some government and eastern congo we have lose. oh my esta. she's a freelance journalist and a washington dc coming kidneys. uh not too or. yeah. is a deputy advocate director at human rights watch. good to have with you. i wish it was under better circumstances. if i say m 23 to you. ruth. first things that come to mind and then combine a 1st things that come to mind with the stock. well, thank you so much and thank you so much for having me. if you see, i'm trying to speak to me, the 1st thing that comes to my mind is and trouble and conflict that has never had an end as somebody can continue to them. 23 is a luxury right of an agreement signed by the government. we've another group called the c n d p in 2012, right? it 2012. that's when they created the name on it and, and put a few sandstone march 20 that you know more for the 3rd, 2009. uh, the community is government sign a in agreement. we have the rebel group c and d p. that made them actually put down the guns in 2012, that one back in the bush saying that the communities government d

symbolic it is about the resources and the history of the congo assistance model. they found in 1985, 14 glo, full control of the taking us way back. it was actually for rubber that we use for the car, the tires, about purchasing bicycles. right. we go to 1945, we bought. com. was there any um you can have your shumate like i was lucky, so i was on the badge in hands today from 96 the present, the colors we noticed as we are the center of model. let technology you won't have your cellphone. yeah, that's a song we've outcome was minerals, but what's important to see and to connect it back to what has happened to ship is that the crime scene to ship it spelled the 1st time it happens. it has happened for 2 decades in 1998 massacre as documented by you and go public, but got rebecca guard where 200000 civilians presumably were killed. all these appear so nice thing, non evening shirts, he'll get at least atrocities for us. why killed civilians? it's a tactic of the split spence one up in your muscle ring, see if it is in public ripping women. if public, those things o

and then, well it has withdrawn from some parts of that profits in eastern congo. as members continue to attack civilians roof, why, what do they want? but exactly, the advocacy always say that based on, on the agreement that they have, we become released the government. but the communist governments, i've done everything in order to make them seize all of this, all the claims and everything that i've been doing in the eastern part of corporate . but this is not happening, but also we have that one issue which is the run then government backend the m times discrete. so that's where it's this issue becomes a little bit complex because the other 23 is not working on its own. it has to put from the one that tells me and i want to show you a quote that we got just before we went on from the we're one development via the embassy in washington dc. so this is k, a, a come body respond to this. we're one to is not going to be intimidated by these human rights watch campaigns of this information and distractions from ongoing regional peace efforts coming in. i know you are

i was deployed in the democratic republic of congo to help site. the great, the commander of these forces conceded this and failed to eliminate the select making by the name of it is very unfortunate that a mistake was made. adult children have been killed, that was p. c. that's why it's being based in the congo to go to see these kind of attacks happening back home is not a good thing to get today was on the security forces, say they are in pursuit of the path of traits. his thoughts in the dense jungle of the border land, they may continue to struggle. seeking out the minutes and or o corresponding truly is montgomery is following their story from new guns and capital kampala and sent this update. the discourse still stands at $41.00. no such a 7 of these were all students. 20 have been identified as goes well, 17 boys the other 4 have been identified as suspected stuff of this quote, including a security guard the mode in custody as it is. some families of grieving some already preparing to bar is their loved ones. others may have to wait a litt

the, the sheer scale of the congo is bewildering. here, looking more like a vast lake as it mia and is west to the atlantic ocean. we're heading 2 days in the office. it direction over 400 kilometers up stream deep into the congo basin. journey is soon flanked by dense rain forest giving way now and then the river side villages, where life mostly goes on as it has for centuries to life. the could be a ton by the government's asking about the off to the m, as in the congo bass and is the greatest track to rain forest on a spending 6 countries across central africa containing huge quantities of oil that the government wants to settle to the highest bidder, with an estimated $600000000000.00. up to 7 hours on the water. a chance to stock off on the fuel and supplies were a long way still from the oil sites. but i want to know what people here think about the potential exploration mandate to see a therapist or we have not had anything from the government. our life depends on the river. i think these will cause big problems. so we need an

the yes, things that are in this is the congo river right behind me, congo, brownsville or the other side of the river, the atlantic 5 to 600 kilometers down stream. but we headed up stream of course, 1000 kilometers more deep into the congo base. and this great group of all planets containing the equitorial jungles of central africa. we saw just a tiny fraction of the comb devices, of course, but enough to get a real handle in the sense of anger about these, this potential oil exploration. we'll have more on that little bit, but we also saw deforestation on a large scale coming down the river. these to jots has no load ross, extraordinary side of people, just paddling along a 1000 kilometers and more. takes a month to get those logs out of the forest down to conjuncture and beyond. big commercial ships as well, bringing timber out of it for us and down to the atlantic port for export to china, of united states, and so forth. we also sold the world's largest tropical pete lens, this essential tub and sink that has to remain in task. but primarily we came here to see the impact of pot

students, few of and i talked to place near the west and bought out with a democratic republic of congo. authority say the office you in militants linked to the so called islamic state. a community in shock. a dozens were killed in the school in uganda, locked up and buttoned to live or hacked to death with machetes. the survivors are traumatized. some has been abducted. these are referred crimes, were committed by the ad like democratic forces imaging group based in the neighboring democratic republic of congo, with links to the so called is lubbock state school in that town of important where is located less than 2 kilometers from the congolese border locals are furious with security forces. you've got tony goes to the bar, does uh, secure security insights. i wanted a security to tell us was that when these do last came, i came to feel that people should should be the ones that come to get lot people. is this like you anything we've been uganda? what is it that we see them? scott idea, where are they at night? so you've been, the military was deployed in the congo to help fight the g

so who came in to help the congo and fill the breach? french-speaking africans from other parts of the world, including haiti. haitian doctors, haitian lawyers, haitian teachers who went as a support mission to the congo and lived there for some years. and had lives -- wives and girlfriends and acquired the infection, presumably. then, the haitians went back. he wanted to africanize, the haitians went home and took infection with them. that is why haiti was initially one of the hotspots in the early discovery detection of hiv-aids, then there were people selling their blood serum in plasma extraction centers in haiti. the blood serum was being extracted and the red cells put back into them, the plasma turned into a product that had a various medical uses and was being shipped up to miami. there was a very large trade in blood plasma from haiti to the united states. this would have been the late 1960's, early 70's. carrying the virus, presumably to the u.s. and onward to the world. i say presumably out of caution. some of this is strongly

at night you got into the military was deployed in the democratic republic of congo to help site. the great, the commander of these forces conceded to this, it fails to eliminate the threat. we can buy as a number to say name is very unfortunate that a mistake was made. adult children have been killed. that was p. c. that's why has been based in the come good to go to see these kind of attacks happening back home is not a good thing. cables on their last, the security forces say they are in pursuit of the paper tray to is not in the dense jungle of the borderlands. they may continue to struggle seeking out the minutes an hour corresponding truly is move dunbar is following this story from new gun and capital kampala and sent this off to in the discourse still stands up. 41, no such as 7 of these were all students 20 of being identified as goes well, 17 boys, the other 4 have been identified. the suspected stuff of this quote, including a security guard, the modem, cuz it is, it is somebody for me to use a briefing, some already preparing to bar is their loved ones. others may have

so who came in to help the congo and fill the breach? french-speaking africans from other parts of the world, including haiti. haitian doctors, haitian lawyers, haitian teachers who went as a support mission to the congo and lived there for some years. and had lives -- wives and girlfriends and acquired the infection, presumably. then, the haitians went back. he wanted to africanize, the haitians went home and took infection with them. that is why haiti was initially one of the hotspots in the early discovery detection of hiv-aids, then there were people selling their blood serum in plasma extraction centers in haiti. the blood serum was being extracted and the red cells put back into them, the plasma turned into a product that had a various medical uses and was being shipped up to miami. there was a very large trade in blood plasma from haiti to the united states. this would have been the late 1960's, early 70's. carrying the virus, presumably to the u.s. and onward to the world. i say presumably out of caution. some of this is strongly

plus i'm the club according to the democratic republic of congo on the autism. as long as you take that 10 by a 1000 kilometers, by manpower alone to the capital construction, the welcome to the pro israel supreme planning counselor's meeting to discuss further expansion of legal sacraments in the occupied westbank. $36000.00 housing units are likely to be approved and 3 illegal outposts all being formalized. now is the 1st time such planning has been deliberated since the fall, right? finance, minnesota and satellite activist, there's a lot of smoke which was put in charge of supplement policy, harry fulls, that reports now from the occupied westbank jamal i should go in an immeasurable loss in defense of a small patch of family land. i have not about it's just up there. his son, jimmy was killed by his ready soldiers in 2021 dream protest against the legal is really outpost known as if he had taught all settlements or where do you go on to international law? i'll post like ev utah, i really go on to is really low. the government's ejected settlers from the hil

this is the congo river here. and we started off in bun dock at right the going up the congo river. the longer tribute trailed along the tributary all the way to best increases where we refueled. and then we went along to bring it where we met the village chief. it's a 2 day trip for 100 kilometers. we know, and i took a run about here. and today we'll go to this, not sure was a, we'll see lots of by diversity and you see the peak lenses increasing for this area . the reserve was says up in the 1990s to protect the by diversity of a large wave of forest. it takes in the fringes of something any recently discovered tropical pete lens are of critical importance to the environment. for these, these trees lies thousands of years of water load, decomposed forest, a slab of locked in cobb, and 6 times the size of belgium. so tell me about the pete lens and how they are going because here we see the tree is actually gray out of the most. uh, in the month old is the thing is like 5 bucks on the floor, monthly is bits long. it long is also a very important for some species like elephant. mos

condemned by the un, the us and the eu for supporting the m23 rebels in the democratic republic of congothe last time this happened, the uk pulled aid to rwanda. the conservative aid secretary responsible for that 2012 decision tells newsnight the uk approach to human rights atrocities risks being downgraded. we speak to the former un assistant secretary—general for human rights. and it's three years since beijing legislated away civil rights in hong kong. we've been filming the daily lives of the people at the sharp end of china's crackdown. cities across france are in flames tonight, yet again, as the country struggles to calm days of unrest after the police killing of a teenager on tuesday. the 17—year—old nahel m. president macron returned abruptly from a summit of european leaders to try to coordinate a response involving 115,000 police and gendarmes as the country braced for more violence. the president appealed to parents of very young protesters and rioters to keep their kids at home, and blamed social media and video games. two large police unions say they are at war with rioter

the clock out to 0 democratic republic of congo. the 14 story apartment block has collapsed in egypt. rescue cruise and alexandria, a searching for anyone drop to the revel, the collapse cole, serious damage to neighboring buildings as well. floods and lightning strikes of killed at least 11 people in buckets on heavy rains. at parts of the states have been job and baluchistan provinces. rates have been cut off affecting rescue assets and the neighboring india. 2 buses have collided, head on killing, at least 10 people of us were receiving treatment for the injuries. in addition, 7 of the dead were from one family returning from a wedding, a little than 2000000 people are expected to visit tameka for dishes hodge. pilgrimage in saudi arabia. social expect behind them both up to the lifting of public restrictions. hodge begun on monday and on saturday the pilgrimage is one of the pillars of islam full. those who are physically and financially able to complete. his legal messy has been speaking about the funds he repeatedly due to him

the clock houses here a democratic republic of congo held on saturday. and the clark brings us part 2 of the series, where he had been to the, for us to hear what community is affected by the auctions. have to say a still a heads, and i'll just 0, a diplomatic rout defends between australia and russia over the building of a new embassy. a 3rd heat wave of the year and mexico in demand for electricity is so high, some fear of the power grids may collapse the well severe storms produce, flash flooding in central germany have runs years or forecast details on fridays so that energy is moving east. dip into the cells, but watch what it does. keep your eye on san diego. you almost had your heart is strewn day just yesterday. you go from 34 down to 20 degrees, so yet so fresher. feel over the next little bit. now where temperatures are coming up in spain and portugal list spends a good 8 degrees above average, seville, 39, maybe 40 degrees today. but if we look at the extended forecast, you could see your hottest june day on monday all the way up to 46 degrees

it direction over 400 kilometers up stream deep into the congo basin. a journey is soon flanked by dense rain forest giving way now and then the river side villages where life mostly goes on as it has for centuries. it's a life that could be up ton by the government's option to po box. and then that's why we are going to bob asking about the loan that picking that off to the amazon, that com database and is the greatest track to rain forest on a spending 6 countries across central africa containing huge quantities of oil that the government wants to settle to the highest bidder with an estimated to $600000000000.00. up to 7 hours on the wall to a chance to stock off on fuel and supply. we're a long way still from the oil sites, but i want to know what people here think about the potential exploration meant up to 50 up at the door. we have not had anything from the government. our life depends on the river. i think these will cause big problems. we need an explanation . our will move on, obviously as i passed and we will live in poverty. if this comes, i

is there a democratic republic of congo as well? that's it for me. for now, you can find more information use on speech is on our website. so i'll just say we're done by the result next inside still able to examine the finding and sit on and on, given the implications. stay with us on the the hello i'm place to say we have got some welcome relief from the intense heat wave customer with a positive charge over the next couple of days. rain will come through, we have got some rain down towards the south as the plum rains, the sales know raise the my, your front that will push that. what's the weather across the cream financially on into japan, still halting beijing and around that you know, in celsius on choose. but it comes the right is that tumbles this way through. 32 cells just just knocking the head of those temperatures. sab will say, temperatures at around $32.00, south east, which is about what it should be. a 32 with some showers, the 2 across southern policy in hong kong. good scattering the showers across south east asia, harvest of which wi

it was, it was team travel about the congo. we'd like to meet the people who lives in the 1st of full reports as our environments added to that clock for the safety of van dyke, a starting point right on the equator with the epic conduct the focus of life. did the river is lot of bathrooms and transport hub for travel upstream and down and all manner of cross truck tried to fix that is just staring into action here and been dr. and we're of river to explore one of the oil boats designated rooms and by the government, the ship funds and remote communities. the sheer scale of the congo is bewildering . here, looking more like a vast lake. as it mia and as west to the atlantic ocean. we're heading 2 days in the opposite direction, over 400 kilometers up stream deep into the congo basin. the journey is soon slang by dense rain forest giving way now and then the river side villages where life mostly goes on as it has for centuries to life. that could be up ton by the government's ocean to po box. above asking about the log off to th

the clock out is there a democratic republic of congo? more than 2000000 people are expected to be in mecca, sol, dishes hodge, pilgrimage in saudi arabia. the officials expect the high numbers off to the lifting of the pen w restrictions. the hogs begun on monday and will end on saturday. the 2 of them is one of the pillars of islam. so those who are physically and financially able to do it the little messy that's been speaking about the funds. he repeatedly boots a while playing. so it probably sounds your mom, the auction time woke up with a has joined the us club into miami after 2 years in front of them and you know, come on. well, i think in the beginning it was something wonderful. but then some people started to treat me differently. a section of the power supports is. i think the vast majority still so me is they did at the stalls, but there was a friendship with a significant group of funds, which obviously wasn't my intention for from it. but it happened just as it had at times with carrying them back, pay with name, all. i kno

"belgium brought civilisation to congo?" exactly, exactly. it's a very problematic one.ow come these are still here, that plaque and that statue? that's a question that every visitors ask us. it's because the building is protected, it's part of the flanders cultural heritage. so we cannot touch anything from the walls of the building. right. so what we did is that we commissioned contemporary artists to present their alternative interpretation. so when the museum building says, "belgium brings security", he has the image of the belgian soldiers that brings security with eyes in his back. and it's notjust the text. it's as obvious as the colour of the statues. so here we have another inscription that says, "the wrestle with the snake." you do notice that the statue is black and the others are gold, because gold is seen as superior, as godly. and this is for someone who is inferior. the museum traces its origins back to when king leopold ii set up the international exposition of 1897. as part of that, 267 congolese men, women and children were taken by force to belgium and

the atrocious exploitation of the congo turned into a real genocide. you know, late 20 years, the policy of the belgians lead to the death of nearly 10000000 people alongside the holocaust, the genocide of the congo population is considered to be one of the greenest pages in the history of mankind, the late hi everybody. so i am going to lean to again to us and that's come you it in. so it's a large light bulbs with the supplies scrub. it was found this cut off of them big so in the mid to indeed century in a small above and english don't do of can yonah is discovered and always got it. as it turned out, it belong to one of the see boys which are bend against the british and the 19th century. they even manage to find out his fate. does the boy's name was automate and he was executed off to the suppression of the rebellion. and his head was brought back to britain by british officer. this was a common practice among the english at the time towards indians who opened the of what was understood the all right guys, i think we might have found it. i think t

the atrocious exploitation of the congo turned into a real genocide. you know, late 20 years, the policy of the belgians lead to the death of nearly 10000000 people alongside the holocaust, the genocide of the congo population is considered to be one of the greenest pages in the history of mankind. what do you think is the most important beverage in the world? aside from water, while many automatically think coffee or alcohol, that would be incorrect. t is actually the most popular, most consumed and most important beverage in the world. so important that full are wars. that's right, plural, had been started over t. he had the 1st opium war breaking out between china and britain fighting over britain's demand for teeth. and then you have the boston tea party, which led to the american revolution fighting over britain and his taxation on teeth. i'm 50, i'm, you're watching the cost of everything we're today. we're going to be delving into why this little tea leaves are so important and how much they truly matter in the world. the in 5 countries account

from the congo i moved to rwanda .o rwanda to teach a classroom of about a dozen rwandan reporters. they were taken out by the government and the president paul kagame one by one. a colleague was shot dead on the same day he criticized the president. i showed up at his funeral and his wife was holding their little infant child. very few journalists dared to come to their funeral because they were scared of being associated with him. amy: i hate to say this, but we have 30 seconds. i want to give you a chance to wrap up but we will continue this conversation after the show and post it at democracynow.org. your final comments? >> my report and my book is about how paul kagame shut down the press in rwanda. not only my class, but the press in the country. it describes the journey the country goes through as it is being silenced and is dictatorship and authoritarianism takes hold, process were sigmund countries around the world, not just rwanda today. amy: anjan sundaram, let us book, "breakup: a marriage in wartime." we w

i'm traveling through the congo basis to see what the effects might be on local communities. and i'll be speaking to the local politicians assigned to about potential solutions. to me make law for serious reforms from the democratic republic of congo. oh, now it is here. join the label. conversation to just say the good is the industry. could be convenient is say, this is a dialogue. we don't always talk to people that have different opinions that we do . everyone has a voice message. it appears that society doesn't do enough to recognize and celebrate women. it was it was fun to have an american occupation of a middle eastern countries. the street on algae 0 the the welcome back reminder about top stores this you are paying unions representative and ton of stock says is very settled is all in his words, terrorizing palestinian civilians. several villages have been targeted for the killing of, for his varies on tuesday, friends and relatives on morning, the 5 people who died on board a submersible, taking tourists of the rest of the titanic. the us coast guard says an underwa

i'm the clock reporting to the democratic republic of congo on the autism, a luggage to take the 10 bucks a 1000 kilometers by manpower led to the capital construction. the, the head of russia is not in a group, has released his 1st statements since the mercenary fighter is mutiny. on june 24th and an 11 minute audio recording precaution said that he took the action because his group was going to be disbanded. he added bellow, russian president, alexander lucas shanker, offered a solution to wagner, to continue working legally in russia. he also compared his march on moscow to russia's invasion of ukraine, saying the troops of wagner, his level could have completed russia's quote, special military operation in 24 hours. there were some highlights in his statement . we would take it in as a result of entry. wagner was bound to cease to exist on july the further, but the despite of showing no aggression, we were hit by a rocket strike and then my helicopters be at around 30 fights is what kills it. some were wounded. this triggered the decision to move out immediately. you know, the goal of

so you've been the military was deployed in the congo to help fight the group. the commander of these forces conceited. this fail to eliminate the threat because by a certain level of the shipment, which is very unfortunate that a mistake was made and our children have been killed. that was p. c. that's why as being based in the congress to go to see these kind of attacks happening back home is not a good thing to get today was on the security forces, say they are in pursuit of the perpetrators. but in the dense jungle of the borderlines, they will continue to struggle seeking out the militants and african delegation promoting peace talks between russia and ukraine. have met with russian president vladimir putin in saint petersburg. he told him he's open to constructive dialogue, but keith is refusing to negotiate. the meeting came a day after the african leaders paid a visit to the ukrainian capital, were president of a lot of mirrors. the landscape ruled out peace talks until russia withdrawals from its territory of um, that'll come from president put in as it

the attack happened near the border with congo authorities say they're pursuing medicines linked to the so called islamic state. a community in shock, a dozens were killed in the school in uganda, locked up and buttoned to live or hacked to death with machetes. the survivors are traumatized. some has been abducted. these are red crimes, were committed by the ad like democratic forces emulating group based on the neighboring democratic republic of congo, with links to the so called hispanic state. the school in the town of important where is located less than 2 kilometers from the congress. these border locals are furious with security forces. you've got tony goes to the board as uh, secure security insights. i wanted a security to tell us was a when these do last came, i've come to fill out people and you should be the ones that come to get people. is this like, do anything we've been uganda? why did not receive them? got that? yeah. well, where are they at night? so you've been, the military was deployed in the condo to help fight the group. the commander of these forces conceded this

by the i like democratic forces administering group based in the neighboring democratic republic of congo with links to the so called is lubbock state school in the town of important where is located less than 2 kilometers from the congolese border locals are furious with security forces. you've got tony goes to the board, does uh, secure security insights. i wanted a security to tell us was that when these do last came, i came to get our people. oh shoot, shoot. are you going to be available? is that going to be a lot people? is this like you anything we've been yoga and what is it that we see them? scott idea where i've it at night. so you've been, the military was deployed in the condo to help fight the group. the commander of these forces conceded this failed to eliminate the threat because by a certain level of the shipment, which is very unfortunate that a mistake was made, adult children have been killed. that was p. c. that's why as being based in the congress to go to see these kind of attacks happening back home is not a good thing because on the security forces, say they are on

do you have a night attack happens near the western border with a democratic republic of congo authority see the office you in a minute. sounds linked to the so called a stomach state. as a community in shock. dozens were killed in the school in uganda. looked up and bundled live or hacked to death with machetes. the survivors are traumatized. some has been abducted. these are referred crimes, were committed by the ad like democratic forces imaging group based in the neighboring democratic republic of congo, with links to the so called is lubbock state school in that town or from point where it's located at less than 2 kilometers from the congolese border locals are furious with security forces. you've got tony goes to the board as uh, secured. security is tight. i want to the security to tell us was that when these do last came, i came to get our people. oh shoot, shoot. are you going to be available? is that going to be a lot people? is this like you anything we've been yoga and what is it that we see them? scott died? yeah, well, where are they at night? so you've been in the military

it happened in my found to weigh a few kilometers from the border with the democratic republic of congo. some of the victims died in a fire in the school to mitre on those shores or hacked to death with machetes, your guns and police blame the attack on the allied democratic forces. catherine story has this report. apollo blackout had left the boat a town of pondering in darkness. when on demand a talked you didn't say they was sleeping when all lives democratic forces forced their way into hostiles. store food from a store and burned a dormitory. some of the students will have to desk with marcia t's and foxes others were killed when the rebels designated upon some survive by hiding under the bodies of the dead fellow students. what's the trouble? we're getting ready to sleep. when we heard people shouting, we saw a man wearing down at green clothes with guns, axes, and machetes. they went to the stipend, the too much, we do. then they started shooting. they also went to the goats hospitals. you've done done forces opposite the rebels who are believed to have fled into the room got nat

also mccloud reporting to the democratic republic of congo on the autism, a luggage to take that 10 bucks a 1000 kilometers by manpower letters to the coffee shop. the hello. i'm pleased to say we have got some welcome relief from the intense heat wave kosanota piles of china right with the next couple of days, right will come through. we have got some rain down towards the south. as the plum rains, the sales know raise the my, you're from that will push that. what's the weather across the cream financially on into japan, still halting beijing at around the t 9 celsius on choose day. it comes to right. is that tumbles this way through 32 celsius, just knocking the head of those temperatures. sab will say, temperatures at around $32.00, south east, which is about what it should be. a 32 with some showers that 2 across southern policy in hong kong. good scattering the showers across south east asia have used of which will be across the low china and also into the philippines, some china showers for the south, even down into indonesia. meanwhile, we have got some welcome rifle coming into no

the clock houses here a democratic republic of congo. on saturday, nick saw it brings this part to of the series he's going to head into the forest to hear what the affected communities have to say about the proposed exploration projects of all buying size is going to suspend. definitely payments for countries hit by natural disasters. the announcement was made at a summit in power as involving 50 heads of state and government. many of the leaders of the world bank and the international monetary fund have become increasingly updated to, to address challenges such as climate change and pandemic. the you and the security council just finished a briefing on the war in ukraine, the us and basset, or to the un accused of run of not only providing russia with hundreds of one way attack drones, but of working to produce these weapons inside russia. the us and his allies are calling on the secretary general to investigate these violations. rushes and bronze actions violate un security council resolution 2231. that resolution for hibbits all coun