for a long time scientists believed that the antarctic ice sheet is more stable than greenland's they thought antarctica was just a slumbering giant that occasionally discharged an iceberg into the sea. sea currents carried the icebergs along the same bridge through what is called the iceberg alley towards chile as they approach warmer waters they melt. that patton gave polish scientist mike veba an idea if he could count how many icebergs had traveled through this alley in the past he could calculate how much ice antarctica stands to lose. the the how to find a key to unlock the past a past that's not to weigh at the bottom of the antarctic ocean at the depths of more than 3000 meters. icebergs contain debris as they melt this rock and soil fulls to the seabed and forms a layer of sediment the daybreak can be measured in core samples extracted from the sediment that allows scientists to calculate the number of icebergs that have traveled in on the particular everett. close to these niklaus and we dated the biggest event to 14600 years ago that was a period when sea levels rose by 16

for a long time scientists believed that the antarctic ice sheet is more stable than greenland's they thought antarctica was just a slumber in giant that occasionally discharged an iceberg into the sea. sea currents carried the icebergs along the same route through what is called the iceberg alley towards chile as they approach warmer waters they melt. that patton gave polish scientist mike an idea if he could count how many icebergs have traveled through this alley in the past he could calculate how much ice antarctica stands to lives. veba how to find a key to unlock the past a past that's not too way at the bottom of the antarctic ocean and the depths of more than 3000 meters. icebergs contain debris as they melt this rock and soil fulls to the seabed and forms a layer of sediment the daybreak can be measured in core samples extracted from the sediment that allows scientists to calculate the number of icebergs that have traveled along the particular every. oyster fundies niklaus and we dated the biggest event to 14600 years ago that was a period when sea levels rose by 60 meters in

there how to find a key to unlock the past a past that's not to weigh at the bottom of the antarctic ocean at the depths of modern 3000 meters. icebergs contain debris as they melt this rock and soil fulls to the sea bed and forms a layer of sediment the daybreak can be measured in core samples extracted from the sediment that allows scientists to calculate the number of icebergs that have. apple did on the particular everett. calista for his niklaus and we dated the biggest event to 14600 years ago that was a period when sea levels rose by 60 meters in about 400 years under 15 is. the settlement cause tell the story. during certain phrases the slumbering giant can awaken and the race of ice loss can soar among confidence in a can and be here we can see phases like here where there's very little sediment and stuff and here these are stable phases in the ice sheet they occur in both cold and warm periods but during what is called the glaciation there are phases where there's quite a bit of ice rafting there's debris carried by ice that's this period 14 and a half 1000 years ago that t

they vowed to find a key to unlock the past a past that's not too way at the bottom of the antarctic ocean as the depths of more than 3000 meters. icebergs contain debris as they melt this rock and soil fulls to the seabed and forms a layer of sediment the daybreak can be measured in core samples extracted from the sediment that allows scientists to calculate the number of icebergs that have traveled in on the particular average. cost of these niklaus and we've dated the biggest event to 14600 years ago that was a period when sea levels rose by 60 meters in about 400 years under 15 is. the sediment cause tell the story. during certain phases the slumbering giant can awaken and the rate of ice loss can soar one can fall from the can and be here we can see phases like here where there is very little sediment and here these are stable phases in the ice sheet they occur in both cold and warm periods during what is called the glaciation there are phases where there is quite a bit of ice rafting this debris carried by ice that's this period 14 and a half 1000 years ago that the drill calls

heating is believed to be due to cyclones propelling tropical western pacific water south towards the antarctice rest is being credited to human-induced climate change. returning to the coronavirus pandemic, and thousands of foreign food pickers are in limbo in chile because their savings are gone and the virus outbreak means borders are closed. many are from bolivia does not have full diplomatic ties with its neighbor because of a long-running territorial dispute. in the third part of our series on people stranded by the pandemic, our latin american editor reports from santiago. traveled some have thousands of kilometers from southern chile to get to this school in santiago. a refuge for stranded bolivians. here, they are given a mattress and blankets. a classroom where they join the others. most are seasonal workers who come to chile each year to pick fruit from october to march when summer ends. now it is winter, it is raining and cold. like the rest, the family has not been able to leave. >> bolivia closed the borders and declared a quarantine. they did not let buses or anyone cross, not ev

it would be more like an antarctic expedition where that expedition crew is actually in charge of helping go there not checking back in with home all the time. that's a function of the delay and the system. for our crew we got together and decided a lot of our own rules like how we would split up chores, if we would eat meals together, where we would work and try to make sure we weren't inadvertently self isolating within the isolation because that can lead to problems of crew cohesion and just social problems on the crew. we decided to eat every meal together. i don't know if that was the best decision but that's what we ended up doing >> one of the questions from twitter 's actually from florida they ask, i suppose it's because all of you have to be fit to some degree. i imagine you are exercising even inside the geodesic dome. the question is, what sort of protein were you eating? were these planned meals where you are trying to get as much protein? was a plant based? was it meat base? >> it was an omnivore menu for the most part. we alternated where we ate preprepared meals and then d

throughout the ocean so people that rely on seafood for the economic and social media healthy area of the antarctic. in particular russia right now has an opportunity. it's a leadership role in supporting the establishment of this marine ecoterrorists area you need a single largest on servatius act history on the 200 anniversary of russian history in our office so those are the kinds of. of an issue i think are more important investing and we know that there are special parts of the world that we can set aside and that the benefit of that humanity for a part of me to our health is tremendous if we can do that and i'm to go as we have an opportunity this year as russia has an opportunity to play a leadership role in this year about protecting the syrian article it would be transformative. because we can protect alternately 30 percent of our ocean and we can we can stop the biodiversity decline threatens all it's those are the kinds of innovative ideas that we need to be established you know and if and leverage and you need to use large areas of the world let's set aside a few small areas so that nat

will pass quite soon welcome to the antarctic ocean we've got a cold front behind us and the seas are rough. below deck the crew are mostly protected from the elements and can enjoy a few conveniences nothing that serious of course but the food is better than it was on the 19th century ships there's no time for cooking so they just pull hot water on these ready to eat meals. the coastal area around cape horn office no protection the ships have to cope with stormy seas on their own and if something goes wrong help is a long way off. as i'm speaking for it's not really an on invariants when we're saving from australia to cape horn here is always a factor and we know that eventually we're going to have to turn south and head for the cape we have to deal with the weather no matter what we just hope that and see will have mercy on us and let a sail through the rocks pretty good nutrition and as you know new things and environments. oh. here we are at cape horn. yes. some stuff coming up and you can see the outline of the rocks. they seem strange and mysterious. this may be the most remote

it is believed to be due to cyclons propelling tropical western pacific water south towards the antarctic peninsula the rest is being credited to human induced climate change. returning to the coronavirus pandemic and thousands of foreign fruit pickers are in limbo in chile because their savings are gone and the virus outbreak means borders are closed many are from bolivia which doesn't have full diplomatic ties with its neighbor because of a long running territorial dispute in the 3rd part of our series on people stranded by the pandemic are latin america editor lucien human reports from santiago. some have traveled thousands of kilometers from southern chile to get to this school in santiago to date a refuge for stranded bolivians here they're given a mattress and blankets and assigned a classroom where they join the others. mostly seasonal workers who come to chile each year to pick fruit from october to march when summer ends but now it's winter it's raining and cold and like the rest of the government's family hasn't been able to leave home and in bolivia close the borders and declar

violent groups are also taking advantage of the demonstrations, including white supremacists and antarctic>a new study says that he won't implement a statewide curfew for now, but he is bringing several thousands of members of the national guard. ashley zavala explains the state's response to demonstrations here at the state capitol barricades are up around the building in anticipation of more protests that could turn destructive. the governor pleading for peace as protests continue throughout california pandemic on top of the pandemic governor gavin newsome sympathizing with george floyd supporters the black community is not responsible for what's happening in this country right now we are after demonstrations consumed california over the weekend to some destruction could be seen just outside of newsom's office the governor won't issue a statewide curfew leaving that up to local leaders, the looting. >>the violence. the threats. against fellow human beings. and has no place in this state in this nation. the governor says he's called up 4500 members of the national guard to california whic

the antarctic peninsula where there is less sea ice, they have been finding more krill.e very few. now we know. they swim four times faster than they will, did you know that? i would have said the disparity would be even greater than that. they are pretty slow waddle is overland. the owner of 17 of the uk's biggest shopping centres, including the metrocentre in gateshead and lakeside in essex, was struggling with big debts before the coronavirus crisis. now it is in urgent talks with lenders to avoid administration. sean is outside the trafford centre in manchester for us. the trafford centre is also part of the intu chain. 6:20am but that looks so empty. good morning. 0rdinarily you'd expect it to look like this but the last few months it's look like this during peak times. 30 million would normally be passing through the trafford centre in manchester with debenhams, selfridges, john lewis, all major tenants. huge food courts, cinemark, lots of people looking to spend a lot of money so you might wonder why intu, the owners here and donors of plenty of shopping centres a