and all of those exhibits emphasize reagan working with gorbachev. reagan talking with gorbachev. negotiating. doing what they could to try and develop the trust that would ultimately lead to disarmement, right? and a new detante that would actually bring lasting peace. by the way, the iran contra exhibit is right here, just conveniently located. you might miss it. i'm not saying it's put there strategically, but you might just miss it as you're on the way to see the statue and film. it's actually a well-done exhibit. i'm not criticizing the exhibit itself, it just happens to be right there where you just might walk past it. reagan on the end of the cold war, right? president reagan never, ever claimed to have won the cold war. reagan consistently gave credit to others, especially the people of eastern europe and the people of the soviet union who ultimately demanded an end to the cold war status quo, and who ultimately rejected communism. i don't want you guys to leave here and think that i don't think ronald reagan didn't play a positive note to the cold war, but the way he cont

gorbachev, tear down this wall.e wasn't sure if gorbachev listened to him, but he nor the rulers of eastern europe could ignore the much louder chants of demonstrators in the streets and in the churches and the schools and factories and on the farms, a once silent people found their voice and with it a battering ram to knock down walls, real and imagined. because of them, the political map of europe has been rewritten. what about the museum? well, if you go to the reagan museum, which i highly recommend, i think it's wonderful. i've been to many of them, i think the reagan museum is exceptional. when you go there, you come upon -- you get to a large foreign policy section, and once you get through it, there are these doors, as you can see here from my amateur photography, and as you look through it, this big sort of video playing of reagan and gorbachev and what they did to basically bring about an end to the cold war through peaceful negotiations, and there are exhibits all around the room that sort of talk about h

so all of those exhibits emphasize reagan working with gorbachev. reagan talking with gorbachev.gotiating, doing what they could to develop the trust that would lead to ultimately disarmament. and a new dÉtente, that would bring lasting peace. and by the way, the iran exhibit is right here, and you might miss it and i'm not saying it's their strategically, but you could miss it as you're on your way to see you know the pretty statue and film. it's a well done exhibit. i'm not criticizing the exhibit itself, it just happens to be in a place where you might walk past it. okay so reagan on the end of the cold war, praised president reagan could never have claimed to have won the cold war. instead he consistently gave credit to others. especially the people of eastern europe. and the people of the soviet union, who demanded an end to the cold war status quo. and who ultimately rejected communism. i don't want you guys to leave here and think that i don't think that ronald reagan, played a big role at the yet for the end of the cold war. i think he contributed significantly to the end

gorbachev's freedoms of the 1990's led to the tightening of the political screws today.respondent: although mikael gorbachev was a staunch communist, the communist regime collapse as a result of his reforms. the entire soviet union collapsed in 1991, almost 70 years after it was founded. >> translator: i that region. someone who renounces their countries -- i call that region. someone who renounces their ideals, no longer loyal to the soviet people, that is a traitor. certainly the country we live in today is not ideal, but it is better than the totalitarian state call the soviet union that we used to live in, and we owe that to gorbachev. >> translator: gorbachev did not leave the country with the help of the kgb secret service, but with the support of human rights activists, intellectuals, and people with humanistic ideals. on the other hand, if you ask young people from my generation what they associate with the current system, none of them will mention the terms freedom, openness, and honesty. [applause] correspondent: at 90, mikael gorbachev has been celebrated by s

gorbachev gave the russians the opportunity to exercise political freedom us not to fear telling the truth or not to fear protesting in the streets or voting for outspoken politicians. was someone who just had to come to change the system at some point he had to loosen the political screws that his main achievement. reforms and freedom of expression. i don't mean much to me as much freedom must have limits otherwise things will get out of hand gorbachev's freedoms of the 1990 s. led to the tightening of the political screws today. was a staunch communist the communist regime collapsed as a result of his reforms the entire soviet union collapsed in 1991 almost 70 years after it was finding. that treason know someone who announces their country's ideals in exchange for popularity in the west someone who is no longer loyal to his soviet people that person is a traitor. but certainly the country we live in today is not ideal but it's still better than the totalitarian state called the soviet union that we used to live in and we owe that to gorbachev. did not leave the country with the he

the real fear from gorbachev, there are actually three fears. the first is that he might succeed, might actually revitalize the soviet union, and therefore be able to renew a cold war, because we know that kremlin geopolitical aspirations had not changed. the second great fear is there might be a coup launched against him, because he was so radically revolution airy, that we would expect congress stalwarts, troglodytes if you will, either in his country or throughout the soviet empire. people had power and didn't want to lose, it and we expected them to rebel against someone trying to take away power. george bush gets a memo on his desk, his first week in office, and says the following. we expect, any moment now, there is going to be a counter revolutionary coup against gorbachev. bush essentially received the same memo every week for the next two and a half years, until ultimately, it comes true. it's significant, because it helps us understand his mindset. he knows if he does something wrong or does too much, that everything that seems to be m

asked to 3 russian politicians what mikhail gorbachev means to them freedom fighter who visionary this is how mikhail gorbachev his new one in the west in germany people credit the russian politicians with media for cation but what does the last soviet president stand for in today's russia 3 young politicians think of when they hear gorbachev on a hunger and fear. perestroika changes something like that. for me the key word is freedom. it was a link to chairman of the communist party in 1994 no one had to cling high far reaching his reforms would be. painful the transition from a command economy to the markets economy would be for millions of soviet citizens. when i was 14 i had to earn money as a cleaner in my own school starting at 6 am then i quickly changed clothes and went to school with other children at 8 o'clock otherwise our family cannot afford to buy bread and i associate that with gorbachev which. gave the russians the opportunity to exercise political freedom is not to fear telling the truth or not to fear protesting in the streets or voting for outspoken politicians. just

tonight, the gorbachev era has at _ start. tonight, the gorbachev era has at last _ start.ra has at last come to an end. |, era has at last come to an end. i, nelson mandela...— era has at last come to an end. i, nelson mandela... every day, every year we've _ i, nelson mandela... every day, every year we've shone a light i every year we've shone a light on our world, your world. highlighting events for the better, and for the worse. events which fundamentally changed our world. we've grown up changed our world. we've grown up with leaders like these. where are you from? bbc. there is another beauty. withheld them to account. this is another beauty. withheld them to account.— is another beauty. withheld them to account. as the united states prepares _ them to account. as the united states prepares for _ them to account. as the united states prepares for a _ them to account. as the united states prepares for a new - states prepares for a new president. states prepares for a new president-— states prepares for a new resident. ~ , , president. we broken the big stories. presid

people have had such a dramatic impact on research in history as the last soviet leader mikhail gorbachev as he celebrates his one she'll birthday look at his legs. welcome to the program and we start with some good news the release of hundreds of schoolgirls who were kidnapped last week in northwest nigeria government authorities say the girls are safe and well students were abducted from their boarding school by an armed gang in some for a state last friday. but their ordeal is over. officials say the almost 300 school children are healthy however some did suffer physical wounds it's the psychological impact of their kidnapping thought may take longer to heal. if you didn't want it most of us injured our feet and we couldn't continue to walk our captors said they would shoot anybody who didn't continue we walked across the river and they hit us and let us sleep under bushes in a forest. and. for the families of the schoolgirls their relief is unsurmountable. i'm very happy. now that i can see a super not god has brought our or deal to an end like that he knew we were so happy as them is

next, former soviet union leader mikhail gorbachev's lecture at the college from may 1992. he talked about how the world could emerge from the cold war and shape the future. [ applause ] -- in which the sculpture's imagination and remarkable expression and reconnaissancism conveyed the drama of the cold war. the irrepressible human striving to penetrate the barriers of alienation and confrontation. it is symbolic that this was the grabbed daughter of winston churchill and that this sculpture should be in fulton. more than 46 years ago, winston churchill spoke in fulton and in my country this speech was singled out as the formal declaration of the cold war. this was indeed the first time the words iron curtain were pronounced and the whole western world was challenged to close ranks against the threat of tyranny in the form of the soviet union and communist expansion. everything else in this speech including churchill's analysis of the post-war situation in the world, his thoughts about the possibility of preventing a third world war, a prospect for progress and methods of r

gorbachev, tear down that wall. he was the one who dedicated it and it was very exciting and he did it very well. and then come 18 months later, something absolutely amazing happened in that we got gorbachev to come. he is the one who really knocked the berlin wall down except it wound its way back a bit. anyway, he was there and it was quite thrilling. he was very much welcomed by all the students. everybody was amazed. i do here he has just had a birthday himself, a few days ago. i don't know how old he is, but i think he might be 90. tim: that's right. he was 90 years old on march 2. edwina: i couldn't speak any russian and i'd don't know that his english was that great at the time that i met him, but we had to exaggerate our welcoming to each other. we were enthusiastic visually to make up for the fact we didn't have all the words. i wonder who we are going to have next? tim: we continue to extend invitations to luminaries throughout the world and stay tuned to see who's going to be next. we will be hoping to ce

. >> gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union. but reagan met him half way and encouraged him and supported him. >> and madison called it freedom of the use of press and it is freedom to print things and publish things. it is not a freedom for what we now refer to institution atly as the press. >> lectures in history, on american history tv on c-span3. every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern. lectures in history is also available as a podcast. find it where you listen to podcasts. ♪♪ ♪♪ >> no, i don't understand why you have to fight. what was it about this time? but it is fighting and it is not christian. that park is for everybody. i don't want him fighting like a little gang. and his father had the same kind of fight in this very neighborhood when he was a boy. that is something that will never change. what can i do? >> but fighting won't change it. and for so long thousands of years for us, david. of course you didn't do anything. why? what's the difference why. we can't change people. it's human nature i guess. you keep away from

gorbachev to tear down the wall. was he listening? whether he was or not, neither he nor the rulers of eastern europe, could ignore the much louder chance of demonstrators in the streets of late zig and dressed in, and other cities. in the churches in the schools, in the factories unarmed on the farms, but once silent people, found their voice. with it a battering ram to knock down walls, real and imagined. because of them the political map of europe has been rewritten. the future has been redefined. even as the veil has been lifted on a cruel and bloody passed, just last week, thousands of soviet citizens many of them clutching photographs of relatives who had died in stolen's labor camps, march to the moscow headquarters of the kgb to unveil a monument to the victims of stolen hissed repression. an aging woman held up a photograph of an young man in an old-fashioned high color. face was my father she said i never knew him and he was sent to a labor camp in 1932 a few months before i was born and they shot him in 1937. as dedicating

that so when he had gorbachev up to the ranch, and here's gorbachev riding shotgun, and ronald reagan is behind the wheel of his jeep, and this man had not driven in eight years, so the he want to drive. and ahead of the secret service detail was a bit nervous in the backseat, but the president was like a little kid at the steering wheel. so excited to be behind the wheel of the car. and when gorbachev was coming up to the ranch, that president reagan asked me if i would get a gift for him and decided he wanted to give him a stetson cowboy hat. . and he said it may be difficult to find one in his size because he has a big head. he had just been named gorbachev admit named man of the year by time magazine. so it was a joke. and then i had to figure out what kind of and what size hat was gorbachev going to wear? and i could google it in those days, so i had to stay late into the night to call his office in moscow the next morning, and throughout several series of phone calls and faxes, i finally got a russian hat size, but had to converted into a western that size. . and i was wondering

that's actually gorbachev writing shotgun. ronald reagan is driving when ronald reagan was behind the wheel of his jeep you wanted to get off the road because this man had not driven in eight years, so you just didn't trust his driving really ahead of his secret service detail looks a little nervous in the backseat, but the president looks like a little kid got the steering wheel so excited to be behind the wheel the car. and when gorbachev was going to be coming up to the ranch president reagan asked me if i would get a gift for him and decided he wanted to give him a stetson cowboy hat. now he kind of joked tongue and cheeks saying it may be tough to find one in his size since he has such a big head. gorbachev had just been named time magazine man of the year. so i didn't know whether i meant that figuratively or literally but it turned into this worldwide quest to figure out what size cowboy hat does gorbachev even wear couldn't exactly google it back in the day. i know now i sound really old couldn't google it so i had to

and the gorbachev's were coming. it was so cold that they came, they basically moved everyone who was part of that welcoming ceremony indoors into the reception, and that diplomatic reception room. i mean, it was a like this pack. >> you know that room? it's about as big as this stage. maybe a smidgen bigger, but it's packed. >> so nancy notices immediately has the gorbachev's walk-in that any house have basically collapsed. and she just quietly and marlin noticed it and he had watched this happen and he says, nobody else saw this. but she went over and triggered by their arm and said, come with me. and she took her right around the corner to a ladies'room and everything got fixed and she came back out and no one was the wiser. and she said that he felt that nancy had done more for u.s. soviet relations than anyone else ever could. and still, he was a very committed communist, marxist and she tended to lecture and then she didn't like to be lectured. and that became -- they didn't get along for a long time and then a

. >> gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union. but reagan met him halfway. reagan encouraged him. he supported him. >> freedom of the press, i should just mentioned, basson originally called it freedom of the use of the press and is indeed the freedom to press and publish things. it is not what we refer to institutionally as the press. >> every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern, lectures history also available as a podcast. find it where you listen to podcasts. >> we are presently in the office of the chief medical examiner for the state of mariner -- of maryland. these are unexplained deaths, which remade in the 1940's between 1943 and 1948. they're made by the mother of forensic science. she is the only woman to make a major contribution to the field of forensic science. what she did was absently revolutionize everything. everything we have come to now in a csi type crime scene investigation, with or in popular culture and television and movies or in real life, is all due to her and what she did at harvard university. >> they are all based on real cases. she s

so nancy notices immediately as the gorbachevs walk in that reagan's pantyhose have visibly collapsed and she just quietly, and marlon noticed and he watched this happen. and nobody else saw this. she went over and took him by the arm and took him right around the corner to a lady's room and everything got fixed and she came back out and no one was the wiser. and he said that he felt that nancy had done more for u.s. soviet relations than anyone else ever could. and still -- she was a very committed communist, marxist and she continued to lecture. and nancy didn't like to be lectured to, and that became a -- they didn't get along for a long time and then at the end of president reagan's term when they all met in new york with the incoming president bush nancy said ray said gorbachev has completely changed. she was friendly and nice and invited them all to come to daca and russia and they had a wonderful time. >> one of the stories i love in the book is one you and i have spoken about a lot is the story of the two young korean children who both give credit to nancy reagan for literally

. >> gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union, but reagan met him halfway.ed him, reagan supported him. >> freedom of the press, i should mention, madison originally called it freedom of the use of the press. it is the freedom to print and publish things, not a freedom for what we refer to institutionally as the press. >> lectures in history on "american history tv" on c-span3 every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern. "lectures in history" is also available as a podcast. find it where you listen to podcasts. >> peace, togetherness and sammy is 1972 defense

gorbachev? >> well, i am hopeful that that will come about. have had expressions that, yes they are willing. the ball is in their court, even if it is our turn to invite them, we are ready when they are. but it is necessary for them to know that we don't have any illusions about them. but at the same time, we are willing to exist in the world with them. and it's time that we sat down and found out where the parameters are. >> you know the other day that the soviets have spent 500 million dollars to prop up marcus marxist regime in nicaragua. but the house has refused to commit even 14 million dollars to help freedom fighters. why have you not been able to convince the people that the cause of the conscious and aiding the congress is the right cause? >> i think part of it is the sophisticated disinformation campaign operate us the communist bloc has worldwide to where they have been able to confuse a great many of our people. even the terms that we use, i wish we had, and i wish we had done started on something from here on. if we had referred

. >> gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union, but reagan met him halfway. reagan encouraged him, reagan supported him. >> freedom of the press, i should mention, madison originally called it freedom of the use of the press. it is the freedom to print and publish things, not a freedom for what we refer to institutionally as the press. >> lectures in history on "american history tv" on c-span3 every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern. "lectures in history" is also available as a podcast. find it where you listen to podcasts. >> peace, togetherness and sammy is 1972 defense department film documented a trip to vietnam by sammy davis jr., traveling at the request of president nicks sons's -- he discusses drug abuse problems, military service and race issues with the troops. ♪ ♪ >> and everyone felt the same way. i'm not saying that -- because it's true. i asked everyone did they want to go? i didn't tell them you will go. i couldn't do that. i felt this would have to be their own decision to make ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> early in 1972, sammy davis jr. made a trip to south vie

. >> reagan met gorbachev halfway and encouraged him and supported him. >> freedom of the press i should madison originally called it freedom of the use of the press and it is freedom to print things and publish things. it is not a freedom for what we now refer to snufgs al snufgs alley. >> and this is every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern.

. >> gorbachev did most of the work. reagan met him halfway. reagan encouraged him.he use of the press. it is indeed the freedom to publish things and print things. it isn't what we refer to institutionally as the press. >> american history on c-span3 at 8:00 p.m. eastern. lectures in history are also available as a podcast. find it where you listen to pod casts.

next, former soviet union leader mikhail gorbachev's lecture at the college from may 1992. he talked about how the world could emerge from the cold war and shape the future.

gorbachev please take down the wall. that's all say about that. this situation is a travesty. with her he was on opioids no matter of his skin was blue or black or green or blue or purple. my mom taught me that in skin didn't matter. the nate united states neville academy 1972 classes 72 and in 1968 a great leader is just say he followed up with the president said ask not what your country can do for you ask you can do for your country. that's what drove me to the navy. now with my very first leave in the summer telling me mlk had been assassinated asked if we had again in the house. i said i did not know. but i'm sitting in a hospital right now with cancer and it doesn't really matter but i'm talking to you to let you know that eyewitness things that day that change my life. and views of all races. and it took often sitting with a gun and sitting in the station wagon and then sitting on the lincoln monument and we drove by the white house and return on pennsylvania avenue carrying loads of groceries and parked at the up up alien church and i was numb. i could not get up. i wa

. >> reagan met gorbachev halfway and encouraged him and supported him. >> freedom of the press i should mention madison originally called it freedom of the use of the press and it is freedom to print things and publish things. it is not a freedom for what we now refer to snufgs al snufgs alley. >> and this is every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern. >> how is this video coming through? >> all set. stand by. >>> i'm bob fruit. trout. i have a story that is really big because it is found to have a terrific impact on business. i'm talking about a big new market. $15 billion to spend. that is a lot of money. the surprising thing is that it is a fresh market, still full of opportunities. it grew up so fast, got so big in a hurry, that few of us realized its scope. these days nobody is likely to pass up chances to sell. and yet right here in our own front yard, there is money waiting to be spent. to get the story, to tell you the secret of selling the negro, we did a lot of figuring. we talked to leading businessmen, customers and salesman. we went to washington, d.c., we set up cameras and other

. >> gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union but reagan met him halfway.m. reagan supported him. >> freedom of the press, madison originally called it freedom of the use of the press and it is indeed freedom to print things and publish things not institutionally as the press. >> lectures in history on american history tv on c-span3 every saturday at 8:00 p.m. also available as a podcast. listen to it where you find podcasts. >>> the beginning where slave ships discharged cargo of primitive africans bootlegged across the atlantic long after the outlawing of the trade and it was here on these islands occupied during the early years of the war by the union forces that emancipation first

gorbachev, please take down that wall, and we don't want to go in the direction and that's all i will say about that. >> okay. >> this situation is a travesty. whether or not george floyd was on opioids, whether his skin is blue, black, green, purple or yellow makes a difference. my mama taught me that skin didn't matter. i was a midshipman in the united states naval academy in 1972. i was in the class of 72. in 1968 a great leader, a man who said, let's just say he followed a president who said ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. that's what drove me into the navy. now, fred coffee came to me was on my very first leave and told me that martin luther king had been assassinated. he asked me if we had a gun in the house. i said i didn't know. i'm sitting in the hospital right now with cancer and doesn't really matter but i'm talking you to let you know that i witnessed things that day that i changed my life. as fred and i took off with my little brothers blank gun and he asked me to sit on the outside of the station wagon and drive through the

. >> gorbachev did most of the work. reagan met him halfway. reagan encouraged him. reagan supported him. >> they called it the use of the press. it is indeed the freedom to publish things and print things. it isn't what we refer to institutionally as the press. >> american history on c-span3 at 8:00 p.m. eastern. lectures in history are also available as a podcast. find it where you listen to pod casts. >> you got the level on that, joe? how is this video coming through? >> be sure and stay clear of number 2 camera, and all set. stand by. ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ >> hello. i'm bob trout. i've got a story here that i think is big, really big, because it's bound to have a terrific impact on business. i'm talking about a new market, a big new market, millions upon millions of new prospects with $15 billion to spend. that's right. i said 15 billion. that's a lot of money, isn't it? the surprising thing is it's a fresh market, still full of opportunities. it grew up so fast, got so big in a hurry that few of us realized its scope. now, these days nobody is likely to pass up cha

. >> gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union, but reagan met him halfway.reagan supported him. >> freedom of the press which we'll get to later i should mention, it madison originally called it freedom of the use of the press and it is indeed freedom to print things and publish things. it's not a freedom for now what we refer to institutionally as the press. >> lectures in history on american history tv

. >> gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union, but reagan met him halfway, reagan encouraged him, reagan supported him. >> freedom of press, which will get to later, i should just mention, madison originally called it of the freedom of the use of the president is indeed freedom to print things and publish things. it is not a freedom for wet we now refer to a sense that the -- >> lectures in history on american history tv on c-span 3. every saturday at 8 pm eastern. lectures in history is also available as a podcast. find it where you listen to podcasts. washington journal continues. host: as black history month draws to a as black history month, welcome back to washington journal, professor eddie glaad who is the african american studies chair at princeton university and author of the new book, begin again, james baldwin's america and its urgent election lessons for our own. professor, good morning. >> good morning, how are? you >> doing very well. as we start our conversation, who was a james baldwin? >> well, he's one of the world's greatest literary artists. i think he is

don't think you ever going to be a soviet specialist you're probably too young to have cared about gorbachev. >> that's very kind of you to say but not true. i was originally a china person. i grew up in the hotbed in the study of china in a place called louisville, kentucky where i watched him visit the united states on tv and was captivated by the country. my mom is an antique dealer she can find something for everyoneou. so she found a taiwanese immigrant who started teaching me chinese aftergr school. loved it, was a studies major and then came to stanford. walked into two incredibly difficult and became fascinated. [inaudible] creating a national security state removed from china think about organizations and national security. and like any good political scientist i cannot do a single case study i needed a third case. slept on my third case the nash act of 1947 is called the central intelligence agency. and i've been stuck on intelligence evers since. now this book which is called five lies in algorithms the history and future it's a different kind of book for me. looks at 18 intellige

blunt welcome to old apartment me girl gorbachev one of the most recognizable politicians of the 20th century has celebrated his 90th birthday this past week and while his legacy still remains the subject of hot ideological debates it's puzzling that his brainchild perestroika was unstudied more carefully by social scientists what happens to system when it reaches its structural limits this question is justice pressing for capitalism today as it was for socialism some 40 years ago kennedy experience of this soviet collapse offer any salvation for the british sitting at the seams capitalist system well to discuss that i'm now joined by a look at professor of social research and public policy at new york university abu dhabi and call author of das capitalism have a future professor though again it's good to talk to you thank you very much for your time thank you you know it never ceases to amaze me how that perception of a book may change with time and i think yours is a good example because when it was 1st published 7 years ago it caused quite a stir i think it was back with some a pos

see that basically one day saying we support democracy and it's not true it wasn't true even with gorbachev was 90th anniversary of west celebrating who are saying bring in the last week because a lot of people think that he introduced democracy simply because you are no he feared to put a bureau kuwait against himself just like the bond that crucial had in 1006 to 4 so what russia have built all of these institutions the bottom and the presidency in order to protect himself from that possible which actually happened in 1901 well thank you for that because as a result we had a functioning democratic system back in 1900 the mode you have spent you want to get to stick they were not even in your way ideally stick. patrick dissolute will come and demand is they about got a job but that was indigenous those were indigenous institutions they were not him imported from abroad now again you know i think that the track record of democracy from is not about democracy promotion it's about nato expansion it's about. containing russia it's about. trade energy politics it's about all of these they take

. >> gorbachev did most of the work to change the soviet union, but reagan met him halfway. reagan encouraged him. reagan supported him. >> freedom of the press which we'll get to later i should mention, it madison originally called it freedom of the use of the press and it is indeed freedom to print things and publish things. it's not a freedom for now what we refer to institutionally as the press. >> lectures in history on american history tv on c-span3 every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern. lex tours in history is also available as a pod cape. find it where listen to podcasts. >> the school had its beginning in the dark days of ships with primitive africans, bootlegged to cross the atlantic long after outlawing of the trade and it was here on these islands okay piled during the early years of the war by the union forces that emancipation first reached the southern cotton lands and beginnings were made to negro stakeholders on their own small plots. a great human responsibility developed from the freeing of these simple carefree dependant people wrested from their latest lif

russia is negotiating in this period under gorbachev. he just turned 90 by the way. he's alive and kicking. there are famous pictures of him walking with reagan and george h.w. bush after, you know, signing arms control agreements, arms reduction agreements in the nuclear area we had not seen before. then in comes yeltsin russia's first popular lee elected president. we have bill clinton and yeltsin, clinton helping russia join the g8. there were some rough spots in terms of nato expansion but also tremendous improvement also in being able to negotiate automatic of those disagreements. and then even in putin's first two terms between 2000 and 2008 the first one being 2000-2004 an 2004-2008, putin is purportedly the first international leader to call george w. bush in 2000 after 911 to express his condolences on behalf of the russian people for our loss that day. putin by some accounts, was disappointed that he had thought at the time that there would be more coordination in terms of an international terrorism problem, that russia also had this, and had hoped that he