those two things are first that racism was an american problem not only a southern problem. american society was confused with racism in the 19 century in the north and in the south. this meant african-americans were waging a freedom struggle on two fronts, and little war against the horrors of slavery in the south and the horse of white supremacist ideology, but also about in the north for political rights of discrimination in the north where they were free but relegated to a kind of second class status. i emphasized in this book that you understand the consequences and the causes of the civil war you have to grapple with the depth and breadth of american racism. i also want my student readers of the book two, we understand something else, and that is that the union and the confederacy were starkly different political systems. representing starkly different ideologies representing starkly different destinies for america. it was these differences that frederick douglass had in mind when he very famously said in 1878 speech it was a right site and wrong side in the late war. t

his forthcoming book is southern journey, the migrations of the american south, 1790 to 2020. edward ayers, welcome. it is a pleasure to have you. >> my pleasure, thank you. >> joanne freeman this professor of american history and american studies at yale university. she specializes in the politics and political culture of the revolutionary and early national periods. she is cohost with edward ayers of the popular american history podcast, back story. it's great to unite these coal pot castor's together. she is the author of many books as well. pat breaking, affairs of honor, national politics in the new republics. as well as field of blood, violence in congress and the road to the civil war. joanne, it is such an honor to have you with us. >> thanks for having me. >> norman ornstein is residents collar at the american enterprise institute where he studies politics, elections and the u.s. congress. his books include one nation after trump, a guide for the perplexed, the disillusioned, the desperate and the not yet departed. i love your titles. the next one we did at the consti

then, you take the people with the least power in american society, poor african-american southerners, after 100 years of disenfranchisement and segregation, they're the ones that lead the great moral revolution of the united states in the civil rights movement and voting rights act that followed. that's not going to happen if they are not in the streets. today black lives matter is also showing look, you have a gridlock, you are tied up in worrying about each other's tweets, meantime we're dying. things are going to have to change. i think a more optimistic through line through these stories is that the people who have been the most victimized are the people most elle gant in american ideals and fighting for them. who would have thought, think about all of this history as the constant surprise, who would have thought two are three years ago that most americans would have supported weeks long protests against the police? and it's the way that it was done and the voice people are using. the only thing i've been able to discover in 40 years of history, nobody has any idea what's going t

those two things are first, racism was an american problem, not only a southern problem, american society confused with racism and 19th century in the north and in the south. this meant african-americans were waging a freedom struggle on two fronts, the war against the slavery in the south and white supremacy also battling the north of discrimination where they were free but relegated to the kind of second-class so i emphasize that to understand the consequences into the causes, you have to grapple with the depth but i want them to come away understanding something else and that is that the union and confederacy were starkly different political systems, representing different ideologies, representing different destinies for america. and it was these differences that frederick douglass in mind when he famously said in the 78th speech is a right side and wrong side. booklist described it a war of ideas between the old and the new, between slavery and freedom, barbarism and civilization, the illusion that the society was perfect, he was in the vanguard movement to reform the modern society,

this community is recovering his prosperity through its own hard work and valuable american elp. in southernly, long one of he poorest sections of europe, an economic change brings good news. thousands of peasants gather in ublic squares. there is some argument from peasants who came out best in the illegal occupation of the land, but generally everyone is happy. the program, announced years ago but long-delayed, ends the edieval farm system. europe is reaching an independent status and that is good news. a collection of 150,000 original models from the u.s. patent office is sold in new york. this 1876 children's doorway swing, like this scale, never succeeded, but the washboard became famous all over the world. this chair bed was designed for crowded living quarters. a cabinet bed is a similar idea. the inventor was ahead of his time, for double purpose furniture is increasingly popular today. rollerskates are pretty much the same in our streamlined age, but this washing machine, invented in 1866, is a far cry from today's wonders. a smokestack to prevent forest fires and a modern looking s

but i wonder if new york and your new york needs more south needs more black american southern-isms likest but i wonder if there could be even more. >> there always could be more. for me like i looked at, used to live on little senegal, when i stepped out my building i used to hear nothing but french. i think about sylvia and jacob Ãbthere always needs to be more, i think even more now because of the rapid gentrification that's happening we always need more in the south, not just new york, new jersey, where i'm from, new england, we always need more. >> this resume is like a cake. i love the cakes. keep talking about the love of the south. this is from jeni mayberry, what was your mother's reaction to your interest in pursuing your father's roots? was she apprehensive about what she might uncover about the things the two of you would be left to run the self together? >> my mother has always been supportive about our family tree, what's interesting, i don't think i could've told her this but i wrote it in the book, when i was born my daughter called me Ãbmy daughter called me the milkman'

american members? into place ingoes the southern states are republican reconstruction governments. at that point by the late 1860's you start to see a number of african-american officeholders move up into positions of local authority, either on town councils or in the state legislatures. they gain a political role and a political voice. and number of the african-americans who serve in this time periods -- a number of african-americans who serve in this time period, that is how they move up quickly and then move into positions where they can be elect it to congress. farar: who is the first african-american in the house? matthew: the first african-american to speak in the floor -- on the floor in the house of representatives while the house is in session was a man who was elected but never seated. john lewis minard from louisiana was elected in 1868. his election was contested and that is a story that runs throughout the 19th century for so many of these african-american members elected to congress. they election was challenged and a number of them had this experience. 1869d was in fe

civil rights and asked for voting rights, it was because it was not just good for black americans or northern or southernicans. it was good for all of america to do this thing. when abraham lincoln was called a liberator because of emancipation proclamation, he said, no, don't call me that. it was the anti-slavery movement that did it all. i was an instrument. he was far more than an instrumi instrument because he gave voice and leadership to what had to be done. it's that connection between the -- and john lewis is emblem attic of that outside movement. to not be able to say he was a great man when we've understood what he did on that bridge, that bridge that then produced the great speech that lbj gave on where he embraced the anthem of the civil rights movement. "we shall overcome." it's incomprehensible to me not to understand who he was and what he represented. >> what will be interesting is how people like you and other historians define what trump did in the moment of this pandemic. every president who has a crisis on their watch becomes defined on how they handle it. we have never seen someone de

american members? matthew: what is in place in the southern states his republican reconstruction governments. at that point, by the late 1860's, you begin to see a number of african-american officeholders move up into positions of local authority. either on town councils or in the state legislators. and they gain a political role, a political voice. a number of the african-americans who served in this time, that is how they come up through the ranks very quickly and move up into positions were they can then be elected to congress. farar: so who is the first african-american in the house? matthew: the first speak on thecan to florida house of representatives while the house is in session is actually a man who was elected but never seated. john willis minard from 1868.ana was elected in his election was contested. that's a story that runs throughout the 19th century for so many of these african-american members who were elected to congress. their election was challenged. a number of them had that experience. 1869d was in february of and allowed to speak on the house floor to defend himself in a

because there were several southern states that objected to the fact that the wives of their members of congress might actually have to have tea in the white house with an african-american woman. the reason southern states had their legislatures passed resolutions asking over to make sure that this did not happen. what hoover did was to divide the tea party into a couple of different sessions, and the one depriest was invited to was a very carefully preselected small group of congresswomen whom she knew would not object. this got here in the press, and -- theepriest just southern state legislatures that spoke it up. this is the first roadblock he runs into. yes, people do not want their offices to beat next to him. remember say i will not serve -- if they do not want to be serving with an african-american. we were doing research recently on the history of who had what office in the house office buildings. in the cannon house office theding, it turned out that place oscar depriest was assigned was a bathroom, and they ripped out the plumbing and turned it into an office for him. one has to wonder did they choose that particular space because it could happen at the last m

spike in corona virus cases a record $71.00 new infections were reported on friday american troops are stationed in the southern islands and make up a majority of the cases the leader of a south korean church has been arrested accused of concealing and underreporting coronavirus cases prosecutors say lima and he of the church of jesus hampered the government's antivirus response the 88 year old denies the accusations tens of thousands of people in russia's far eastern city of kabul office are protesting against the arrest of a popular governor so before god was deposed after being accused of ordering 2 contract killings and an attempted murder 15 years ago is election in 2018 was seen as a vote against the kremlin and president vladimir putin. a prominent author and a spoil position spokeswoman are among dozens of arrested in zimbabwe when police put a stop to anti-government protests opposition parties have called for demonstrations against food and fuel shortages as well as 700 percent inflation those are the headlines coming up next on al-jazeera it's what this group. this was supposed to be a short film abo

american members? >> so what goes into place in the southern states, is our republican, reconstruction government. and at that point, by the late 18 sixties, that you begin to see a number of african americans have officeholders, who they move up in positions of local authority. other town councils, in the state legislatures, and they gain a political role and a political voice and a number of the african americans who serve in this time period that is how they come up through the ranks very quickly. and move up into positions where they can then be elected to congress. >> so who is the first african american in the house? >> well the first african american, to speak on the floor in the house of representatives, while the house is still in session, is actually a man who was elected, but never ceded. john willis mannered. from louisiana, that was elected in 1868, and his election was contested. that's a story that runs throughout the 19th century for so many of these african american members who are elected to congress. their election, was challenged. and a number of them had that experience, and ma

not have the luxury of simply excluding african-americans from service or severely complicating training procedures by restricting black soldiers from southerncamps. they also realized they would face fierce protests from african-american civil rights groups. despite southern opposition, the enlistment and mobilization of black soldiers proceeded with in may of 1917. but this did not mean that black servicemen would be treated equally. from the onset of the implementation of the draft, military officials and local administrators of the system, envisioned african-americans serving almost exclusively as laborers. 80% of all black men served as labor troop. they were described as laborers in uniform. of the some 200,000 african-american soldiers who served overseas, approximately 140,000 labored in the services of supply, laying railroad tracks, burying dead bodies, all of the unglamorous work of the war. but not all black soldiers served in this capacity. the army established two black combat divisions, the 92nd division and the 93rd division. the 93rd division was composed mostly of national guardsmen from new york, chicago, washington, d.c.,

american members? >> so what goes into place in the southern states is our republican reconstruction governments. it's by that point in the late 1860s that you begin to see a number of african-american office holders move up into positions of local authority. either on town counsels or in the state legislators. and they gain a political role and a political voice. and a number of the african-americans who serve in this time period,that's how they kind of come up through the ranks very quickly and move up into positions where they can then be elected to congress. >> so who's the first african-american in the house? >> well, the first african-american to speak on the floor in the house of representatives while the house is in session is actually a man who was elected but never seated. john willis menard from louisiana was elected in 1868, and his election was contested. and that's a story that kind of runs throughout the 19th century for so many of these african-american members who were elected to congress. their election was challenged. and a number of them had that experience. menard was in febru

the fast major wildfire of the season in southern california has forced nearly 8000 americans from their homes water bombing aircraft in the sky and firefighters on the ground are up against hot dry weather it's forecast to continue for benefits reports from a sense of. the fire in riverside county east of los angeles has burned more than 8000 hectares and destroyed at least one home as well as numerous other structures approximately 7800 people have been evacuated from their homes this is a major foreign it will be going on for a couple of days more than 1300 firefighters from across the state assisted by helicopters and planes dropping fire retardant are battling the blaze there working in temperatures well above 37 degrees celsius amid dry gusty winds the fire is still out of control flames broke out late friday afternoon investigators suspect it may have been deliberately set by an arsonist southern california has seen little rain for months and the dense brush is tinder dry the fire is burning its way into rugged hills that are hard for crews to reach authorities said. thank you wha

southern europeans are going to be sort of merged into the general way of whiteness. people stop recognizing them as a distinct group and their place will be taken by african-american migrants, southern migrants, who are seen as particularly criminal, particularly the ones who have recently come up from the south are seen as having brought some sort of inherent criminalality with them. they will be very likely to be arrested. so, for instance, in 1967, nationally, african-american arrests are about five times the rate of white arrests, okay? and that's going all the way back to 1967. we're very familiar with that story of overincarceration but that's also true in terms of arrests. so, for instance, in pittsburgh, in 1989, 54% of arrests were of nonwhite people, which is going to be in pittsburgh. very largely african-american, where as they make up, at that time, something around 1/3 of the population. so it's a very extreme form of overrepresentation among the arrested population. quite disproportionate. another category that some of you guys brought up is economically marginal. this is something that has a very long history. in 1987, if you look at the police records from

because there were several southern states that objected to the fact that the wives of their members of congress might actually have to have tea in the white house with an african-american woman. there were even southern states that had their legislatures pass resolutions asking hoover to make sure that this didn't happen. what hoover did was to divide the tea party into a couple different sessions. and the one that jesse depriest, oscar's wife, was invited to, was a very carefully preselected small group of congresswomen who she knew wouldn't object. this got out there in the press, and depriest, oscar depriest, just pilloried the southern state legislatures that had spoken up. and this is the first kind of road block that he runs into. another one happens here in the house, right? about where his office is located. >> yes. you know, people don't want their offices to be -- their office to be next to him. members say i will not serve, you know, they don't want to be serving with an african-american. and when we were doing some research recently on the history of who had what office in the different house office buildings, in the canon house office building, then just k

southern kyushu. and therefore american casualties would be acceptable. know, radio intelligence had uncovered the fact that the japanese had exactly anticipated that the first american invasion was going to take place on southern kyushu. they built up over 10,000 airfare -- aircraft. 7000 troops. instead of us going on with overwhelming superiority, our salt would be facing 700,000 japanese. we now know a senior naval toicer had never wanted invade japan. he had been biding his time and by the ninth of august, 1945, with the intelligence he was prepared to bring on this showdown with the army over whether there should be any invasion. only the japanese surrender at off before it reached the level of mr. truman having another review. host: let's take a call from tom. you are on with richard frank. we are talking about the 75th anniversary of the atomic bombings in japan. caller: good morning. the age 60 and i remember howard zinn lectures of my college years, of how history is being rewritten so much right now with people with agendas. radio that on talk

a spike in corona virus cases a record 71 new infections were reported on friday american troops stationed in the southernislands and make up a majority of the cases a problem and author and an opposition spokeswoman are among dozens of arrested in zimbabwe after police put a stop to anti-government protests all about him on the reports. protests have been planned across the board but these scenes were not what opposition groups had hoped for in the capital had out a lot shots in abandoned streets after the government declared the protest illegal a few people tried to defy the ban but were quickly stopped by police and soldiers we have seen in the past 2 days the army the police being deployed into made bones and even today these areas get brain matter for these seeds eventually create different messages that the government has been passing out in the past week their . intended purpose because a lot of people there had to stay home and you know one day to go. opposition party transform zimbabwe called for the protests and what but by many other groups which blame president a missing man in god for failing

american woman. there was even southern states that had their legislatures pass resolutions asking hoover to make sure that this didn't happen. what hoover did was to divide the tea party into a couple different sessions, and the one that oscar's wife was invited to was a very carefully pre-selected small group of congresswomen who she knew wouldn't object. this got out in the press and depriest just pillared the southern state legislatures that had spoken up. this is the first roadblock he runs into. another one happens here in the house about where his office is located. >> when he has, you know people don't want their to be the extra. members say, i will not serve if -- they don't want to be serving with an african-american. and when we are doing some research on the history of who had what office in a different buildings, in the cannon house, just known as the house office building, it turned out that the place that depriest them was assigned was a bathroom. they ripped out the plumbing and made it a office for him. somebody has to wonder if they chose it at the last minute they thought that it wa

wisconsin state governesses he stands against the use of excessive force on black americans. 2 explosions in the southern philippines have killed at least 10 people several of his own in jude's in the town of holo ensued province initial reports say a homemade bomb on a motorbike exploded close to military vehicles there's been no claim of responsibility jamila dogan is a minute with the latest. these particular explosions today happened just as cheap away from whole lot cathedral which was also attacked early last year by armed groups which left at least 20 people dead now that attack last year was claimed by a group linked to icily which pledged allegiance to eisele though this particular attack there's been no claim of responsibility or any group owning up to this attack but local militia officers say that the 2nd bomb was actually detonated by a female suicide bomber this happens at the very difficult time at a time when just a few months ago for intel officers who were reportedly going after suspected bombers were killed at point blank range by local police officers but there is a question as to whe

so halfway on the program far from the world class hospitals in major cities americans and towns on the southern border are suffering the worst from that 19. past the point of no return $2900.00 so a record melt on greenland's ice sheet with irreversible consequences for the global sea level by 40 percent. we've got plenty of summer heat across central parts of europe but i've it was a northwest well we're still looking at some rather lively weather. bands of cloud continue to wrists well away in from the atlantic deep area of low pressure this one more the sort of weather of expect in the autumn we'll see these showers long spells of re gradually getting drifted away as we go on through into the weekend say things will gradually quieten down that's the remnants of what was a storm alan that's a cold front last making its way further south was in the swiss will see west of weather grassing making its way up it's was the baltic states latvia down across potence seeing some sundry downpours and breaking the heat whether those heavy showers they will extend their way all the way into austria and ac

americans had no intention of surrendering. just six days after they had launched the counter offensive, elements of patton's third army racing up from the south struck the german on his southernthe pressure was off the 101st airborne. the first american army attacked from the north. after the british struck the bulge on the west, the third army smashed north to link up with the first army. then the weather cleared and our planes took to the air, blasting the forces. >> the battle of the bulge was soon over. the enemy was retreating. the germans had thrown their last big sunday punch of the war. while the battle of the bull ge was going on in europe, the army was battling stiff japanese resistance on leyte. the fight for leyte was continue for months until nearly 50,000 fanatical japanese would be annihilated. our forces were spreading out in the philippines. sixth army troops landed on luzon and swept southward to capture thailand, only 65 miles from manila. 15 days later, men of the first cavalry division, fought their way into manila. the capture of manila included the prison camp. along with the filipino people, these prisoners had waited for this moment of liberation. of

there a record 71 new infections were reported on 5 day the majority of cases in those southern islands of american troops stationed there the bottom line is that our procedures for u.s. forces are stringent they are effect and what we have seen a growth in cases in a couple of our bases of the manage they have been contained and there has been absolutely no connection to that has been proven to show that there has been any spread from the the costers on the base and to the local community that speak to michael paine who's the president of the news agency and joins us from tokyo thank you so much for speaking to us what is causing this so-called explosive spread of coronavirus cases on all canal island and what does a state of emergency mean for the people living on a. right well the the rise in covert making cases across the country has been kind of steady for some weeks and it just hasn't . that trend upward trend has just continued on and on and now we're getting into more crisis levels in the case of open now and specifically the there is concern that perhaps the reason why it's hitting that is

far from world class hospitals in major cities americans in towns on the southern border suffering the worst from covert 19. and turkey finds a massive natural gas reserve in the black sea a discovery which could dramatically reduce the country's dependence on energy imports. russian doctors treating one of the kremlin's biggest critics have agreed to let him fly to germany for medical treatment the doctors in siberia backed down after initially insisting alexina valmy was too unwell to be moved the opposition leader collapsed on a plane on thursday after drinking tea that his aides believe was laced with poison of ali supporters accused russian authorities of trying to stop his evacuation or a challenge reports. what's going on inside this regional russian hospital is army slightly clearer than what's going on inside the body of its most famous patient with a plane waiting in to take it on conscious elect say no need to germany doctors spent most of the day saying he was too sick to move then late on friday a change of position also used to show my. relatives the wife of the brother o

southern kyushu. and therefore american casualties would be acceptable. and what we now know, which was released decades after the war, radio intelligence had uncovered the fact that the japanese had exactly anticipated that the first american invasion was going to take place on southern kyushu. they built this huge buildup of ground and air force over 10,000 aircraft. kamakf them, cozzi's -- azi's. 7000 troops. instead of us going on with overwhelming superiority, our assault would be facing 700,000 japanese. we now know a senior naval officer had never wanted to invade japan. he had been biding his time and -- time to bring on a showdown over whether an invasion should take place. by the ninth of august, 1945, with the intelligence he was prepared to bring on this huge showdown with the army over whether there should be any invasion of japan. surrender cutese that off before it reached the level of mr. truman having another review. host: let's take a call from tom, from west virginia. you are on with richard frank. we are talking about the 75th annivers

conducted by the smithsonian national museum of african american history and culture. and the southernral history program at the university of north carolina chapel ville. >> my parents were walter and fanny gay third. great falls was my father's own. my mother, fanny may was

civil rights and asked for voting rights it was because it was not just good for black americans and northern or southern was good for all of america to do this thing. when lincoln was called a liberator because of the emancipation. he said no, don't call me that. it was the antislavery movement and the union soldiers. i was an instrument. he was far more. he gave voice and leadership at that time. to what had to be done. it's that connection between the outside -- john lewis is that outside movement. to not be able to say he was a great man. when we understood what he did on the bridge that produced the great speech that johnson gave. and embraced the civil rights movement. we shall over come. it's incomprehensible to not understand what he was and represented. >> it will be interesting how people like you and others define what trump did in the moment of this pandemic. every president who has a crisis on their watch becomes defined on how they handle it. we have never seen someone deny the existence of a crisis and push an attitude of inaction. it will be interesting to see how it is remembered. thank

and what makes his pieces remarkable is he shows african-american soldiers guarding him, which for a southerner must have been a deep kind of humiliation, nice retribution at this point. >> i think we actually have that in the next slide. it's interesting too because he was so -- he painted so many artworks and such a huge, huge body of work that it was thought it was the work of more than one person but it seems to just be his. at new york historical society, the art collection, is a portfolio of 40 water colors and here just a kind can of selection of them. what do they depict just in general? there are so many. >> well, it depicts african-american guard selling some extras to a prisoner. maybe a potato or, you know, an extra ration. and on the left it shows a group of ladies who are touring the camp as if it's a tourist attraction and you have a soldier uninhibitedly bare chested washing his shirt, which is bug infested, and he's saying to the ladies, why is this camp so lousy? which even then had a double meaning. so they all had voiceboxes and, you know -- what do you call it, minstrel dia

francisco, offshore, you can see more rain in point reyes, inverness, over into fairfield, american canyon, highway 37. southernain on the way. through tomorrow morning, liz talked about the red flag warning continuing. we're also looking at precipitation chances continuing in the shaded area in blue. we're still looking at another trough that's going to interact with this big dome of high pressure. there's the cloud cover from the golden gate bridge. 60s santa rosa. through 10:00, we are hot. here is noontime, over 100 with the clouds and a several-day heat wave continues. and we'll talk about the extent of it and what you can expect for the rest of your sunday, next. >> all right, lisa, thank you. >>> developing news, fire crews are working to put out a brush fire in mendocino county. take a look at the flames and smoke here. this is off highway 175 near hopland. flames sparked at 6:15 this morning. it's unclear how big this fire is right now but we're keeping an eye on it. we'll bring you any updates as soon as we get them. >>> the summertime coronavirus caseload may have peaked in the u.s. but it is nowhere

governor says he's considering a state of emergency the majority of the cases in those southern islands in. on americantroops stationed in okinawa those are the headlines coming up next on al-jazeera inside story. 10 years ago a mining disaster in cuba dropped $33.00 now and the world watched as a 2 month rescue turned me tragedy into a miracle al-jazeera revisits the men once celebrated as national hero and asks how this ordeal changed their lives chilean miners after the rescue on the jersey. could the u.s. presidential election be delayed donald trump is criticised for suggesting postponing the vote in november but could mail in ballots on the coronavirus pandemics why the result this isn't some sort. of hello welcome to the program on imran khan the u.s. presidential election is planned to happen just over 3 months from now with the number of corona virus infection still rising in the world's worst affected country many states are making postal voting easier so americans won't need to queue polling stations.

american. her father, jamaican. her mother, southern india is where she is originally from.lenty of skirmishes the person she is now going to run alongside of. she had no problem arguing with him when we could all stand side-by-side and have the debates that we saw. what do you think her relationship will be with joe biden and how will the republicans respond to her? a lot will shine a light on her as they next successor. i am told that, as it relates to getting this pick, the most important aspect was that the vice president will be a heartbeat away from the president. to assume theg duties of commander-in-chief. in regards to republicans, in any ways, this is going to be sharp contrast. have a course want to vice presidential debate in the coming months ahead of the election. but in terms of their policies come on a host of issues ranging issuesonomic to social as well, there could not be more of a contrast between the current document -- the current occupant of the office, mike pence, and kamala harris. next 24old that in the hours, senator harris and former vice presiden

governor says he's considering a state of emergency the majority of the cases in those southern islands in. on american troops stationed in okinawa those are the headlines coming up next on al-jazeera inside story. 10 years ago a mining disaster in cuba dropped sooty screen and the world watched as a 2 month rescue turned new tragedy into a miracle al-jazeera revisits the men once celebrated as national bureau and asks how this ordeal changed their lives chilean miners after the rescue on the jersey. could the u.s. presidential election be delayed donald trump is criticised for suggesting a spawning the vote in november but could mail in ballots and the coronavirus pandemic spoil the result this is inside story. hello and welcome to the program on iran can the u.s. presidential election is planned to happen just over 3 months from now with the number of corona virus infections still rising in the world's worst affected country many states are making postal voting easier so americans won't need to queue polling stations but donald trump says the mail in ballots will lead to fraud without providing any e

american voters. the south flipped after that solidly republican and has mained republican ever since. this is the southerntrategy. and even though william f. buckley and some oth leading conservatives who eventually recanted their position and admitted that they were wrong. is it your view that the die was cast after 1964 for republicans and race? >> n i don't think it was cast. i think the fundamental flaw was when i was working on these races all these years, there was this phenomenon of the republican party hiring african-american political consultants to try to teach those candidates who were white, of which most of them were, and those of us working in the campaigns, most of whom were white, how to talk to african-americans. so the conceit there was there's -- the republican party really should be the natural home for african-americans because we're culturally conservative, the role of faith in the public square, entrepreneurship. it's just that blacks don't understand this. that's why they' not coming to us, which i mean, i think i bought that for a long time. but the reality was i think african-ame

reconstruction after a war that was not so lenient toward southern states and was going to ensure that political rights were extended to african-americans. ms. elloitt: the war ends in 1865. i have you get to be first african-american members of congress? it does not happen right that day. mr. wasniewski: it did not happen right away. the role of the radicals becomes more assertive after the end of the war. after lincoln was assassinated, president johnson takes over and has an even more lenient view than lincoln of how the southern states are going to be readmitted, and he is pushed constantly by the radical republicans. in a short time, roughly for five years, they pass a series of constitutional amendments and also laws that bring about the equality of african-americans in the south and that starts with the passage of the 13th amendment. that is ratified later that year, banning slavery, outlawing slavery once and for all in the u.s. but that was following with major legislation might the civil rights act of 1866, which extended citizenship rights to the freedmen and constitutional amendments like the 14th amendment. the 15th amendme

there is an opportunity for democrats to also target the south as more black americans and latinx people settle in southerntes. so we shouldn't write off folks, and we should think about jesse jackson and his 1998 dnc speech, a 50-state strategy to capture all democrats. and not ignore particular places especially if you have a mission and a statement of policy that should resonate with people across political spectrums. >> but how important is it in your view on day two and the days ahead that they do show more explicitly the bridge to the next generation? biden talked about it, he certainly lived up to it in the running mate as compared to other options. yet tonight had a lot of throwbacks. >> right. i think tomorrow, when they're doing the 17 rising stars, i think that's their attempt to show or to showcase the new, young leaders in particular states as potential democratic leaders. we know that stacey abrams is one of those individuals. i wouldn't consider her a rising star, she's a constellation and a set star. i would be curious to see how that list was chosen. but democrats need to be more explicit,

murray — who hadn't played on the tour since october — beat american frances tiafoe at the western and southernmorrow. fellow brits kyle edmund, cameron norrie and heather watson are however all out. what a game in store for us later. it's the german champions versus the french champions as bayern munich take on paris st germain in the champions league final. for bayern — victory would seal a eurpean/domestic treble — whilst for psg — it would be the first time they're crowned champions of europe. either way — despite there being no fans in lisbon — former bayern and england international owen hargreeves believes it'll be a special night.. it's beautifully poised, i mean the two best teams are in lisbon, really, notjust for the final, but, you know... and they are great to watch. the two most talented players in the world play for psg in mbeppe and neymar. the best player in the world plays for bayern munich right now and that is lewandowski. normally these are cagey games, aren't they? whereas there is, i don't think it has the capacity to be cagey, just because neither team really plays that

college history professor heather cox richardson talks about how southern social political and economic ideologies prevailed in the american west following the civil war. enjoy book tv on c-span2. >> you are watching book tv on c-span2 every weekend as latest nonfiction books and authors. c-span2, created by america's table collision company as a public service and brought to you today by your television provider. ♪ >> welcome to the commonwealth club, i'm george hammond, chair of the forum which organized today's events. i'm happy to welcome back a.j. baime who was here a year and half or so ago and his last book in this time we have him here virtually from his home and we will talk about his new book the 1948 election so we are going back 72 years for another election year and you'll be amazed at exactly how similar it sounds in some ways and in other ways very different and one of the difference is the politicians were younger then so that is one big difference but a.j., take it away and tell us about the overview of the book, a very good read by the way. >> thank you. i want to say a couple of things first. thank you s

what makes this piece remarkable is he shows african-american soldiers guarding him, which for a southerner must have been a deep kind of humiliation, which we know is nice retribution. valerie: i think we actually have that in the next slide. it is interesting because he was painted -- he painted so many artworks and it is such a huge body of work that it was thought of the work of more than one person, but it seems to just be his. at the new-york historical society, the art collection has a portfolio for watercolors. this is a selection of them. what did they depict in general? there are so many. harold: it depicts african-americans a guard, selling extras to a prisoner, maybe a potato or an extra ration. group offt, it shows a ladies who were touring the camp as if it was a tourist attraction, and you have a soldier bare chested, washing his shirt, which is bug invested, and he is saying to the ladies, why is this camp so lousy? which i think even then had a double meaning. and all had voice boxes minstrel dialect for the african-americans. bottom soldier said, the rail is on top now, wh