franklin roosevelt signed the atlantic charter.ack due east and fast forward eight decades and on england's atlantic coast, their modern day successors, boris johnson and joe biden, have signed anew. what the g7 leaders who convened on friday may not know is that cornwall in england's far south—west is a county of changeable weather. atlantic squalls can blow up without warning and through the surf is slight, the water may be turning underneath. henry, in terms of the relationship between the uk and the united states, first of all, since they were the signatories of the original atlantic charter, boris johnson described it as being like a breath of fresh air dealing with the biden administration, but i wonder if the air is blowing hot or cold at the moment between london and washington? well, i think this reminds me a little bit of when obama became president and all of europe gave a sigh of relief, basically because he was not george w bush. the same dynamic is happening here, where leaders are smiling and feeling there is a sprin

in the turbulent world of atlantic warfare. nothing was more important than learning whether and how to form loyal units alliances and coalitions in the face of superior power. the enslaved had won this wisdom through hard experience on the gold coast before coming to africa where they learned that a new and with different particulars in order to make war on their masters. former slave and military veteran of the seven years' war a lot of equiano famously defined slavery itself as a perpetual state of war. this was not war in the conventional sense between distinct armies directed by the rulers of states rather mastery was by its nature of forceful assault to be met with simmering violence ignited by the resentment against the fraud rapine and cruelty of slaveholders. to the slaveholders equiano asked are you not hourly in dread of an insurrection? and was not a rhetorical question. since the early days of jamaica slave society slaveholders had often considered the enslaved as quote irreconcilable and yet intestine enemies made

so not passed into the atlantic -- fast out into the atlantic. there are other kinds of vessels used. we talked about the egyptian vessel and the greek one and the roman warship at how those vessels, galleys, were not really suited for long-distance travel. or travel on a ferocious ocean. you can see the viking appears -- ship appears the same way. not much freeboard, the distance between the top and the waterline. a rough water would be rough for this water. relatively small, probably about 60 or 70 feet long. we can see from this -- this is an archaeological expertise -- excavation, a real viking longboat. we can see the remnants of a mast here. these are the kinds of vessels that these vikings used to sail out onto the atlantic. where did they go? we saw they went down the coast of europe, they went to the faroe islands and the shetland islands and ireland and scotland. they also ventured a little bit further as well. they ventured first to iceland. again, the journey from the north of scotland towards iceland is not all that far. 300 and hund

northeastern university professor william fowler on early atlantic exploration. christopher columbus and the discover of the caribbean and the american by europeans. the 1975 nasa film who's out there with orson wells and carl sagan, exploring the possibility of extra terrestrial life. sunday at 6:00 p.m. eastern on american artifacts. see a mock world war i trench part of a living exhibit in carlyle, pennsylvania. sunday at 8:00 p.m. eastern on the presidency, hear how first ladies jacqueline kennedy, lady bird johnson and pat nixon worked to preserve the historic nature of the white house. watch american history tv this weekend on cspan3. >>> next the centers for disease control and prevention mark the 70th anniversary of the agency's epidemic intelligence services program which was created to investigate and respond to infectious diseases. this is two hours, 20 minutes. >> hello, welcome to the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the epidemic intelligence service. my name is eric pevzner, an alum and chief of the program. unprecedented. that is a word i hav

the atlantic charter back in i the atlantic charter back in 1941— the atlantic charter back in 1941 hadact- the atlantic charter back in 1941 had a big impact in- 1941 had a big impact in charting _ 1941 had a big impact in charting the _ 1941 had a big impact in charting the immediatej 1941 had a big impact in- charting the immediate course of postwar _ charting the immediate course of postwar history. _ charting the immediate course of postwar history. we - charting the immediate course of postwar history. we will - charting the immediate course| of postwar history. we will see if this— of postwar history. we will see if this one _ of postwar history. we will see if this one has _ of postwar history. we will see if this one has the _ of postwar history. we will see if this one has the same - if this one has the same impact _ if this one has the same impact it— if this one has the same impact. it is— if this one has the same impact. it is a _ if this one has the same impact. it is a positive l impact. it is a positive gesture _ impact. it is a positive gesture. on _ impact. it is a pos

it just switches from the atlantic to these coastal regions. thirdly, it's a very good example of bottom-up history. what we mean by that is ordinary men, women, and children are acting in such a way that not only does it get the attention of the authorities in richmond, as well as merchants and slave traders in richmond and new orleans, and even is keeping the corridors of power busy in washington, as well as london. finally, i think this story of freedom's proximity is a useful example of history as a transnational process. this type of story makes no sense if you are just doing united states history. it doesn't make sense if you are just doing british history, or for that matter caribbean, or even bahamian history. what it does is it occupies these sort of edges of nationalist narrative histories, and it's in those inter connections where we find fascinating material. if we can and with a shameless plug of the book, and i encourage, for those of you who are interested to please buy it. thank you very much. >> thanks very much, simply fascina

first of all, the atlantic charter, a very clever idea. _ i'd like to know whose it was.g for me that - americans were prepared to mark this first meeting with this gesture i because it is quite a big gesture and it sort of brings echoes of roosevelt and churchill. which is great for one - of churchill's biographers, one borisjohnson. so i am struck that they have done it. | the atlantic charter back in 1941 had a big impact in charting - and it sort of brings echoes of roosevelt and churchill. which is great for one - of churchill's biographers, one borisjohnson. so i am struck that they have done it. | the atlantic charter back in 1941 had a big impact in charting - the immediate course of postwar history. i we will see if this one has the same impact. | it is a positive gesture. onjoe biden, look, he comes from a modest background. . the son of a used car salesman, - brought up in scranton pennsylvania lwhich was an archetypal rustbelt| town in the '60s, '70s, and 80's. and now it is doing a bit better. he is a lifelong politician. he was, to be frank, _ a pretty avera

according to two important secondary sources one by philip curtin's book in 1969 on the atlantic trade and the voyages database out of emory university in atlanta. anywhere between 348,000 to 253,000 africans arrived in british north america / united states between 1700 and 1807. in 1787 as part of building a new nation, of course, we've got the us constitution which essentially are includes bundle of compromises. over the slave trade and slavery that is because northern states for northern states slavery was politically and economically far less important than for southern states. one of these compromises was a law banning interference by congress with the slave trade for 20 years. until 1808 on march the second 1807 19 years later united states congress passed an act of abolition. essentially banning the participation of american citizens in trading africans in the atlantic section 9 of that 18007 act read as follows. section 9 required every ship quote sailing coastwise. this is language from the act itself. with slaves provide quote duplicate manifests and of quote of the ship's ca

what is the atlantic? we have no idea what the atlantic is, the atlantic has been certainly since the end of the cold war, european countries incapable of developing their own independent foreign and domestic and economic policy, basically blindly following the united states into places like a dentist dance and syria and libya and misadventure after misadventure. china is the big enemy of the defense secretary austin said we have to start acting like china is the and i mean, not just thinking like they are the enemy and this is how it works. this is how the us military industrial complex works. you invent enemy, where it's a global war on terrorism, or the global fight against co good, or the global fight against china. you invent these bogeyman, and then you spend hundreds and hundreds of billions and trillions of dollars that go into the pockets of well connected companies. well connected, think tanks in the washington beltway, and that's what keeps the machine going with the machine is going to end. bec

the delaware are columbus crossing the atlantic. take your pick.but in any case he is a brave and persistence and a good commander. a good commander keeps water among his men. and among the three vessels unto his command. the voyage and here you see the the first voyage columbus will altogether make four voyages. four voyages but let's just look at the first voyage was which is not the top here in the yellow. sailing west boy was columbus lucky. he's sailing in august and september across. this part of the world the kind of not quite the south atlantic but what? what? this columbus avoid he's blessed. hurricanes think about it now. he didn't know columbus didn't know it was the hurricane season. but he's sailing in the hurricane season. no hurricanes at least he didn't encounter any. very lucky does another wise thing too? as the sailing west they begin to see a flotsam and stuff in the water, you know again birds occasionally so like the vikings i said, well it must be land somewhere near and columbus is on a course. that's nearly due west. due we

not reall . to sign a new atlantic treaty? not really. because _ to sign a new atlantic treaty?at the prime minister clearly wanted to do is open the account it a very positive way was a very deliberate suggestions going back to winston churchill, 1941 no accident there. and knowing full well that president biden is somebody who didn't think brexit was a very good idea, had certainly noticed that he, boris johnson had been very close to donald trump. and therefore there was a degree of reset that was required. i think the renovation of the atlantic charter with masses of stuff in it is a very ambitious way of trying to reset the balance of relationship. i'm not surprised that that was the intention because there is plenty of nitty—gritty stuff in the rest of the agenda which is not to be that straightforward. it can't just be ticked off by the two men is it excellent start in updating this charter. ., ., ., ' . , charter. for all of the difficulties eo - le charter. for all of the difficulties people interpret _ charter. for all of the difficulties people interpret in _ charter.

the two are expected to sign a new atlantic charter.will we see a resumption in transatlantic travel? the ecb, as expected, signaled that pepp bond buying will be continue to be conducted at a significantly higher pace. u.k. health secretary matt hancock says the decision to take or trickle off the green list was clear-cut -- to take portugal off the green list was clear-cut. we will speak to the easyjet ceo about just how transparent that process is. let's take a look at the markets, equities,

and that is for today with the talk about the atlantic charter.urse that suits both leaders to talk about a new atlantic charter. it invokes the wartime spirit. you have joe biden, this roosevelt figure with the enormous amount of spending he is putting into tried to put the u.s. economy on and even kill. and you have -- and even keel. and you have boris johnson, the biographer of churchill. whether or not it is as tight auld like others to believe it is an open question. as we know, joe biden in the campaign in 2020, he did think orest johnson was a pale imition of donald trump -- he did think boris johnson was a pale imitation of donald trump. so far it has been smiles and elbow bumps alonthe way. >> how significant is this new atlantic charter, 80 years on from world war ii? what is in it? >> it is different, of course, to the document signed in 1941. it is looking to new challenges. joe biden said they're looking at a shared purpose when it comes to cybersecurity, a crucially important thing for all the g-7 countries particularly on one eye on

that goodwill could be -- that the alliance across the atlantic counts.can concern about a standoff between that u.k. and the eu and how it is affecting northern ireland. >> the single most important fact for the world security prosperity has been that relationship between north america and europe, in particular between the united states and the u.k. so it is an incredibly important strategic relationship. the talks were very good. there is no question under president biden there's a massive amount the new u.s. administration wants to do, together with the u.k., on everything from security working together on all the issues, protecting our values around the worl together, also on climate change. so it is a big breath of fresh air. it is new, interesting, and we are working. hard together. one thing we all want to do is uphold the good friday agreement. and make sure we keep the balance of the peace process going. that is absolutely common ground. i am optimistic we can do that. >> there is no question this summit by the sam's -- sands marks a shift,, the

when scholars in the atlantic world 1st applied the principles of mathematics. and jim can be a british professor of theoretical physics born in baghdad. i'm going to look at how the mathematical underpinnings of science apply today and trace their routes back to this golden age. ah, ah, ah . the hazy ation is one of the most remarkable achievements of modern science. and in order to be sure that the plains we fill, stay in the sky, we needed to mark the mathematics of the week. come on the and the green, who's a jet pilot and a mathematician, the we'll strike and you have a mathematical background. so you understand more than most the mathematics involved in a ation employee. absolutely, it is a great way to be able to understand how to fly an airplane to understand the dynamics of what's actually going on in the aircraft. because i can actually dig into the equations and understand the science behind it. the, the mathematics that i'm interested in is something called a quadratic equation. square equation, the unknown quantity, x times itself, the square lower

the north atlantic.we do not scatter ourselves and we do not bias our future relationship with china." first of all, i reflect what all allies agreed and one of the important decisions we made at the summit was that we agreed on a unified clear position on china. all allies agreed to that. secondly, yes, nato is a north atlantic alliance but we are affected by global threats and challenges including china. crosstalk forgive me but macron�*s point is that we in nato have many serious challenges close to home, not least with vladimir putin and we must not, to quote macron, "distract ourselves" by getting involved on the level you have with china. firstly, we all agreed on the message from the summit and you just quoted from that statement, our communique. second, nato does not have the luxury of choosing one threat or another. we need to address russia�*s aggressive actions and we also need to address the security consequences of the rise of china. we cannot choose. we do not have that luxury. secondly, th

it is cooperating militarily with russia, including through exercises in the you to your atlantic area. we all sort remain concerned about china's use of this information. nato leaders cold on final to up all it's in national commitments and to act responsibly in the national system, including in space, cyber and maritime domains, in keeping with his role as a major power. today leaders agreed our ambitious natal 2030 agenda to ensure the alliance comes face the challenges and sets of today and tomorrow. we took concrete decisions in 8 she areas. first we agreed on hans nato as the chance atlantic forum for consultations and joint action on all matters related to our security. and we agreed to strengthen and broaden our political consultation on coordination. second, we agreed to re enforce our turns on the fence by strengthening nate to us the framework for the fence of the unit plants area and re committing to the defense industrial stage we made in 2014 3rd. we agreed to strengthen the resilience, our societies, with a new resilience commitment by nato leaders. we will develop nate,

however, uptake of the system was slow, both in the atlantic world and in europe. in florence, in 1299, they banned these numerals on the pretext that they were easier to falsify than roman numerals. however, common sense eventually prevailed, and the numeral system was adopted throughout europe in the 15th century, 600 years after as introduced to the atlantic world. mister fields moody. if computer encryption from email, confidentiality to government security, encryption plays a big role in an increasingly online digital world. and the study of encryption goes all the way back to the 9th century and the work of another famous mathematician from beta hickman. this is a very interesting book. i'm trying to figure out exactly what it's telling us. it's a book by l. kendy, the philosopher of the arabs. now kennedy was a great poly math. he was a philosopher. he was a mathematician. he was a musician. and i think the part here he talks about, he's got to disc with the arabic alphabet, and he talks about counting the number a particular symbol appears. l. kendy figures

they also agreed a new atlantic charter.ed the us is buying 500 million doses of the pfizer vaccine to donate, while the uk said it would donate 100 million doses. the united states was worst hit by the pandemic amongst g7 democracies over the first year of covid—19. the analysis, for the bbc by the health foundation, looked at updated excess death figures by measuring deaths above expected levels for a normal year. now on bbc news, our world.

. >> next, tony blinken talks about lgbtq foreign policy priorities at an event hosted by the atlantic council. this runs 40 minutes. >> hello and welcome to this special edition of frontpage. welcome to this special edition of frontpage, the atlantic council ideas platform for global leaders . i'm a journalist with the washington post and msnbc. thank you for joining us today. across the country and around the world the month of june is dedicated to celebrating and recognizing the lgbtqi community but both at home and abroad there are significant challenges that affect the everyday lives of lgbtqi individuals. in his first year in office president biden and his administration have an opportunity to advocate for the social economic and political inequalities for gendered minorities . already the state department has encouraged us missions to fly the pride flag in solidarity with a global lgbtqi community and by taking a more assertive approach to lgbtqi foreign-policy so the us government has a chance to accept change and lift the needle on human rights around the world. today i'm deli

north atlantic.catter ourselves "and we don't bias our future relationship with china." first of all, what i reflect is what all allies have agreed. and one of the important decisions we made at this summit was that we agreed on a unified, clear position on china and all allies agreed to that. second, yes, nato is an alliance of north america and europe, a transatlantic alliance, but we are affected by global threats and challenges, including china. it's not about... macron�*s point is... forgive me, but macron�*s point is, "we in nato have many serious challenges close to home, "not least with vladimir putin. "we must not. to quote macron, "we must not distract ourselves by getting involved..." ..on the level you have with china. first of all, we all agreed on the message from the summit. and you just quoted from that statement, or the communique. and second, nato doesn't have the luxury of choosing either one or another threat or challenge. we need to address russia's aggressive actions, but we als

franklin roosevelt signed the atlantic charter.biden, have signed anew. what the g7 leaders who convened on friday may not know is that cornwall in england's far south—west is a county of changeable weather. atlantic squalls can blow up without warning and through the surf is slight, the water may be turning underneath. henry, in terms of the relationship between the uk and the united states, first of all, since they were the signatories of the original atlantic charter, boris johnson described it as being like a breath of fresh air dealing with the biden administration, but i wonder if the air is blowing hot or cold at the moment between london and washington?