he was jailed repeatedly by the chinese. in 2008, the year beijing hosted the olympics, he drew up the charter 08. calling for freedom of speech and the release of political prisoners. >> may be we intellectuals are just a minority. but we should have the right to express our opinion and criticize the government. >> in 2009, the media was barred from covering his trial. he was jailed for 11 years and allowed visitors only once a month. his wife is his only connection to the outside world. >> it's worth it. it's the price you pay to fight for your dignity and if you want to be a free-thinking intellectual in china. >> there have been worldwide protests against his imprisonment. like here in hong kong. liu xiobo could remain behind bars for another ten years. it's unlikely he knows about the peace price. >> human rights violations have been a cause with china for years. germany has raised the issue of numerous accesses including when the chinese prime minister visited this year. it resents what it sees as the west meddeling in

, the chinese central bank made a power move. it sent the rmb's value even lower. what is premier's wen jiabao take on all this? the currency issue is a difficult one, the rmb. let me put it to you this way, despite assurances from china, the rmb has only aappreciated 1.8% in the last two years. it is not in china's interests to allow for a more significant depreciation? because right now you are subsidizing exporters as the cost of the wages of ordinary chinese workers, you're risking some inflation and it creates the very lack of balance that you talk about. so wouldn't it be good for china to allow a more substantial appreciation of the renminbi. >> translator: i think your view still represents the view of the united states, or to be more specific, the view of a small number of members of congress of the united states. the chinese economy and the u.s. economy are closely interconnected. our bilateral trade has already reached $300 billion. u.s. investment in china has exceeded $60 billion. china has purchased u.s. "t" bonds w

. >> do you think it is seen by most chinese that this is the chinese century? >> the chinese the secretly hope that. they have become confident in the way, to the early with the chinese economy being the largest in the world -- particularly with the chinese economy being the largest. >> you said people are very proud of it and plant for it. it is much easier if you have a communist party with a ruthless system. you can drive these things through. >> also, china has been the largest meritocracy for thousands of years. china has had the education system. every bureaucrat has done the education system based on meritocracy. the chinese have had that tradition and have benefited the chinese economy. >> doesn't india have that also? >> india does not have [unintelligible] with the chinese opening system, there was one figure missing. the indians did not distort their history. the problem for the indians is that they still have -- i found every chinese woman i met had a western name. they wanted to show they could do the west. indians are trying to say, we can do ours

the chinese philosophy of harmony. it will remind us to work hard to promote our mutual understanding and caption. i am confident with our joint efforts, we will surely make the san francisco exhibit a highlight at the world expo in shanghai, but also we will make san francisco the best gateway to china, a pioneer in the development of u.s.-china relations. shrank thank -- thank you. >> he spoke to the context of what we are here, also putting that in context is the head of the sister city committee as well as your bart board member, james. >> thank you, b.j. we are very delighted to be part of this fantastic physical monument to the cooperation between the cities of san francisco and shanghai. as has been mentioned before, this will be, in june, our 30th anniversary between our two great cities. it has been a wonderful relationship, and we will be bringing, in june, a delegation of approximately 300 or so people to shanghai to celebrate this 30th anniversary. this delegation will be divided into two components, prime

he violated chinese law. he was sentenced, the foreign ministry spokesman said last month, what he did contradict the principles of the nobel peace prize. >> in tiananmen square in 1989, lots of people lost their lives, but he survived a massacre, so he has to speak out for those who are dead and cannot speak for themselves. >> china is angry that liu xiaobo has been honored in this way. his heavy jail term, supposed to be a warning to others, instead, has helped draw attention to his cause. >> joining me live from beijing is our correspondent. we know the chinese government went to great lengths to try to avoid this outcome. what is the very latest reaction from the authorities in beijing? >> a statement has just been posted on the web site of the chinese foreign ministry. it reads that liu xiaobo is a criminal who violated chinese law. awarding the prize to him runs contrary to the principles of the nobel peace prize. it goes on -- the nobel committee awarded the peace prize to such a person also lowers the

business chinese government chinese people so what really do you think is in the chinese interests decreasing or increasing. the kind of seeing people business government in the long term in the long term of course appreciating the current species years for everybody and yes yes the problem is that until once again ideally a decade ago china was a regional power. draw in contra but still mainly involve it is the mystical problem in the recent decade china became the second global economy and the situation in china affects the rest of the water this is a new situation this is a new situation for the world this new situation for chinese leaders and they have to adjust their domestic anomic policy because previously they were making decisions taken into account all the domestic interests now days they have to recognise that situation has changed and any decision in china affects the rest of the world affairs. labor effects employment affects the growth of the quantum in new york when age in africa in north america and china needs to become the one of the call police in the global be so and that

the chinese economy and the u.s. economy are closely interconnected. reached $300 billion. u.s. investment in china has exceeded $60 billion. china has purchased u.s. "t" bonds worth about $900 billion. no one will believe that the chinese leadership does not follow closely the development of the u.s. economy. yet some people in the united states, in particular some in the u.s. congress, do not know fully about china. they are politicizing the problems in u.s./china relations in particular the trade imbalance between our two countries. i don't think this is the right thing to do. i highly appreciate your giving me this opportunity of the interview, because you gave me the opportunity to further explain what the real situation is. there are three points which are not widely known with regard to exchange rate of rnb and chinese trade surplus. first china does not pursue a trade surplus. our objective in having foreign trade is to have balance and sustainable trade with other countries, and we want to have a basic equilibrium in our balance of payments. t

in a statement, the chinese foreign ministry said "liu xiaob-- >> well, i think it is also -- the chinese government probably can claim some credit for liu xiaobo been awarded the prize because the threats that government officials made publicly and privately to the norwegian government and the nobel committee possibly contributed to liu xiaobo getting the prize. we do have the chinese governmento thank for this because they both laughed him up to make it -- locked him up to make an example of him and threatened an international body decided to award it toim. i should say within china, we are talking this morning about the fact chinese people cannot read on the internet, that people cannot see anywhere in the state-run media. so we are lucky in a way because the chinese people have no ability to access this news. it is nowhere on the internet or in the news. >> just the day before the announcement, "new york times" hadn't announcement said there were getting leaked information he was likely to get the award. but they gaverominent play to itics of liu xiaobo who say that he has not been ra

in march last year, five chinese ships, including a war ship, surrounded a u.s. navy survey vessel in the south china sea preventing it from moving. after the incident, u.s. military planners worry that china's navy could off-track other u.s. vessels traveling through the region. >> they want to be considered a major power player in the world. well, then they need to act in that kind of responsible fashion. they need to help maintain those sea lines of communication. in and around the south china sea though, they pose a more threatening posture. >> reporter: last month in guam, the u.s. navy conducted a large-scale drill with the marine corps. both navy and marine corps officials see it as crucial to keeping china's military in check. in fact, the marine corps is planning to move 8,000 marinesf. the navy is planning an overhaul of its base on the island that's now used as their home port for some marines so that it can accommodate nuclear carriers as well. >> china, the challenges, the norms of behavior out here, and so it would not be helpful for us to diminish

japan's tourism agency surveyed major chinese travel firms against the current backdrop of bilateral tensions. in late september, chinese authorities asked travel agents refrain from promoting group tours to japan. the agency says higher cancellation fees helped prevent chinese from canceling visits between october 1st when china celebrates its national foundation day and the 7th. however, it says many travel agents are reporting significantly fewer than usual reservations for the period after the holidays. the number of chinese visitors to japan have been on the rise following the loosening by japan of tourist visa requirements and the abolition of restrictions on individual travelers. between january and august, more than 1 million chinese visited japan, up 160% for the same period in 2009 and more than three years total. japanese tourism officials say they will closely monitor the impact on the country's travel industry. >>> prime minister naoto kan has vowed to implement key policies while asking for the opposition's cooperation to pass economic measures. in a divided diet. >> tr

how come your parents aren't chinese?swer those questions. >> five, six, seven, eight. one, two, three, four -- >> i believe the girls, they should learn chinese folk dance because their origin's from china and now they're living in the united states, so they are missing the chinese heritage in part of their life. so able to -- learning chinese dance, they will learn their heritage at the same time and they're learning their culturals and they're learning where they come from and what's special about chinese people. >> i think it's interesting to learn about your culture and your heritage and doing chese dance, and it's fun too. >> reporter: every week the group gets togethr to practice. their traditional outfits and drums are red, because in chinese culture red means good luck. >> one, two, three, four. right? ♪ >> this dance is called the drum dance. it comes from the north part of china. >> reporter: chinese dancing dates back more than 5,000 years. and it demands some special talents. >> you need to have good rhythm t

he has worked with the chinese hospital and the chinese community health care association to create theation's first and only bilingual and culturally competent health class. he also spearheaded the creation of the chinese community health resource center, which today serves over 30,000 san franciscans. he currently serves on the san francisco health commission, which he has served for over 20 years, where he has been a staunch advocate of our community, requiring culturally competent programs, rebuilding lebanon hospital, san francisco general hospital, and encouraging support for the hepatitis b three program. he was quoted in today's "new york times" for his advocacy to that program. one of the first individuals are asked to come to my office to greet me was none other than this gentleman here, and i also want to remake a quick conversation i had with my mother recently. i told her i was going to present an award to the good doctor, and she asked me -- "i guess it is too late for you to good medical school?" [laughter] without further ado, doctor, thank you so much for everything you

so this is very meaningful for chinese society. not only human right affairs in china but also the freedom of expreson, freedoof ming association. freedom of press. such kind of, you know, very important factors will be advised in the future by this nobel prize, i strongly expect. >> and this is not the first time the nobel peace prize has been awarded to a political dissident over its 100-year history. the 1989 winner was the exiled tibetan spiritual leader, the dalai lama, who has long been seeking to liberate tibet and draw international attention to human rights abuses against its people by chinese authorities. his non-violent stance was among the main reasons behind his being awarded the prize. then in 1991 the award was given to myanmar's pro-democracy leader, aung san suu kyi. the military government has ignored repeated international calls for her release from house arrest. >>> biodiversity will be discussed at the u.n. conference in nagoya japan started on monday. we have a series of reports on cop 10 meetings and today, i

the chinese mafia infiltrating this business. there is a great deal of concern about that happening. >> businessmen say they just want to compete. the product might be closing in italy but the message could apply everywhere. this century is being fashioned by china. >> a giant red stag thought to be the biggest wild animal in the u.k. has been shot dead. he fell victim to a licensed hunter. he weighed more than 135 kilograms and 2.57 meters tall. they are the biggest indigenous land animal left in the u.k. you can find that story on line at bbc.com. get in touch with me on twitter. you can catch up on facebook, too. thanks very much for watching. >> hello and welcome. >> see the news unfold, get the top stories from around the globe and click to play video reports. go to bbc.com/news to experience the in-depth, expert reporting of "bbc world news" online. >> funding was made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu. newman's own foundation. the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. and

solar, a chinese solar company that has had a heck of a runup since august. would you still buy it here? >> the trouble with j.a. solar, i like to tell younger players they should invest a little wit their heart and not just their head. j.a.solar, the problem with the small solar stock, is it is very volatile. it had a 10% move today to the downside. you've got to be able to take a little risk. if you're starting in the 20s and you have decades for investment to run, something like a j.a. solar could be a tremendous in ve. in your 20s. >> tom: middle age, investors in their 30s and 40s, you like ind integrated oil, and natural gas prices close to historic lows. what is going on here? >> the fundamentals are kicking nat gas prices down and have for a while. the point is this: natural gas is absolutely our conduit. from crude oil to the alternative energy sources that are still decades away. it is cheap and absolutely plentiful and it is domestic, all ours. so even though the obama administration and in fact washington in general, can't see the point of natural

he has been locked up in a chinese prison. the chinese government says he is a subversive criminal, a threat to the state. but to his supporters, he is a brave amplifier of democracy and human rights. today he has been honored with the greatest recognition of his work, the nobel peace prize. >> for over two decades, liu xiaobo has been a strong spokesman for the application of fundamental human rights in china. >> born in 1955, liu xiaobo was an academic who became an activist during the 1989 protests in tiananmen square. he was jailed for nearly two years on charges of counter revolution. after his release, he continued to call for greater human rights. two years ago, he helped draft charter 8, a manifesto that demands peaceful political change in china. he was arrested and jailed again. this time for 11 years. the bbc spoke with liu xiaobo before he was detained. he explained the motivation for his struggle. >> in china, i just want to be an honest and dignified intellectual writer. if you try to be that, you'll definitely c

this is the chinese owner of the company. the italians are buying their clothes from him. >> this is a free world and the market is opening up. there are less italians working and some are angry about that but this should not be a problem. for the next 50 years, china will be an important country. the chinese have defended -- descended on this town, home to the italian clothing industry. there could be as many as 5000 chinese factories here, many matching italian quality and all leading italian prices. this is one of the remaining italian-owned factories. machines appeared dizzy but the shops are increasing their stock of chinese goods. this man started here 50 years ago. now he thinks that the industry's frame at the edges. >> international laws are changing too fast. chinese importers cost a dollar a meter whereas ours cost $10. this is turn everything upside down. >> in the past 15 years, his work force has been cut by half. in some cases, this has nothing to do with textiles or clothing, this has to do with the rise of ch

bilateral relations have been strained since the chinese trawler collided with two japanese patrol boats in september near the islands which are under japanese control but also claimed by china. japan's defense ministry and self-defense forces informed china of the decision on thursday after japan failed to persuade china to proceed as planned. in early october china asked japan to postpone the visit scheduled for friday as part of a bilateral defense exchange. the japan squadron was to include 730 members. the chief of staff of the maritime self-defense force called the cancellation very regrettable. he said he wants to continue promoting defense exchanges such as this with mutual visits by the two countries' naval vessels. an exchange event between japan's self-defense forces and china's people's liberation army due to start next wednesday was also canceled after china asked for a postponement on tuesday. south korea has participated in a joint naval drill with the united states and japan for the first time. the exercise was part of initiatives to prevent the proliferation of materials

the chinese need to encourage consumption.hat we need to get broader agreement on overall policies, the exchange rate san important part of that. but it's not the only part. and what i think, as we saw at this meeting, is we saw a dialogue of the debt. nobody really was giving any ground. host: don't the chinese say we do consume, we just consume from germany, we just don't consume products from the united states? guest: no, that's not really the case. the chinese grossly underconsumes. their consumption is very small fraction of g.d.p. but what's more significant is the chinese consistently run surpluses on their trade accounts. so if they want us to reduce our deficits, the counterparts, the logical counterpart is they need to follow policies that will reduce their surpluses. if the united states just reduces its deficit acting on its own there is not going to be significant aggregate demand. everybody will get in a global recession. one wants to get the united states to fix its deficit situation, but you also want the chine

so many chinese citizens told me to say hello to president carter. they would ask me about my work on pbs. your name kept coming up. >> i was over there three weeks ago. tavis: they told me. recently, you and 15 nobel laureates sent a letter to leaders of the g-20 asking them, when they see president hu jintao after their summit, to do what specifically with regard to dr. liu, who just received the nobel peace prize? >> we want them to release him from his imprisonment, but also that his wife be free so she can be at liberty to travel the world and talk about her husband and his ministry. he has been an outspoken and courageous human rights activist, as you know. we think neither she nor he should be punished for his freedom of speech. tavis: the chinese government's position is that his receiving the nobel prize was an insult to their country and to the rule of law inside of china. >> he had been arrested under chinese law and convicted of illegal activities and sentenced as a prisoner would be in our country to a crime. they consider him to be a cr

so this is very meaningful for chinese society. t lyum rhtffrsn china but also the freedom of expression, freedom of making association. freedom of press. such kind of, you know, very important factors will be advised in the future by this nobel prize, i strongly expect. >> and this is not the first time the nobel peace prize has beenwarded to litical dissident over its 100-year history. the 1989 winner was the exiled tibetan spiritual ad, e dalai lama, who has long been seeking to liberate tibet and draw international attention to human rights abuses against its people by chinese thits. his non-violent stance was among the main reasons behind his being awarded the prize. then in 1991 the award was given to myanmar's pro-democracy leader, aung san suu kyi. the military government has nod peedntnaonal calls for her release from house arrest. >>> biodiversity will be scseathe u.n. conference in nagoya japan started on monday. we have a series of reports on cop 10 meetings and today, in part two of our ri,e have a report on endangered

charlie i know you have an an version to the chinese -- >> i don't have an an version to the chinese. have an an version to chinese communist. >> a dictatorship that murders its own people, no religious freedom, owns our debt -- >> tracy they could quit buying u.s. treasuries they could go to italy and united states and say bye-bye united states. who do we have to back us up? no one. >> they can do whatever the heck they want bus there is no checks and balances in that system. i'm afraid of china as much as charlie. there's no auditing system. there's no fda they make it up as they go and we sit here and believes every number that comes out of that country when most are made up and guesses. there's no system. there's no system. why do we go off their numbers and trust everything they say? >> well, they are buying our debt now, we'll see. >> coming up, cash for chunkers works? you heard me right one big private company successfully paying employees to shed the pounds. did it just prove that trillion dollar health care law is a waste? lelelelele annou] many people don't understand their

she is one of the most recognized faces on chinese television. her many adventures include yang lan 101 where she interviewed everybody from hillary clinton to kobe bryant. there's "her village" a show targeting urban women. and "her office" china's answer to "the office." here is a look at some of her work. >> one important way to understand this world is through people. everyone can be a universe of himself, which can be explored and understood. >> do you have to win in whatever you do? >> i don't like to lose in much of anything. >> it's not a bad idea at all. >> taste so much better. >> did you try to change chinese perception of americans? >> i wanted you to know americans weren't stuffy old guys sitting around in a three piece suit. >> i think your father should run for president of the united states. >> why? >> it would suck! >> for him or for the country? >> being the queen is actually a job. >> the job description changes. >> so what is your best suggestion to president obama? >> basically to do the opposite from what president bush has

the chinese explorer who the stories say came here 600 years ago. from this settlement they found pieces of 15th century chinese pottery. evidence that supports what they have always believed. that he be the first europeans to buy more than a century. are doing more research and more people know that. and pay attention to that. >> the jigsaw is infuriatingly imprecise. as much as it suggests [unintelligible] littell evidence to confirm that explore made it here. the team is exploring what may be the crucial clue. a specially minted 15th century: that would have been carried only by an envoy of the emperor. >> it is a chinese character. >> that is the evidence i could not say, it must be brought here by the export. >> as the team preserves the evidence, it has triggered a debate. was it dark isolated continent the first europeans described or was it already looking aes? >> the work is not only forcing us to rethink the early trade relations but it is facing a new context on the current relationship. >> critics accuse china of new economic imperialism

so it hired chinese employee ei hing zho in april. she came to japan two years ago after graduating from a university in china. she then earned a degree here in japan in business administration. she's also proficient in english and japanese. >> translator: i want to use my skills and knowledge here. i'd like to facilitate more overseas business connections and boost international sales. >> reporter: akira ogawa, president of the company, initially planned to hire japanese graduates but couldn't find any candidates he felt could connect with the global market. >> translator: it's very hard for medium and small businesses to attract top-level japanese graduates. talented japanese students have a tendency to set their sights only on the bigger firms. >> reporter: zhou is already playing an important role in the company. two months ago she handled an inquiry from a company in south korea. she ran the sales negotiations smoothly and is expected to finalize the contract soon. >> translator: i want to have comprehensive knowledge of our prod

great story years later a new asian tiger based on russia's natural resources and chinese goods are. just trying to tell you how the market's going to. close they are being more than half a percent wild mice it's finally made it into positive territory creating less than a tenth of a cent most of the major blue chips finished off with bucking the trend or made to last about two percent. that's all for now keep up with the business news on archie dot com. wealthy british style the sun. is not on the rise. and. markets on scandal find out what's really happening to the global economy for a no holds barred look at the global financial headlines to name two kinds of reports on our. news today violence is once again flared up. these are the images the world has been seeing from the streets of canada. trying to corporations are on the day. live from moscow this is r.t. good to have you with us top stories now the alleged russian government vick to boot finds u.s. attempts to get him extradited from thailand is known as plan to kill any decision that would see him shipped out. by other mean

ties have been strained since a chinese trawler collided with two japanese patrol boats in september near japan's senkaku islands, which are claimed by china and taiwan. akitaka saiki of japan's foreign minister met yang yanyi of china's foreign ministry in beijing on wednesday. the possible summit would take place on the sidelines of meetings of the association of southeast asian nations plus other countries in hanoi in late october. this move comes after japan's prime minister, naoto kan, and chinese premier wen jiabao agreed earlier this month that the two nations will work to build a strategic and mutually beneficial relationship. saiki also met wu dawei, who chairs the six-party talks on the north korea nuclear program. afterwards wu told reporters that they exchanged views on the stalled six-party talks. the meeting came after wu met north korean first vice minister kim kye gwan in beijing. >>> foreign minister seiji maehara has explained to australian foreign minister kevin rudd japan's stance on the senkaku islands. at a meeting in tokyo on wednesday evening maehara said the

last friday jailed chinese activist liu xiaobo won this year's nobel peace prize. china's foreign ministry spokesperson said giving the prize to an imprisoned man shows disrespect for china's judicial system. >> translator: if some people are seeking to change china's political system, and block the path of the chinese people in this way, they are missing the point. >> ma defended the chinese government's decision to unilaterally cancel meetings with the norwegian go liu xia has been under house arrest in beijing since last week's announcement and he said he didn't know anything about it. with japan/china relations strained by last month's maritime collisions in the east china sea, foreign minister seiji maehara says he cannot predict whether the leaders of the two countries will meet on the sidelines of an international conference in vietnam later this month. he told reporters on tuesday that japan must stand its ground over the collisions close to japan's islanders also claimed by china and taiwan. he said there is no territorial dispute in the east china sea and

all those flows and they're trying to see depreciation so i don't think that the brazilians or the chinese are really trying to fight i mean for appreciation they're just trying to slow the flows and again that just things are very different from each other and i would agree yes the end result of this will be inflation high inflation especially in the emerging world but i would disagree that this is this is imminent i don't think this is a story for the next six months ok eric you've been just waiting to jump right in here i would kind of agree that we're certainly not ceasing a lot of inflation in the west they're fighting deflation through good reason the problem is the fiscal situation is unsustainable the whole thing is going to end in tears for the time being everybody is that tempting to bail as hard as they can the americans want to push the dollar down the dollar was crashing going into the crisis into the two thousand a crisis when the crisis hit there was sort of a panic move in everybody went to dollars and because the european banks had huge american assets which were all of a

>> hinojosa: ( laughter ) >> because up until that point, i thought it was all chinese, chinese, chinese-- especially with desserts, right? we don't have desserts in chinese cuisine. you know, milk was never... you know, cream was not around in china, so the pastry cream and soufflés and crème anglaise and all that stuff was like, just... it just completely opened my world. and the first thing i actually thought about was, "why can't i take chinese and french to combine the techniques and the ingredients? why can't there be that flavor combination?" because it seemed to work-- i mean, we call it a wok, they call it a sauté pan. i mean, it's the same technique, the knife skills are the same, and that really got me thinking i can not only perhaps be a chef, but i can cook what i like to eat by combining the cultures that i've learned from. >> hinojosa: and so how would you categorize, or if you had to, kind of describe what your cooking ended up becoming? because you're not... you're like, "i don't want to be a fusion cook," so what... how do you describe.. >> i don't like the term "fusion

that's the chinese lingo for "censored." there was an official news blackout of the entire interview. china's official news agency reported that there had been an interview, but it didn't report any of what wen jiabao said. and if you clicked on links to real news reports, this is what you got -- a blank page. so essentially the only place in china to read what he actually said was on blogs and social media that had been able to evade censors. then one week after cnn aired the wen jiabao interview, an open letter was sent from 23 senior communist party elders in china to the top politicians in the land. the letter quoted wen jiabao's words from his interview with me, using those words as fodder for their case against the invisible black hand of censorship. these former high-up officials called on the current leadership to respect what they say is china's constitutionally guaranteed right to free speech. then chinese media began to flout the official censorship and ran quotes from the interview. some papers putting the "time"

. >>> a chinese foreign ministry official says it may now be difficult to hold summit talks with japan in vietnam. the meeting was scheduled for friday evening. china's state run news agency quotes assistant foreign minister hu zhengyue as saying japan made untrue statements about talks between the two countries' foreign ministers. they met in the vietnamese capital hanoi earlier on friday. hu said the japanese move ruined the atmosphere for the leaders from the two sides to meet. he added that the japanese side should take full responsibility for any consequences that arise. the two countries had earlier agreed that prime minister naoto kan would hold talks on the sidelines of the os onmeetings with the chinese foreign minister. during friday's talk he says japan made incorrect statements about china's position. the islands are effectively under japanese control. hu also expressed displeasure about the issue of the islands being taken up at japan u.s. foreign minister talks in hawaii earlier this week. the summit talks would have been the first official bilateral summit since last mon