. u.s. president barack obama

president to address the african union.he son of libya's dictator moammar gadhafi among nine people sentenced to death on what the u.n. describes as disturbing. >>> i'm in london where the computer programmers of the future are taking part in a hack-a-thon. >>> not the end for the united states olympic bit and could be the beginning and will announce about the presidency. ♪ well, starting this program with the news that turkish f-16 fighter jets targeting in a place of a mountain area in the southeast and this is after the turkey president erdiwan who discussed this as impossible and we report in the south of turkey. >> turkish f-16 fighter jets don't have too far to fly to hit targets of the new enemy aisle just over the border in syria this was last week and don't have much further to go to target an old enemy, the separatist p.k.k. in northern iraq. many kurds are angry and frustrated the turkish government seems to be equating the them from i.s.i.l. with the threat from the p.k.k. and mainly kurdish city in southeast tu

african-americans joint in prayer have become the targeted.e chen is in the deep south with a look at what is raising alarms. here on the country roads of the missouri delta, they and fear have never been that far apart. here where cotton is king. soy beams and problems along the highway in the heat of the summer the church has been the shelter and salvation of the hard lives lived in the southern sun. >> why is each the smallest church in the community so important, such an important part of the black community in the south. >> in the black churches it is the center of the community, it's the social structure. we live in connection with the church and so we become the church. and that makes the black church significant. >> an attack of any kind on a church. what does that mean to the people. >> it's an attempt to relate to the religion and community. it's to discourage you, and to - and destroy the community center of social structure. which is surrounded by the church. >> we were not able to worship. we worship on our own at the river, on a

these same freedoms are denied to many africans. as i have to proclaim that democracy is not just or mole elections. >> the last stop on the african itinerary. each cap the five-day visit to the continent. sarah: joining us now is deputy director and fellow at the strategic for internationals that he's eastern washington these he. i want to begin by asking you what were the goals of this trip to kenya and ethiopia? you think obama achieved them? >> i think he did. these trips are moore's file over subs and. -- are more style over substance. the first time a u.s. president has visited kenya, ethiopia and the first time to address the african union as well. it was an interesting visit because president obama next some tough love with africa on this trip. being quite critical of the current state of african leadership and trying to reach out more broadly to the younger generation of africa and show that the united date is and will continue, and should be a more relevant order to africans. >> that's of love he doled out was really met w

print, and i don't buy my wife anything except african prints. i believe one's way would be to patronize the goods that are produced in ghana. they expand, there would be new economies of scale. i believe that they can also reduce price because cost of production would have reduced, quality would improve, and that is the focus of the ministry. reporter: a while ago, the government proclaimed a weekly "national friday wear" day. everyone is called on to wear traditional garb on friday -- office workers, school kids, and ordinary citizens -- so that the traditional ghanaian textile industry can keep its head above water. for now, at least. anchor: tackling corruption is usually a long struggle. and it's rarely as spectacular as the case of fifa, where football executives were led away by police in front of news cameras. nobody wants bureaucracy. but without reliable and transparent administration, governments are lost. taxpayers tend to hang on to their money when they fear it will end up in someone else's pocket. we meet a group of african tax exp

other laundries to avoid challenge started hiring african-americans. and one brilliant businessman open to business on north 24th street that employed only african-americans. so but that boycott started in july of 1950 and finally came to fruition in february over months letters leafleting at happened. and so they have that successful boycott. then they boycotted the coca-cola -- coca-cola bottling company. the same thing. you located in the black community that don't hire a african-americans. coca-cola said yeah. we never have. and the club started a boycott. coca-cola eventually after the club picketed and leafleting got a petition on north 24 street and get 45 businesses said it would not carry coca-cola anymore coca-cola finally hired a couple of african-americans to work in the plant. there was an ice cream plant six blocks north. and when the club approach them for their response was, we will go out of business before we hire black workers in the club said really? that's interesting. so interesting. so they organized a boycott. this one took abou

and omaha have a reputation in the african-american community in omaha and into united states as a city in wendie king and if you were black you needed to keep your head down and you need to be a with you what i'm going to be served in restaurants and you weren't going to be weren't going to go to stay in hotels, and that there was like the were in many cities around the country, there was this informal industry of staying in homes and the black community competing at the restaurants in the black community even if you are an african-american that was part of a band this point in a white hotel or a play being put on in a mostly white theater at that quote, michael omaha shares proudly but it is a quote i found repeated that it was known in the description of birmingham in the north was an apt description if you are an african-american in the country. the omaha de porres club start in 1957 by two gentlemen, one was a catholic priest, a jesuit at creighton university. his name was john markham near the founder of the de porres club was a gentleman named jenny holland which is a gentleman w

this was one of the four african-american elementary schools that were operating in topeka in 1952 whenhe brown v. board of education case was filed in district court. the brown v. board of education case is really a small piece of a much larger case that started really, back in the late 1920s and early 1930s. which was part of the national association for the advancement of colored people's -- or the naacp's struggle to overturn segregation in public education. so they were attempting to file cases that would eventually lead to overturning a case called plessy versus ferguson. and that was a supreme court decision in 1896 that allowed the state of louisiana to segregate rail cars by race. once the supreme court made the decision that that was constitutional, what you saw was an explosion of laws in the south especially that permitted segregated facilities in all sectors of public life. they were attended to overturn a precedent and they knew they could try to do it in one case but if they lost, it would be the end of their attempt. really beginning in the 1930's, they began to file cas

to african voices. is there any such thing as an african voice? i mean, what is it that you're doing not in your writing -- >> i don't know, we need to ask -- [laughter] no i mean, well, i suppose they're two different things. thinking of identity as a personal thing and i don't want to be dismissive of people who actually have genuine issues with identity. i think the reason i don't is i was born, i was raised, there's a kind of rootedness that i had. and i know people that don't have it. and i also think searching for identity can make the beautiful right thing. the writers who i love and admire for whom it's really about searching for identity, but that's like my -- i think my, as a citizen and as the person who occupies the world which is my rule in being co-curator identity matters then because it's important to me, for example, that african stories be told by african people. [applause] that matters a lot to me. and i find myself, for example having this kind of actually mostly unreasonable rage -- [laughter] when, this is true i'm watching t

he's the first african-american president. they had expected more from him and that of the policies they will fulfill he had not fulfilled a great many of them. when they look at other issues like for example -- project -- president obama's initiative for africa they say that this was something that was going to give power to 60 million households and that is something they welcome. >> security, of course, another important focus of obama's speech south sudan he's been meeting with regional leaders trying to set a new impetus for a peace agreement. he very much sees the african antment as an important partner in the war against extremists. >> well, he spoke a great deal about that and said that the united states is helping the african union in peace initiatives in various parts of africa. he mentioned somalia where the african union peacekeeping mission has had some success lately against al shabab. he said that the group was still terrorizing and there was need to keep pressuring al shabab. he talked about mali and basin wher

what is of interest at the moment is an african leader being tried by an african court. an african leader who went to senegal on humanitarian basis and he was welcomed by the two former presidents, who didn't do anything. despite the international be convention against or the sure ratified by senegal. in the 1990 he asked for him to be tried the founding commission on inquiry. at the same time, when moss of the victims find a case against habre, the case was rejected by the court and for me it is very important because the victims for the first time at the center of the trial. >> guyton mutu, chad researcher, thank you so much for your time. >> thank you. >> staying in africa, despite calls to delay burundi's presidential election, polls will open in the country tomorrow, tuesday after weeks of political unrest. protesters are callings for president pierre nkurunziza bid for a third term. haru mutasa reports from bujumbura as the country's residents prepare to vote. >> police in burundi have been deployed to potential trouble spots. there could be violence after polls cl

church, a predominantly african-american house of worship that the k.k.k.ched in 1995. >> you ride up there. you see the church in flame, it gives you an ill feeling >>> investigators believe this fire was the result of a lightening strike. church fires are surprisingly common. the national fire protection association looked at the numbers and found five churches, black and white, are set on fire every week. mt zion was the 7th black house of worship in the house to burn in 10 days, the causes are still under investigation, whether an strictal problem is believed to be factors for some. >> the fire that gutted this baptist church in scorelot carolina is called arson, and it's expected in the fair at a church the christ and a fire at the adventist church was set. >> those matters are upped investigation -- under investigation. i'm not able to go into a lot. we don't have definitive answers as to how all were started. >> federal investigators are involved and made no conclusions. for the southerners, it's a reminder of a painful past. >> the black church has

after a huge loss of business reed's ice cream finally hired african-american workers.he one that was the ongoing they probably the one that would have caused the most frustration and the most exhaustion especially for my dad was the omaha council bluffs company given the charter by the city to do the streetcar and bus services. unlike in some places it wasn't about -- it was about the company hiring black people to drive the buses and the streetcars. the deporres and my dad went to visit the company to ask them why you hiring african-americans to work for your company to drive the buses and the streetcars and the leadership gave several answers but the one that my dad remembered most vividly was the vice president telling them you know if you have a black driver and you come to the end of the line and there's a white woman on the end of the light you know he will rape her. that was one of their justifications in 1948. my dad would have been 22 at the time and i can just see him walking into that meeting thinking oh my goodness did he just say that? we went back to fath

we had no african-american's on that board.e're the only one of five companies in america that has both african american, lat dean know and asian board members. >> corporate changes must start with board directors before change trickles down. >> it's one of the most segregated places in our society. we have seen huge changes in our country in 40, 50 years. but it is easier to elect a black man president of the united states than it is for about 150 companies to find a black man or woman to sit on their board. >> according to the 2014 black enterprise annual report on corporate directors, 30% of s&p 250 did not have a single black board member. >> they are self organizations and pick their members. >> even search firms can't. >> they do what their clients tell them. i don't think they'll say don't bring me these people. they'll probably say on the surface do bring all that but at the end of the day the decisions are made by the sitting directors. we can anchor pratt america burr it's not going to be easy or happen overnight. >>

second, it involved a coalition of african-americans spearheaded largely by african american leadership. and i found this significant that i will cover but the third thing that i found interesting was the strong role that women played to establish the coalition and to maintain a voice a protest in the community when in fact, what they were organizing against disproportionately affected boys and men of color black and brown boys and i found that to be interesting to write about gender dynamics. >> host: who is luis? >> the victim from mexico that lost his life and death that was for them to organize to vocalize about the injustice. a blue-collar suburb focused around the oil refining industry and it is home to the exxon mobil refinery that was the largest of its kind in the world so it does have a complex history of industrial boom town type of history as well. african-americans and latinos have grown over the years in relationship to the expanding oil industry as u.s. interest to oil reserves have grown as a way to process the quayle -- whale. and as they would move to seasonal contract

black enterprise has been watching him and a handful of african americans that serve as directors ofrations. in it's annual report a study revealed in 2012 that white men held 75% of s&p 500 board seats versus a mere 5.5% for black men and a 1.9% for black women. this year black enterprise counted 182 black directors at 176 corporations versus the year prior with 179 directors at 174 corporations and in 2014, 30% didn't have a single blackboard member. diversity on corporate boards matter. >> that's critical to innovation. it's truly a business. >> arnold donald's board preis charting the course for the largest cruise line industry. >> 60% plus of today's population are women in minorities. 60%. so that the customers of these companies are women and minorities and so to reflect their own markets to have that thinking and diversity of thinking representing their own customers at the top of the corporate pyramid which is the board of directors. >> donald wants to see more african americans on boards. but why stop there. >> definitely hispanic americans. you need asian americans and you

of african-americans doing well. what else? >> when she was on the deathbed, they were all around the house and just being there with her as she passed and being supportive to the family as well. >> this is the grandmother. people not just in the immediate family. people were like family to him. we know it is a story that people read as children. let me ask you this? what is missing in this store? what do we not hear? ok. >> violence is missing from the story. >> violence. we talked about rosholt -- racial terrorism across the south. right. there's not much of a depiction of that. it'll your integral racial terrorism. -- there is no racial terrorism. he is about 10 when emmett till is killed in 1955. emmett till is often seen as a sacrificial lamb of the civil rights movement. people talk about emmett till being important to the start of the civil rights movement. what we will be discussing, we have been building up to our appreciation and not just bringing it up in the 1950's. we have been talking about randolph. we have been

an african judged by africans, away from the hague's international criminal court.ake here is the possibility to set a precedent making universal justice accessible to all on this continent. >> i think what this trial shows more than anything else is that it's possible for victims and their supporters with tenacity to actually get a dictator to court. >> reporter: the trial will not erase the horrors. but something has changed. and perhaps in the process this man may find some peace. nicholas hawk al jazeera, dacar. >>> this trial does end a 20-year campaign to bring him to justice. he fled to sinagal and lived freely until arrest two years ago and followed for order and international court of justice told them to prosecute or extradite him and them and the eu created the extraordinary african chambers that is able to bring him to trial because of a principle called universal jurisdiction which allows national courts to prosecute serious crimes even when they are committed in another country. let's get perspective on this and speak to an african affairs analyst and