i'm damon wilson, executive vice president here at the council. let me echo the welcoming to all of you in our audience and as well as to the ambassador and our team, our partners from norway. this is a conference on nato's deterrence and collective defense. this first panel discussion is on the new challenges and new tools around deterrence. as fred said, this conference today is part of a much larger project that we have called nato in an era of global competition. it's a chance for the council in 2014 to think long-term about where the alliance is going. in essence it's a project to sharpen the purpose and relevance as the alliance as we head into what fred characterized as an inflection point in history. for all of you in our audience, working on ensuring that the summit next year is not just the last summit on afghanistan essentially. but it really is a summit that kicks off a new chapter of nato's future, a healthy future for the alliance. for all of you, everyone knows during the cold war, the alliance was about deterring deterrence. it was