one of them was franklin williams from the bay area in san francisco, and he came by and he spoke to a group of us at our home, and the idea of sitting in was mentioned, after talking to it with my cousin, ron walters, he was the president of the chapter and i was the vice president. we agreed that this is something we wanted to do and we wanted to carry it off ourselves. >> and when we heard this idea, we thought it was interesting. but there was a downside to that as well. this was the early part of the 1950s, up until about the midpart. we were aware of the bludgeoning in 1955. we were aware of the little rock 9, nine black youth who tried to e integrate central high school. we were aware of rosa parks' efforts to desegregate the buses in montgomery. so we had to be aware of the potential for some very negative dangerous things that could have happened. at the same time, it certainly seemed like something that was socially just, socially righteous and made sense. >> so we decided to use the nonviolent approach that dr. martin luther king used here in the united states, so we did t

grant on the other hand really liked william franklin. why would you ask that. that's because franklin was number one in grant's west point class. he thought franklin was about as bright a man as you can get. in that sense he was, but as a general, we pretty well know the difference. when lincoln heard that, he said no no, i don't think he said, but knew in his manned, he smells of mcclellan. they left it at that. next day, grant wired washington and said he is sending his cavalry commander sheridan to assume temporary command of the new department, if hunter does not want to stay in command. if hunter wants to stay in command, he can be. i will tell you in washington they were surprised by this appointment. i'm not sure because of his age at 33 or bought i was irish. but nevertheless, they were taken aback by the fact we're going to give this to philip sheridan. he is the kind of man grant wanted there. talk about it, phil sheridan is aggressive. grant wanted aggressiveness, wanted somebody to take command of an army and he wanted to make war in that army. phil

franklin, get him to do the right thing. and most of the time he did the right thing. but when william was holding out his hand, i wanted to reach across the centuries and just take benjamin franklin, take his happened, dammit, take it! but he didn't. [laughter] but he didn't. and he went back to america, and he never forgave his son. for, well, doing what his conscience told him to do, to side with his king. and there, i had a particular reason, part of it was the father in me, saying, come on, your son is holding out his hand to you. but i will confess that there was another part of it, and that is that it was one of the very few acts of franklin's life that i couldn't explain. because he was on the whole a very reasonable person. and he had fallen out with many in england during the revolutionary war, but once it was over, he made up with them. and i could not figure out what was going through franklin's heart and head at the time. now, we historians -- at least the more modest of us -- we don't claim to have all the answers, but this was a big part of franklin's emotional life. and

franklin high school. for basketball coach william russell, it was a proud day. >> i'm feeling amazing because i got a chancee all of these guys come in before the graduation. and it kind of registered that all my kids are going to graduate and i'm really, really happy about that. >> in the audience this morning was marcus harvel's mom who was here to see her son's teammates and friends graduate. >> i'm excited for the children, i love the babies more than a lot of things. i really love that we have a great connection as a family. so i'm excited. a little hurt but excited. >> we've had some battles. we've had some wars. >> for these young men, this whole experience has taught them some valuable lessons. >> one thing i learned personally, even when things get tough, i just keep on moving forward and always stay positive no matter what. one thing i learned no matter what happened on and off the court with us, we could still be one big family. at the end of the day, we have each other's back and we'll be there for each other. >> have a positive mind. stay focused. never give up on your goal. have a straight sho

franklin d. roosevelt's call to industrial business magnates william knudsen and henry kaiser to leaf their private sector positions and lead the war production effort during world war ii. this is a little over an hour. [inaudible conversations] >> good evening. i'm henry olson, vice president of the american enterprise institute and director of its national research initiative which is a foundation or an organization within aei, entity, that's what i was looking for, entity within aei that supports original domestic policy-relateed research and big think books of which our current speaker, arthur herman, is the author of the book that is the summit of today's -- subject of today's discussion, "freedoms forge," clearly is one of. the 2012 election is, in many ways, a debate over the 1932 election. should we continue or extend the legacy of franklin delano roosevelt in establishing the federal government as one of the preeminent directors if not the preeminent director of american economic life, or should we embrace the creative animal spirits of free enterprise capitalism and trust more to ourselve

franklin and armfeld, who sold hundreds of people throughout the 1830s and '40s. he only sold a few people at a time, particularly where he could make a handsome profit. his son william gadsby also cast a shadow on his reputation. he followed his father into the hotel business. unlike his father, he was publicly named as a traitor by abolitionists. williams' participation in human trafficking, coupled with new evidence from newspapers and anti-slavery tracts, helps illuminate gadsby's own involvement. john gadsby's illustrious career as a hotel owner is storied, whereas william gadsby's story and career were much more murkier. john gadsby was born in england around 1776, emigrated to america after the revolution and arrived in alexandria in 1795. he then leased a tavern from john wise around 1800 and demonstrated his aptitude for business turning into gadsby's tavern where he entertained george washington and other netables like thomas jefferson and john adams. he later put the tavern and farm up for lease and left for baltimore in 1808 where he became the proprietor of the plush hotel the indian queen, which he later sells to david barnum in 1819. around 1822 he mov