gorbachev talked about evil empire. reagan talked about strategic defense in hopes that it would scare the russians. even when they met in geneva, when you read the transcripts, you see for the most part they are talking past each other and they are impatient with each other. it is really rather sterile conversations. yet they both feel, by the time geneva in november 1985 is over, that they have made a breakthrough. it turns up a have. if you must later at reykjavik, they come close to an agreement -- we have to define it exactly what it means -- but an agreement to abolish nuclear weapons. in that near agreement, we see their compatibility. we see the facts that they both would like to get rid of nuclear weapons if they can, unlike a lot of their colleagues in a -- and their governments who have come to the conclusion that nuclear weapons keep the peace as horrible as the consequences , would be if they were ever used. then when reagan goes to moscow in the summer of 1988 and is standing in the shadow of the kremlin a

i put out there, i read no dtente, no gorbachev. where else is he going to have the opportunity to travel the way he does? where else is he going to have the chance to spend time in canada, and then spend time in the united states. hate the united states, but see scandinavian social democracy as an alternative. those connections matter enormously. and matter for the american society as well. the quality of our study of the soviet union, and the quality of advice that people like reagan and others are getting is much improved in the 1980s because of the exchanges that arise in the 1970s. that said, those successes, i think, come with many failures. many failures that actually have to do less with individuals. the strength of nixon and kissinger as policimakers is their overwhelming energy, deep thought and ability to pursue risky but important initiatives. their weaknesses are all the same things. they do not know how to operate effectively in institutions, are not institution builders, i would all them at times institution disruptor

mr gorbachev saw the enormous capital that would have been needed to compete with the u.s. at that time and that essentially ended up shutting down the cold war to a large extent so let's fast forward michael to today and we see the north koreans were all about talking about what their weapons kasab capabilities are and president putin in his state of the nation address actually showed a video a sort of a striking video and said it could not be evaded that that that the video could be evaded the missile could be evaded so. where are we today how much money is the soviet union the u.s. spending on these things and are is the same sort of cast of characters with regard to defense contractors who are trying to pile on and make a buck out of these things and response to your last part yes defense contractors see the new golden age again because basically the policy has. been changed now to back more to more strategic systems and were seen as a reason as in response to the north korean threat more development of missiles that can shoot down. the incoming missiles if if if we hav

so and mr gorbachev has pointed out also the the what mr putin says is they greedy on the abrogation of the a.b.m. treaty by the by bush by mr bush in two thousand and one was a vast mistake it and it undermines the the nationals the the balance of power that exists between the two countries on top of that you have the american support putin the scent of terrorists in the caucasus on top of that you have opposing points of view on ukraine obviously and mr putin states his case very clearly in this book what his case is which americans don't hear and on top of that you have syria which again it's amazing to me how under reported that war is. orci has covered what about yemen. reportedly and. i want to talk more about this and the context in which this book came out fills in a weird way that when the actual cold wars in place it was just clean cut you know you had to sidestep where against each other now for me it's so much more scarier because the world is paul or and there's so much house around and everyone's trying to pull it on themselves. and all those conflicts that you just men

gorbachev had made sweeping offers, meece recalled to me.he nuclear arsenals would only come if reagan would abandon his strategic defense initiative. meece recalled that a began knew his own mind so thoroughly that never was going to happen. reagan knew going in he would never agree to that. and when gorbachev demanded that, there was no going forward. resolve matters at the summit. if kju gets a source of something he never had before, denuclearization or destruction, it could work. it is useful to consult a 1980 book by richard nixon. the president arguably with the most successful summit in beijing in 1972. he devoted a chapter to presidential leadership. there is quite a lot on preparing for sum mitts. the key admonition, quote, but a president should go to a summit only if the stakes are worth the risks and the meeting is thoroughly programmed in advance. no president should go with an adversary unless he knows what is on the other side of the mountain. nicks op also wrote 10 rules he wished he could have carved into the wall of the ov

and i was and mr gorbachev you know was not the crook in america we saw him as a lion as a hero and in this country of course he was seen as a weak man who had lost control of this of this empire so it's a whole different view of it and i've been see mr gorbachev since then i've been through his criticisms of mr putin and i have to say the last time i saw him he said that mr putin is the guy for now whatever they say because america has violated that compact he made in one thousand nine hundred eighty eight eighty nine that nato would not go east one inch if the germany's were united he allowed for that. that has not happened nato has been accelerated under the not go under the americans under clinton and and bush and obama. and mr gorbachev as pointed out also the the what mr putin says is they greedy on the abrogation of the a.b.m. treaty by the by bush by mr bush in two thousand and one was a vast mistake it and it undermines the the nationals the the balance of power that exists between the two countries on top of that you have the american support putin the scent of terrorists in

and mr gorbachev has pointed out also the the what mr putin says is they greedy on the abrogation of the a.b.m. treaty by the by bush by mr bush in two thousand and one was a vast mistake it and it undermines the the nationals the the balance of power that exists between the two countries on top of that you have the american support putin the scent of terrorists in the caucasus on top of that you have opposing points of view on ukraine obviously and mr putin states his case very clearly in this book what his case is which americans don't hear and on top of that you have syria which again it's amazing to me how under reported that war is. archie has covered one of our yemen aren't you guys how are some to report any and i don't have a laundry list i want to add more about this and the context in which this book came out fails in a weird way that when the actual cold war is in place it was just clean cut you know you had to side step where against each other now for me it's so much more scarier because the world is marked by paul or and there's so much house around and everyone's tryin

slowed significantly after the end of the cold war when mikhail gorbachev became the leader of the soviet union recently there's been a lot of talk about north korea and their nuclear missile program and now with president russian president putin who gave a recent state of the nation speech where he discussed cruise missiles that could reach anywhere in the world it raises the question of what's going on and from a boom bust perspective on business and finance how much money is being spent on these sorts of things and which companies are profiting from the development of star wars type systems and here to discuss it probably the best person around in the world a former pentagon official michael maloof michael thank you so much for being with us let's time travel you were at the department of defense then when i was out talking about nuclear arms awareness week and things and it was a sort of an on. nerving time but take our viewers who don't recall back to what was going on and then which were the companies that were involved in this strategic defense initiative at the time well it was at

gorbachev, tear down this wall.ause] even as he battled darker forces in the world, he remained touched by what abraham lincoln once described as our nature. americans have sung about freedom and prosperity since the founding of this great land. our national discourse grows ise course and crude increasingly harsh winds blow across the globe. it seems that our leaders can't do the people's work at home. i miss them even more. ronald reagan came from the midwest, with a background as diverse as the country he loved. he studied economics at eureka a radioand became broadcaster, labor leader, corporate spokesman, and then governor of california. as he matured, he demonstrated the power of big ideas about taxes and spending, about regulation. held those conservative principles very viscerally. they were indeed part of his dna. he never wavered from them. he was a decent, humble, and graceful soul. a man that paid attention to small kindnesses that also defined a good life. some didn't like his policies. it was impossible

so and mr gorbachev has pointed out also the the what mr putin says is they greedy on the abrogation of the a.b.m. treaty by the by bush by mr bush in two thousand and one was a vast mistake it and it undermines the nationals the the balance of power that exists between the two countries on top of that you have the american support. putin the scent of terrorists in the caucasus on top of that you have opposing points of view on ukraine obviously and mr putin states his case very clearly in this book what his case is which americans don't hear and on top of that you have syria which again it's amazing to me how under reported that war is. archie has covered one of our yemen aren't you guys how are some to report any and i don't have a laundry list i want to be add more about this every and the context in which this book came out fills in a weird way that when the actual cold war is in place it was just clean cut you know you had to sidestep where against each other and now for me it's so much more scarier because the world is my pipe holler and there's so much house around and everyon

slowed significantly after the end of the cold war when mikael gorbachev became the leader of this union recently there's been a lot of talk about north korea and their nuclear missile program and now with president russian president putin who gave a recent state of the nation speech where he discussed cruise missiles that could reach anywhere in the world it raises the question of what's going on and from a boom bust perspective on business and finance how much money is being spent on these sorts of things and which companies are profiting from the development of star wars type systems and here to discuss it probably the best person around in the world a former pentagon official michael maloof michael thank you so much for being with us let's time travel you were at the department of defense then when i was out talking about nuclear arms awareness week and things and it was a sort of an unnerving time but take our viewers who don't recall back to what was going on and then which were the companies that were involved in this strategic defense initiative at the time well it was at the beg

in russia we always panic whenever gorbachev announced a new initiative of the money will be. they were always poorly thought through absolutely populist and also very dangerous. to deal with it but. tired i want to go back to myself. you're not tired mr. i realize you're very angry. but about what about what i'll tell you about what my all my life i defended the german democratic republic against these class enemies it's not me who should be condemned but those who gave away our country those who betrayed the just cause of the working class and that's what i'm angry about. except let me tell you something. if i had my way the german democratic republic would still exist today this conversation right here would not even be happening. if that's what and more our conversation would have been a very different one. i'm not a judge or a lawyer i'm assessing if you're fit to stand trial and assassination more than sixty years ago this is ridiculous that any state governed by the rule of law the statute of limitations would have expired a long time ago. but do you still remember and

the new president and communist party leader mikhail gorbachev was an acting reforms to great popular acclaim also among many ordinary east germans. the east german regime including arish mediocre in general secretary eric whitacre oppose these reforms they had already witnessed many changes over the years and plan to simply wait out gorbachev's reforms for them political transparency glasnost and perestroika could only herald the beginning of the end the end of socialism the soviet intelligence service the k.g.b. agreed. didn't listen he refused to listen to anyone he was sick sick with narcissism. for the first time ever the k.g.b. was sidelined it continued to function no one was interested in what it had to say . about his own vision his own view of the world those of us in the k.g.b. in russia we always panic whenever gorbachev announced a new initiative of the one you know where they were always poorly thought through absolutely populist rhetoric and also very dangerous ownership which would feel what it costs. tired i want to go back to myself. susan you're not tired mr mucosa

the seeds of which had been planted by the soviet union's last premier, mikhail gorbachev. - [sachs] almost everybody was facing extreme uncertainty and alarm at a collapsed economy, empty shelves, high inflation and tremendous political turmoil. - then under the advice and guidance of western economists, western business leaders and western politicians russian started to implement what has been known as shock therapy reform. (mournful music) - [news reader] a chicken costs nearly two weeks' pay. only those with hard currency are assured of getting something. - [narrator] tens of thousands of state-owned enterprises had to be privatized, reshaping the entire russian economy. - [buchanan] it was seen as really something like the period of the 1870s, 80s and 90s in the united states with robber barons doing exceedingly well, and the people not doing well, and their standard of living falling. - [polyakova] each state enterprise was assigned a certain number of vouchers and then people can buy them up. those who had the connections, who had some money already, not your average russian c

gorbachev, tear down this wall.] even as he battled darker forces in the world, he remained touched by what abraham lincoln described as the better angels of our nature. to his ear, the mystic chords of memory worth unifying verses that americans had sung about freedom and prosperity since the founding of this great land. as time goes by, as our national discourse grows more course and as increasingly harsh winds blow across the globe, and it seems that our leaders either won't or can't do the people's work at home, i .iss him even more ronald wilson reagan came from the midwest with a background as diverse as the country he loved. at eureka economics college. broadcaster, aio labor leader, then governor of california. as he matured, he demonstrated aboutwer of big ideas taxes, about spending, about regulation, about national defense. he held those rock ribbed conservative principles very viscerally. they were indeed part of his dna . he never, ever wavered from them. a decent, he was humble, and graceful soul. and

gorbachev, tear down this wall.plause] battled darker forces in the world, he remained lincolnby what abraham described as the better angel of our nature. to his ear, the mystic chords of memory where the unifying verses that americans have sung about freedom and prosperity since the founding of this land. are nash -- by, as as our national discourse grows more course and crude as increasingly hard winds blow across the globe and it seems that our leaders either won't or cannot do the people's work at home, i miss him even more. ronald wilson reagan came from the midwest with a background as diverse as the country he loved. he studied economics at eureka college. , abecame a radio broadcaster labor leader, a corporate spokesman, and governor of california. he demonstrated the power of big ideas. about regulation. he held those rockribbed conservative principles very viscerally. they were indeed part of his dna. he never wavered from them. decent,e, he was a humble, and graceful soul. he was a man who asked -- who as

gorbachev supported the annexation and occupation of georgia. they've signed up to protect countries even though we have neither the resources or intention to do so in any serious way so coming back to the plan we remember it today because it was visionary and disturbed people's imaginations but it was alsot hardheaded we would have failed because we would have to go to war and to dond that about today as the greatest success we will have been one of its greatest debacles. thank you very much. [applause] c-span is here so it is important to speak into the microphone's. i wonder as you brought up this issue whether it was wise to incorporate them into nato. the backlash didn't materialize until putin came to power. the former soviet union not in the countries that wanted to be admitted. the other question is what about the agencies and independent countries themselves. what place was it for the united states? >> the firstl material conflict began in march 993 days after the first wave of the expansion from hungary, poland, czechoslovakia he began

on his inaugural visit to moscow eggen krentz met with mikhail gorbachev who assured the new east german leader that the soviet union remained its stalwart friend and supporter. but the digital people into the gorbachev spoke about his first telephone conversation with a gun krentz he affirmed that the relations between the two countries had always focused on the desire to move forward together. that the uk but that this betrayal deeply touched the hearts of all ordinary russians and said never happened before. or the russia or whether we call it democratic or liberal. russia trade the german chancellor going yes it was a trail. i knew pretty heavily. but . we gave the german democratic republic the right to freely determine. we did not negotiate the safety of the people who would always been our loyal allies. and that was criminal. case coming up. then you know comrades remain seated. we're going to come right minister. shall we implement the plan for day x. . this is not you. i have to think and those comrades these are the soviet union will no longer protect us and that's the situatio

until after five years when he left the presidency and if you go back and look at the letter to gorbachev 8, the three-page letr that was filled with detail, policy analysis, or go online and look at the speech to the university of virginia law t school students who went down to charlottesville and gave the speech and acted for a good hour and a half with the students there's no signs of alzheimer's or dementia. he was with dozens of officials, reporters, nobody saw any evidence whatsoever. we had missiles pointed at each other. any mistake or misunderstanding and he couldld lead to don't thk little misunderstandings don't lead to big things because john foster wallace i'm sorry, harry truman wrongfully said south korea wasn't a part of our defense perimeter and within weeks, north korea invaded the peninsula. carter saidin in 1979 afghanistn isn't a part of our defense perimeter and within months sold it. so even little things that the president is not paying attention to can lead to big. there is no evidence whatsoever and if you look at the speeches and everything else, this was a ment

the name anatoly sobchak stands alongside the likes of gorbachev and yeltsin.—soviet reformer chose an obscure kgb officer as his deputy is also the story of how factions from the old soviet security establishment have come to be running russia today. anatoly sobchak was voted out of office in 1996 amid allegations of corruption. while his political fortunes declined, his deputy‘s were on the rise. putin moved to moscow and got a job in the kremlin. when anti—corru ption investigators called sobchak in for questioning, putin personally helped spirit him out of the country. with sobchak gone, the investigation ground to a halt. a few years later an independent journalist in saint petersburg had an unexpected visitor. a man by the name of yury shutov claimed to have the details of the sobchak investigation. he had a dossier, i didn't take it into my rooms, i didn't open it. why would a journalist not want to read the dossier? the answer is self—preservation. not long after this, shutov was charged with murder. when a judge dismissed the case due to lack of eviden

this is not gorbachev and regan, although reagan was a former actor. this would be a monumental win for the president if they denuclearize. >> i think victor cha is pointing out important point. this could go one of two ways. it could go either the way of gorbachev and reagan where we have peace in our time to borrow phrase from another era or it could be something very different. it could bring us closer to war. the reason it could do that. if the two leaders are disappointed in each other and one doesn't get what they think they are due, it is going to create even more ridged positions on their part and once those ridged positions are created, it is going to really make it more difficult for these two countries, actually, really, three countries south korea involved, it is going to make it more difficult to step back from the brink and that is really the danger here. we are looking at somebody in donald trump who is really somebody who goes, seizes the moment, goes for the deal as quickly as possible. on the other hand, a very estute leader in north

there could be some type of breakthrough but if you look back to reagan and gorbachev there summit, itot go as planned and there was no agreement because of missile defense and the russians were concerned about the us program. but one year later we got in washington at that summit, the breakthrough. it takes time. and try to help everyone understand that this type of symmetry often takes time. >> remember that it was raining and president ronald reagan had a coat on and he came out like stonefaced from the Ãit did lead to success but there are concerns. people think that when kim jong-un will get to the table, he will say get the us troops 20,000 out of south korea. stop defending south korea. do not have any more military exercises. and then i will consider maybe doing something with the nuclear program. which they say he will never give up because it is key to survival. >> while i find that an onset of concerns. north korean leader has agreed to stopping his nuclear testing now. he has agreed to discussing denuclearization. and he has agreed to watching and standing by as the us and

reagan was not going to hand gorbachev a huge bonanza of pr by forcefully evicting illegals, guests, whatever you want to call them, at a time when he's lecturing mikhail gorbachev on the virtues of freedom and democracy. that's number one. number two is that many of these refugees, not all, but many had fled communism in nicaragua and cuba, and also we had a wet foot policy where we accepted communist, emigres from communist countries looking for political asylum in the united states. to say that reagan -- i go through this all theok time, ths misunderstandingn of reagan on immigration. it's much more sophisticated than youit herald previously. laugh. >> ivi think that's your cue, charlie. >> i wasn't sure what question you asked him, but i think it had something to do with civility -- [laughter] and when,n, perhaps, we -- [inaudible conversations] to engage in that. i, at some point maybe we'll talk about the role that newt gingrich played in all of that, because as you go back, and i also have gone back historically and what were those, what were those moments, what was the recess

with levi's 501s and the dream of wearing them and the beatles black market records than it did gorbachevpower to make a change. the human dreaming, so much of it was to take the american model, the dream that is that, and increasingly, now, i think that what we are is the most armed of existing democracies and, beyond that, i don't think that i would say that the respect and the aspiration that we modeled is no longer on our country. that's not a political comment. >> trevor: right. >> that's a touristic comment where i've traveled, it's changed. and i think we owe it to ourselves to get it back, and the only way we do that is a show that we know how to stop fighting with each other an really listen to each other and really demand that our politicians do the job. and in this case, the job includes, by any historical parallel, the impeachment of this president. ( applause ) >> trevor: you're a fascinating man. i appreciate you being on the show. "bob honey who just do stuff" is available now. sean penn, everybody. we'll be right back. ( cheers and applause ) thank you so much. ♪ you could

our country made no formal commitments to gorbachev as putin claims. gorbachev said the spirit of the conversation suggested that we would not expand nato. when he came to power in ukraine and wanted to do business with the european union, the russians asked the united states whether we would be ok with a try patriot economic agreement where europe would do business with russia. the european union rejected that. omithe was ousted, you can came to the united states and said, why do we not call early elections and have a coalition. it is unclear whether we were diplomatically for that. we then supported the regime change against him. i guess my first question, it is three parts. you think we made a strategic mistake by insisting that ukraine join nato? you believe we made a mistake by recognizing the coup against him? do you think we made a mistake -patriateving the tri agreement? >> i have not looked at those specific instances that you pointed out. i will give you one is a written statement after the hearing. >> i would appreciate that. your expertise.

president ronald reagan held a series of meetings with soviet leader mikhail gorbachev their efforts to scale back the arms race between the two countries eventually led to the end of the cold war finally if this meeting happens donald trump would become the first u.s. president to meet with a north korean leader while in office his change of heart is in part thanks to south korea this is the man doing the running between p.r. myaing and washington d.c. and he's finally reached a major milestone. by poor president president thought that you know meeting north korean leader kim jong un he is committed to to do provide. him pledged to north korea really good frame from any for the nuclear or this or tests that he thrust his eagerness to meet the president from that phone as possible it is a sentiment shared by the u.s. president who confirmed that a meeting is being planned. the historic breakthrough comes after south korean negotiators held talks in pyongyang on monday it was here they learned that denuclearization was on the menu. far from giving up their bombs in recent years north

not even president reagan and gorbachev can match the unprecedented nature of this potential summit between donald trump and kim jong un. not to mention, that none of the state department or ambassadorial figures left in. but what do you think -- obviously the opportunities -- but the pitfalls particularly given mike pompeo's views on north korea? >> so number one i have a lot of concern that we have created this sense of equivalence between a real president of a real country, donald trump and the united states, and kim jong un. i used to negotiate with the north koreans, a back-bencher in again eve aif but i was at the table negotiating with the people's korean army. and the one thing they always wanted to maneuver to achieve is isolated the united states and create this sense of balance and equality between the united states and north korea. and we granted them that as a going in position for the talks. with regard to the actual expectation of the talks, here is an interesting dynamic, i think, christiane, actually, soon to be secretary pompeo is a bit more skeptical about the north korea

he was the president of russia, but there was gorbachev who was the president of the soviet union.ements he just destroyed the soviet union. i want your view on something topical in the united kingdom today. and that is the very mysterious illness, the critical illness, of a russian double agent, sergei skripal, currently in hospital fighting for life alongside his daughter. mr skripal was a russian agent who then seemed to be working for the uk, was imprisoned in russia, then was pardoned and sent to the uk in a spy swap. that was a very long question. that was not a question, that was a position. do you think russia's response will for what has happened to sergei skripal? and have nothing to do with that, and i can say that you do not speculate on that. it you start speculating, even this guy didn't give his explanation what happened. there was no investigation about that. why we should put everything on the hard side? why should we think about the enemy psychology from the first thing, from the first thing? here's one thing... we'll never agree on anything. here's one thing you