this is a concept that was banned by peter singer, the first endorsed by charles darwin more than a century for. the idea is that evolution because leaves us with a sense of empathy. unfortunately my default we apply it only to a narrow circle of things and families. over the course of history you can see these circles of empathy's expanding to embrace not just to the families, the village, the cop land, the tribe, the nation, other races, both sexes, the children, and eventually to other scented beings and species. this just begs the question of what expanded the circle, and as i hinted earlier, technologies that increase cosmopolitan may have that effect, the growing appreciation of hitter -- history, literature, journalism, growing opportunities for trouble. and we know from the social psychology laboratory that if you get a person to adopt the perspective of some other real or fictitious person they are more sympathetic for that person and are more sympathetic to the category of people that that individual represents. historical evidence includes the fact that in the 17th and 18th centu