we thought that that broke up after charlottesville. we thought we had put them down. as i monitored them for those years, you could see that they had gone underground. what was happening was they were congealing. and by the summer of 2020 with the george floyd protest, they had come back together as a paramilitary of the trump campaign unofficially. and in -- after the 2020 election, they have appointed themselves an insurgency. they carried out exactly what i predicted last november. the first insurrection of what i suspect will be many insurrections. we are dealing with an insurgency in the united states, and they are now organized under the banner of trump. >> my pin tweet on twitter says exactly that, that the republican party, representative swalwell, is harboring that insurgency and it is a white nationalist insurgency, let's just be blunt. it breaks down along the lines of this idea of replacement theory, which malcolm just mentioned. so replacement theory, representative swalwell, here's tucker carlson promoting replacement theory, which is a core white nation

. >> a great topic what you talk about charlottesville -- >> charlotte. >> charlottesville would be easy city where you live. >> right, for people who may not remember, the first black student in the university, he moved to charlotte in the 70s and washa elected to city councl and mid-seventies and in 1977112 years after civil war a local client group who wanted to put a confederate monument on the court on the grounds of city hall in charlotte and most of the time these things would have gone without question and even though the monuments didn't end up on the grounds of city hall, began as one of the earliest members of the city council and the years after the voting rights act passed calls into question and he has a grasp of history and what that his treatment to him. he was brought up in south carolina, surrounded by the confederacy in south carolina. what he learned in charleston and had grown up with the history that was more factual than lost cause.as he felt it was important that he speak up and a representative of the black community and set these monuments, if the confederacy on

. >> and charlotte. >> charlottesville would be easy. >> the obvious reasons that she did in the city you live in. >> harvey people who may not remember he was the black student to integrate the clinton university and he moved to charlotte in the 70s and elected to the city council in the mid-70s and in 197-7112 years after the civil war there was a local guy and a group that wanted to put a confederate monument on the grounds of city hall in charlotte and most of the time these things would've gone upng without question even thoughn the monument did end up on the ground of city hall harvey is one of the b earliest members of the city council in the years after the voting rights act calls us into question. and of history and what that meant to him he has grown up in charleston south carolina surrounded by theur confederacyn charleston south carolina. in the black public schools in charleston he grown up with a history that was more factual than a t lost cause and he thout it was very important that he speak up as a a representative f the black community and say these monuments, the co

>> hybrid. >> i just saw the exit from your book where you stated about charlottesville. as one if you saw the whole video we condense everybody so why didn't she put the whole thing in there instead of people on both sides? this man has been called a racist over a fallacy and you know that. but you keep going with the same thing. have a great day mr. wolf. >> thanks. brenda in indiana go ahead. >> caller: i was wondering whether any whisperings or rumors in the white house that donald trump might issue a blanket pardon to all the people who were at the capitol on january 6? it is my understanding that jimmy carter issued a blanket pardon to all of the draft dodgers that avoided the vietnam war. so it seems as though a blanket pardon is possible. did trump ever consider blanket pardoning all of his support of soldiers or did he just leave them on the battlefield? thank you. >> if so i don't know that that happened. next next in warrensburg missouri, go ahead. >> caller: and what if use of the video were all the people were marching up to the capitol. trump always terroris

charlottesville is the need to mistake it for.t for people who may not remember he was the first black student to integrate the university and he moved to charlotte in the 70s and he was elected to the city council in the mid-70s and the 197-7112 years after the civil war there was a local guy in the group that wanted to put it that confederate monument on the grounds of city hall in charlotte and most of the time these things would have gone without question and even though the monument did end up on the grounds of city hall harvey gantt was one of the earliest members of the city council in the years after the voting rights act passed and called this into question. and he has such a grasp of history and what that history meant to him. he was brought up in charleston south carolina and he was surrounded by the confederacy in charleston, south carolina. and the history that he learned in the lack public schools in charleston that he grew up with was a history was more factual than the lost cause and he felt it was very important t

it was exacerbated by what happened in charlottesville, and once again, a terrible tragedy. people were killed. there was violence there in charlottesville, and then last summer, we have a policeman kill george floyd, which is currently -- he's currently on trial for, but in the south, the reaction to what they saw in minneapolis was to turn on the confederate monuments because confederate monuments represent to them, to more of a plurality of southerners, not just african americans, systemic racism and white supremacy and police brutality that's born out f those two things. -- out of those two thing. and now we're seeing like these statues are just mired in the politics of divisiveness that exists and has existed and has been building for the last several years. >> uh-huh. >> and it's become a national issue, not just a regional, but a national issue. and that's probably why, you know, we're, you know, we are having -- why i wrote the book, why we are still having this conversation, and lastly i would just say the ways in which the south has responded, that is, white legisl

and the fake news narrative that trump said they are very fine people on both sides and charlottesville. that came around by the end of the presidency. the broader trump quote he says you have some very bad people we also have people were fine people on both sides. and i don't understand why that is a hoax. >> it's the next page over. it's right after he said very fine people not the neo-nazi i condemned them totally that's the exact quote. not the neo-nazi i condemned them in less than a minute later and that was totally ignored because it was 61 seconds after he said there's fine people on both sides. but literally one minute later he said but not the neo-nazi. i don't how much better he can do then to say not the neo-nazi. >> but it is a there's very fine people on both sides. maybe i am a literalist. and i saw the condemnation of the neo-nazi myself and you see condemned those people and said very fine people on both sides. i don't see how that is a hoax so is it your contention that people deliberately chopped off that other context and pretended it didn't exist quick. >> over time

. >> remember this from charlottesville? >> jews will not replace us.zis and white supremacists in charlottesville saying jews will not replace us. >> no question about it. you look at that and charlottesville and you look at what happened january 6th, what you are seeing now is america bringing out a lot of the true color of this country. whether it is antirhetoric, look at this panel, it is bakari sellers and don lemon and ana navarro. this is not the america that they want the seement. a lot of things we are seeing are not because of the 2020 election. it is because of the census and what we knew is no such thing as economic anxiety. the medial did disservice of calling that. it is not true but that's how they feel and they're showing out with the violence and they're showing out with the anti-semitism and their racism. we are pealing the band daid of who we are. >> i want you to look at this whole replacement idea, it is not just the white nationalist rally, where else? on the . >> the democratic party is trying to replace the current electorate, th

even before the shocking violence of august 2017, researchers and educators in charlottesville have beenonism in the region predict any efforts to recover this history were doubled after the attacks in our city the efforts have made a difference in recognition of the fact that over half of the populations county in virginia was on the eve of civil war the fact that many meant unthought in a union regimen in our city now celebrates march 3rd, as liberation and freedom day to mark the moment in 1865 when the forces took possession of charlottesville and brought liberation to the region read the message here of course is the public history conductive collectively by a wide range of students and educators and researchers has afforded us within a lens. and a second way in which modern scholarship informed of my book was in the conviction that our grand narratives are more compelling when they include a wide range ofof voices and experiences and blend a range of historical methodology and political cultural and so on and more than ever now, civil war integrates the events of the battleth front

you look at charlottesville and what happened january 6th.is the browning of america bringing out a lot of the true colors of this country, whether or not it's the anti-semitic racism or the xenophobia. look at this panel. right now steven miller and donald trump are at mar-a-lago and they're throwing up because this is not the america they want to see. i actually go as far as saying that a lot of the things that we see going on politically, especially when it comes to voting rights throughout the country are not because of the 2020 election. it's because of this census and what we knew is that there's no such thing as economic anxiety. the media did a disservice calling it that. it's cultural anxiety. there are people who feel as if they're being replaced. it's not true, but that's how they feel. they're showing out with their violence, with their anti-semitism, racism, xenophobia and bigotry. we're just peeling the bandaid off who we really are. >> they're showing out especially in some conservative places in media. i want you to look anoth

bjorn: a great topic, one of the people that you talk about is harvey, from charlottesville.en: charlotte's. it's easy to confuse. bjorn: the things that harvey did in the city. karen: right so harvey began, maybe people do not remember, he was first black students who integrated at the university had a move charlotte in the 70s and he was elected to the city council . those in the mid- 70s. and in 1977. 112 years since the civil war. there was a local guy, a group that wanted to put it confederate monuments the grounds of city: charlotte. most of the times these things would've gone without question. and even though the monuments actually did end up on the grounds of city hall, he began is one of the earliest members of the city council in the years after the voting rights act. because this into question. he is such a grasp of history and what that his treatment to him. he was brought up in charleston, south carolina he was surrounded by the confederacy. in history that he learned was that in his the black public schools in charleston, that he had grown up with was in histor

this was given an impetus by my hometown ofer charlottesville virginia. the shocking violence of august 2017, researchers and educators in charlottesville have been hard at work recovering a suppressed history of black unionism in the region. the efforts to recover were redoubled after the attacks on the city and the efforts have made a difference in the recognition of the fact that over half of the population and county and the fact many black men thought in the union regimen the city now celebrates march 3rd as liberation and freedom day to mark the moment in 1865 when the union forces took possession of charlottesville and brought liberation to t the region. the message of course is that public history conducted collectively by the wide range of students and educators and researchers have afforded us with a new lens of viewing our civic life. a second way in which the modern scholarship informed my book was the conviction that the grand narratives are more compelling when they include a wide range of voices and experiences and blend the range of histor

-we even before the shocking violence of august 2017 researchers and educators in charlottesville haverd at work recovering a press history in the region. the efforts to recover this history were redoubled the attack on our city and those efforts have made a difference in recognition of the fact that over half of the population was on the eve of the civil war and the fact that many black men fought in the union regiment. the city now celebrates march 3 as liberation and freedom day to mark the moment in 1865 when union forces tookk possession of charlottesville and brought liberation to the region. the message is a history conducted collectively by a wide range of students and educators and researchers and supported us with a new lens. a second way in which modern scholarship and form my book was in the conviction that our grand narratives are more compelling when they include a wide range of voices and experiences and methodologies military coup political and culture and so on. more than ever civil war integrates the battlefront and the various methods for studying the past i was dete

this was given a power -- powerful -- in my hometown of charlotte's -- charlottesville.earchers and educators in charlottesville have been hard at work recovering a history of unionism in the region. the efforts to recover its history will be doubled after the attacks on our city and the efforts have made a difference in recognition of the fact that over half of the population of virginia was enslaved on the eve of the civil war and the fact many black man fought in union regiments. their city now celebrates march march 3 liberation and freedom day marks the moment in 1865 when they took possession of charlottesville and brought liberation to the region. the public history conducted collectively by a wide range of students and educators and researchers have ordered us with a new lens. the second way in which modern fellowship in for my book is in the conviction that are grand narratives are more compelling when they include a wide range of experiences and bland a range of methodologies to military and political culture. more than ever before civil war integrates the even

one of the fellows who was marching in charlottesville was allowed to say whatever he wants and thenat happened to him? >> he was more than allowed to say what he wants, he was protected by police. he was protected. he was screaming those ridiculous hideous things. this lowlife was absolutely protected as much as you are i are and even at the hotdog restaurant where he works he doesn't have a job any more. this perfectly illustrates the public-private rules that we have. he goes back to the free-speech workplace and finds his free speech isn't so respected their and the owner of the hotdog place as we respect their employees and they are free to make their own choices but they must accept responsibility and that is no more job. that same week these two halfwits go to berlin standing in berlin and they raise a salute and within 10 seconds they are arrested. this perfectly illustrates how various countries handle it. you can't do that in germany. >> almost every day we are hearing examples and the stories are everywhere. censorship doesn't have to be about books and it doesn't have to

>> what about charlottesville, virginia? >> yes, charlottesville, virginia.that was one two years ago? the neo-nazis and other right-wing groups wanted to meet. what were they protesting? taking down confederate war monuments. so who showed up? antifa on the left showed up. black lives matter showed up. the two groups clashed. cops can't deny them the right. free speech, freedom of assembly means you are free to say what you want so long as you stay within those parameters, even though you might not like what the other side is saying, they have a right to what? say it. that gentleman is what makes america great. yes? >> what about when it comes to the destruction of property? what happens when it comes to destruction of property? >> the destruction of property is still against the law it, is against the law. but invariably these groups when that happens, when the violence breaks, out their excuse always is on the left or right is what? it was self-defense, we were defending ourselves. yes? >> does the government have the right to do what they did to go into w

. >> the charlottesville hoax i see a phrase in media in critiques of mainstream media and in that sectiont the fake news narrative that trump said there were very fine people on both sides that follows him around to the presidency but the broader trump quote that you include that you have some very bad people in that group but those that were fine people on both sides and i literally don't understand why this is a hoax. >> it's the next page over one minute after he said very fine people he said not the neo-nazis. i condemned them totally. that is the exact quote. not the neo-nazis i condemned them totally it's right there in the book less than one minute later he says the neo-nazis he condemns them and i was totally ignored because 61 seconds after he said there's fine people on both sides so the media conveniently cut it off and a story but literally one minute later he says not the neo-nazis to know how much better he can do to say not the neo-nazis. >> but he did say there's very fine people on both sides. maybe i am a literalist and with that condemnation of the neo-nazis myself and

one of those marching with white supremacists in charlottesville, he's alive to say whatever he wants that's free speech. then what happened? >> he was more than allowed to say what he wants, is protected by police to say what he want caring that tiki torch and. [screaming] ridiculous hideous things. this lowlife was absolutely protected as much as you or i work and then he goes to our dock restaurantth where he works and the doors shut and he doesn't have a job anymore. >> agatha. >> it illustrates why we have what we have. i want to add one more thing. he goes back to the free-speech university, berkeley and finds his free speech isn't respected there. the owner of the hot dog place safely respect our workers rights, but they must accept responsibility, that is no more job. that same week hapless chinese tourists go to berlin standing in front and they raise a salute and ten seconds they are arrested so it perfectly illustrates how various countries and you can't do that .in germany. >> almost every day we are hearing examples, these stories are everywhere.ar censorship doesn't have

. >> nobody who marched in charlottesville and white supremacist groups is going to buy your book isthat what you're saying? because you have a great story about that. one of the fellows that was marching in charlottesville was allowed to w say whatever he was with free speech and then what happened to him? >> he was more than allowed he was protected to say what he wants. for curing those stupid tiki torches and screaming those ridiculous things, just lowlifes and absolute protected as much as you or i are. he goes back in the doors are shut a a dozen of the job anymo. >> so there you go. >> it perfectly illustrates public-private industry i want to add one more thing. he goes back to the free-speech center at the university and finds his free speech isn't so respected there. the owner of the hotdog place as we respect their employees that they can make their own choices but they must accept the responsibility and that is no more job. these two chinese tourists go to berlin and are standing in front of the -- and they raised the salute and within 10 seconds they are arrested so it p

charlottesville, virginia, that was what, two years ago. the neo-nazis, other right wing groups wanted to meet. what were they protesting? taking down confederate war monuments. so who showed up, antifa on the left showed up, black lives matter showed up, the two groups clashed. cops can't deny them the right, free speech, freedom of assembly means that you are free to say what you want so long as you stay within those parameters even though you might not like what the other side is saying, they have a right to, what, say it, that gentleman is what makes america great, yes, sir. >> what happens when it comes to like destruction of property? >> give me that again. >> what happens when it comes to like destruction of property and stuff like that? >> the destruction of property is -- i mean, that's against the law, okay? it's against the law. but invariably these groups when that happens, when the violence breaks out, their excuse always is on the left or the right it was what? self-defense. we were defending ourselves. yes, sir. >> does the g

. >> you have a subheading calling the charlottesville hoax. that there are very fine people and with the presidency. just a very bad people in the group but also people that were very fine people on both are the very fine people i have seen this a lot and i literally don't understand why that is a hoax. >> it's right there in the book it's the next page over less than one minute later after very fine people he said not that neo-nazis i can get them totally. it is right there in the book less than one minute later he says he condemns the neo-nazis but that was totally ignored because that was 61 seconds after he said there are fine people on both sides so the media conveniently cut it off. one minute later literally he says not the neo-nazis. and how much better he could do then to say not the neo-nazis. >> it is a there's very fine people on both sides. maybe i am just a literalist maybe i saw condemnation of the neo-nazis himself. and then said very fine people on both sides i don't see how that is a hoax and then to chop off that context and

host: mason, charlottesville, virginia, a republican.aller: afghanistans lost a lot of people in the war but they did it under american leadership. they came to their leadership, they folded. here in charlottesville, the day before the withdraw was announced, we had a parliamentarian and his entourage come here. why didn't he stay and organize a fight? host: danielle pletka, talk about the leadership of afghanistan over the years and americans hearing about the president fleeing the country, in your thoughts. guest: we did hear about him fleeing the country. i cannot speak to a parler -- parliamentarian being there and i can't criticize him for that. i suspect he didn't know what was going to happen in his country. had he known, you may not have been here. afghanistan politics is ugly. it is corrupt, warfare, there has been an unbelievable lack of responsibility on the part of afghan leaders to their people. i don't just mean the his -- i don't just mean his fleeing the country, but i hesitate when we try to compare these governments to

you touched upon charlottesville. there was a front-page story this weekend, i don't recall if it was the "washington post" or "the new york times," depicting the illusiveness of one sunglasses and one red beard, high resolution pictures, good pictures. could you share insight as to how bad people like that can be so allusive in terms of being captured? >> thank you. >> that's a great question. you know, i don't know, that's probably a question for law enforcement. i don't really understand. i'm like you, i'm kind of baffled by this whole thing. i don't know. you know, you would think that would be more easily solvable in those situations. i mean, the other part is i don't understand in general sometimes why law enforcement doesn't take advantage of media along those lines, do you know what i mean? that, you know, there's -- there's a power to be had. i think sometimes they don't take advantage. you used to see a lot more of that why they would put out photos or sketches and help us find this person, you know, that ki

i'm taking them from charlottesville after jefferson dies in 1826 and taking it up to the civil war, vicksburg figures in that, and dropping them off at the beginning of the 20th century, the first couple of decades of the 20th century. it's a great war because things change after that, world war i. the modern world begins and the old world that they were a part of, they're not a coherent subject matter to me anymore after that. maybe mention some people who continue on, but basically ending them there. the hemmings family story, and i'm finishing a jefferson reader on race that i've been preparing for a while and i want to knock this out pretty quickly. i basically have selected all of his writings, significant writings on race. you know, not just notes on the state of virginia, but looking at his farm books, memorandum books, his letters to call out his discussions and his comments about race, and i do -- sort of and tated-- annotated, and my publicer asked me to do a big book about texas. this will take me a career to do all of these things and those are the next things down the p

i am taking them from charlottesville after jefferson dies in 1826 and taken up to the civil war. and dropping them off at the beginning of the 20th century the first couple decades of the 20th century the great war. things change after that, world war i. a lot of the world began in the old world they were part of theyy are not a coherent subject matter to me anymore after that. maybe mention some people who continue on. basically ending there. and i'm ensuring a jefferson reader on race. i have been perhaps been preparing for a while and i want to knock this out pretty quickly. all of his significant writings on race. not just those in the state of virginia but looking at his memorandum book, his letters and his comments about race and i do a commentary. that is what i am working on now. and my editor has been asking me foror a while to do a book about texas a big book about texas. this will take a career for me too do all three of these things. those are the next things in the fight. >> host: john is in new york, you are on the air. john, before we begin turn down the volume on

i read a lot of nonfiction and after charlottesville, which i found very, very disturbing, i read several books, i read "hatelamd." vice news has done some really good awning over the past three or four years. it is really, really, really disturbing because we don't have a william buckley anymore to purge the party. and to be fair, there are a couple of people on the left or anti-semitic. my grandparents were lucky enough to make it here before hitler came into power. i really find this so worrisome and the internet, it is like a dopamine hit. people just throw down in these corners and i really don't know what the answer is. he is a former skinhead and i think we need more things like that, more programs like that. thank you for what you are doing it, and you have a great day. guest: thank you, valerie. host: any comments? guest: i really appreciate the reading that the caller has been doing and i really should got a couple of those myself. i do think there is a growing level of intolerance of all kinds, the folks who wanted to keep trump in power or bring him back to power or create a t

i mean, a guy who was convicted of discharging a firearm during the charlottesville race riots of 2017 after people on film saw him referring to black people on that counter—demonstration, i can't even use the word, but it's a foul word directed toward black people. he had a gun, he called barack 0bama on camera a "muslim mongrel," all sorts of other stuff i could cite to you — you put up half, as i understand it, of a cash bond when he was facing legal proceedings. you described him as a true friend for whom you were prepared to put up thousands of dollars. again, people around the world watching this will question yourjudgment. well, let them question it. they also questioned copernicus�*sjudgment when copernicus said that the earth revolves around the sun, when everybody else thought that the earth was the centre of the universe and the sun revolved round the earth. in fact, they called him a heretic and put him in prison, but, at the end of the day, who was right? copernicus was. you know what one associate, white extremist associate, said of you after you stumped up thousands of d

his letters are kept in an archive at the university of virginia, charlottesville. his letters to his family at this time offer no support about why remington left, that everything was quiet. none of his letters, none of davis' letters home suggest remington wanted to leave on the pretext that everything was quiet in cuba. he gave somewhat related versions, three somewhat related versions as to why remington went home. one of those versions was that remington had obtained all the material he needed for his sketches and needed to go. that was contained that message -- the first bullet point, that message was contained in the letter that davis wrote and remington carried with him back to the states. because remington presumably would have had an opportunity to have read the letter. another version, related version davis wrote was that remington went home at davis' request. he didn't like working in pairs, that remington was holding him up all the time. he describes remington as a big blundering bear, asked him to go. said he was happy that remington did leave. a third

this is from an associate professor or history at uva, charlottesville, virginia, named for sessions. one really important impact of war on society is how words remember then, how memories of war are used politically in the president. we take the imperial wars, the europeans american font, in the 181900104 instance, whether you see them now as instances of national glory or races. violence is really about what empire means to you today and how it relates to your contemporary values. who we see is heroes, and the villain of wars of the past is as much about who we identify with in the present as it is about what happens historically. when we look at the fights about monuments that have been going on over the last couple of years, american civil war monuments, european colonial monuments. this is what's really going on. and i think that's very true and i think it's true history in general, but we are constantly re shaping our views of the processing, different questions of it, depending on what we're preoccupied within the present and what concerns we have about ourselves. and i think i

a fellow marching with them in charlottesville, allowed to say whatever he wants, that's free speech.t happened? >> he was more than allowed to say what he wants, who's protected by police, protecting from caring back to you torch. this lowlife was protected as much as you or i are and the hot dog restaurant where he worked, he doesn't have a job anymore. one more thing, free speech isn't so respected by. the owner of the hot dog place, we respect our employees, most expect responsibility. go to berlin, standing in front of it and they raise a poop and with intent ten seconds, they are arrested short perfectly illustrates how various countriess are. >> almost every day, these stories are everywhere. it doesn't have to be about movies, there were two gum buckets sent home from school -- oklahoma wearing black lives matter t-shirts and the schools that it's outrageous, they can't wear this propaganda and the mother t said the boys were like seven or nine, they are saying my life matters. what so offensive about that? that's one example. book publisher say we don't want to rewriteub hist

. >> so nobody that marched in charlottesville is probably going to buy your book is that what you areng? >> they will never know thate it exists and that's a terrible thing because i would love it if they would. >> you have a great story about that. one of the fellows that was marching, he was allowed to say whatever he wants. that's free speech and then what happened? >> he was protected by police. he was protected for carrying the torch into screaming the most ridiculous things. this lowlife was absolutely protected as much as you or i and this goes back to the restaurant he works when the door shut. he didn't have a job anymore. now i want to add one more thing. he goes back to the free speech, finds out it isn't respected there and their owner says we respect our employees rights and they are free to make their own choices but they must accept the responsibility. that same week, these two tourists go to berlin, they are standing in front and they waved a nazi salute. within ten seconds they are arrested so this perfectly illustrates. you can't do that in germany even if you are a

the murder for hire in charlottesville, virginia four years ago next week. the pulse nightclub shooting against the lgbtq community five years ago in orlando, florida. and has previously been noted the attack in wisconsin that happened nine years ago today. over the last decade 429 innocent victims were murdered at the hands of extremists. the overwhelming majority of home were far, far right extremists and supremacists. we know full well you do not have to be an official card-carrying extremist to cause harm. the problem we see is a violence motivated by hate and anti-semitism and other forms of bigotry increasingly has been normalized. adl researchers found 2020 was the third-highest year on record for anti-semitic incidents since we began tracking the data in the 1970's. of these, known extremist groups or individuals inspired by extremist ideology were responsible for 16% of the total number of incidents. that is a lot. anti-semitism clearly is not the sole domain of extremists. we saw this past may in the -- as the violence between israel and hamas esca

host: mason, charlottesville, virginia, a republican.ler: afghanistans lost a lot of people in the war but they did it under american leadership. they came to their leadership, they folded. here in charlottesville, the day before the withdraw was announced, we had a parliamentarian and his entourage come here. why didn't he stay and organize a fight? host: danielle pletka, talk about the leadership of afghanistan over the years and americans hearing about the president fleeing the country, in your thoughts. guest: we did hear about him fleeing the country. i cannot speak to a parler -- parliamentarian being there and i can't criticize him for that. i suspect he didn't know what was going to happen in his country. had he known, you may not have been here. afghanistan politics is ugly. it is corrupt, warfare, there has been an unbelievable lack of responsibility on the part of afghan leaders to their people. i don't just mean the his -- i don't just mean his fleeing the country, but i hesitate when we try to compare these governments to ou

researchers and educators in charlottesville has been hard at work recovering a suppressed history ofism in the e region. ando the efforts were redoubled and they have made a difference in recognition of the fact that over half of the population in virginia was enslaved on the eve of the civil war and then then public history by a wide range of educators and researchers havee afforded us with new ones are viewing us. the second way in which they informed my book, grand narratives are more compelling when they includes blending the range of historical methodologies and so on. cthat includes the integrationf the events of the battlefront and shoving the past. i was determined in my book, "armies of deliverance", to experience the throughout the narrative, nurtures, reformers and spies, teachers and so on. and for their commentary on political pronouncements. also those who are politicians of a private reflection of civilians and soldiers they are internalized, perhaps the most illuminating research discovery, was that it wasme ubiquitous in the letters that soldiers wrote home from coun