naturally, it was intended for mikhail gorbachev when he became president. union, he could already depend much less on the communist party and on its future, already dubious electoral fate, according to the updated constitution, the president of the ussr was to be elected by popular vote, but the first election of the president could, as an exception, be carried out by the congress of people's deputies. ussr gorbachev, perhaps then it was necessary to take a risk and go to direct popular elections. with all the discontent already accumulated by the soviet people, the leader of the perpetrators still had a good chance of collecting a majority of votes in total for all the republics, but he chose not to risk being elected at the congress. and thus weakened their positions for the future gorbachev's assistants held consultations with the opposition interregional deputy group, it was important for them that the opposition agreed with the election of the president at the congress would not call for this rallies and strikes, and moreover, would have voted for mikh

essential attention, so let believed gorbachev simply helps to move on .nd at the first congress of people's deputies of the ussr in may-june 1989, such an opposition was formed in the form of an inter-regional deputy group of m. d. g, but it turned out to be not moderate, but completely radical, and then completely revolutionary not due to some kind of malignity of its own, but because moderate conservative therapy could no longer help the country, the time for gracious gradualism was long ago lost in eastern europe, one after another, socialist regimes filed, and inside union on the ruins of the state planned economy , bloody interethnic conflicts multiplied in the soviet republics, demands began to be heard to secede from the ussr the signal for the formation of the mdh was given by two landmark speeches by the historian yuri afanasiev, then rector of the moscow state historian of the archival institute, enriched political history with the term aggressively obedient majority. precisely to this aggressively obedient majority, trying to blindly defend the

gorbachev called him up on the government will collapse within two weeks for the reason gorbachev did that is bush called on his own without anyone asking him to call your friend appear and tell him to get off the stick and open the port up or else. gorbachev did it. there was no famine. there is no famine. the foreign ministry or the state department call gorbachev directly to do it. and then the point is there's a lot of stuff that happened. it's not even in the book yet. >> me switch gears on both of you. i'm starting to take some questions that have been submitted to us. this comes from tom and washington university tomas a good question, did president bush have any regrets about any of his major foreign policy decisions after he left the presidency? so both of you not only served him, but continue to be friends of his. any regrets? any second thoughts on the decision? is not in the white house very much. he was upset with what was happening in afghanistan. we weren't really able to create a climate where they have institutions of government that would not be subjected to the tali

gorbachev has absolutely nothing to do with it. merit that he felt the need for change and and tried to change the system itself problem. it consists in the fact that she was worthless in herself, so how to do it in such a way as to change the situation in the country, change the system, but the system, well , save the country, no one, including gorbachev, knew that at that time and hmm they brought it to times under the country the soviet union collapsed and the russian federation was formed under the leadership of yeltsin yes , but at the same time, and it was completely destroyed in our country. uh, the system of social protection was completely stopped entire sectors of the economy, and in fact the destroyed system health care in a deplorable state was the army and millions of millions of people were below the poverty line. uh, we shouldn't forget about this, too. in 1996, they immediately headed the federal security service. no, not immediately. uh, i moved to moscow, uh, started working in the administration. uh, dealt with l

gorbachev open this gate mr. goldichoff mr. gorbachev teared down this wall i understand. fear of war and the pain of division that afflict this continent and i pledge to you my country's efforts to help overcome these burdens to be sure we in the west must be resist soviet expansion. so we must maintain defenses of unassailable strength. yet we seek peace. so we must strive to reduce arms on both sides. beginning 10 years ago the soviets challenged the western alliance with a grave new threat. hundreds of new and more deadly ss20 nuclear missiles capable of striking every capital in europe the western alliance responded by committing itself to a counter deployment. unless the soviets agreed to negotiate a better solution namely the elimination of such weapons on both sides. for many months the soviets refused to bargain in earnestness there's the alliance in turn prepared to go forward with its counter deployment there were difficult days. days of protests like those during my 1982 visit to this city. and the soviets later walked away from the table. but through it all. t

yeltzen bitterly objected to this, so did gorbachev, so did every russian leader. u.s. statesman george kennon, jack matlock, and former ambassador under reagan leading russia specialists in the government, numerous other -- henry kissinger, numerous others pointed out to washington they are making a terrible mistake. i should say that includes the current cia director william burns and former cia director stanfield turner, william curry, secretary of defense under clinton was so outraged by this, he practically resigned in protest. fifty specialists in russia wrote a warning letter to clinton saying this is extremely dangerous. you should not be doing it. you're just calling on russia to become militant and aggressive, instead of accommodating in a common european home. well, clinton went ahead. george w. bush who came later, he just tore it to shreds. 2008, he invited ukraine to join. that was actually vetoed by germany and france, but it remains on the table. everyone, all the people i quoted, high level u.s. diplomats and russia specialists and so on understood perf

was preserved from his office zyuganov watched how andropov was replaced by chernenko ochernenko gorbachevo staraya square the central committee instructor liked to walk and saw how moscow was losing its historical appearance, the streets turned into spontaneous markets, the shelves of shops were allowed, under the impression of all this zyugan, into agrees with those who believed that within the cpsu, an opposition communist party of the rsfsr is needed well, when creating the communist party of the rsfsr, you didn’t have the feeling that monolithation was being eroded from within, on the contrary. e, those who not going to create? everyone wanted to work within the framework of the cpsu, the tenth entrance of the old square. he changes to the twentieth precisely here since the ninetieth year they have been placed in the communist party of the rsfsr in which zyuganov is already a member of the politburo. you know that i am in this entrance. the last time i was in august of the ninety- first year, though the feeling is outside the building, where now the legal department of the presidentia

gorbachev is isolated at the dacha forusi me.ion is on the verge of collapse but the first mine under the foundation of the country is laid by the official kiev. on august 24, the independence of ukraine was proclaimed . uh, just six months before these events, on march 17, 1991, a referendum was held in the ussr for the preservation of the state. the nationalists responded to him. there are no such horror stories in the new union treaty. vote against imperial of the federal union agreement, despite this , the vast majority of the inhabitants of ukraine voted for the preservation of the union 80.2% odessa region, 82%, mykolaiv 85, to say nothing about the donetsk luhansk and chernihiv regions, the mood of the people is well conveyed by the letter of the inhabitants of lviv to the central committee of the cpsu i don’t want be bathed. i don’t want to endure humiliation and insults against russians being a second-class person, and i don’t want to lose my citizenship of the ussr, what is it forcing me to do? but the party elite in ki

the real economy functions, act as if the government will soon be in their hands in the hands of gorbachev'sestroika, they meet with a clear program of destabilization of countries, national social and political conflicts begin to multiply and grow like mushrooms after the rain against the background of gorbachev's glasnost and it turns out that the party apparatus, which consisted of not just dead mothers of dogmatists with rations and privileges, has already forgotten what a real struggle for it is not difficult for the chekhist authorities to create several special operations that will eventually lead to the complete collapse of this apparatus in august 1991, one may get the impression that all party members or bones have lost, but the communist party is banned and the state security committee of the soviet union is divided into several departments, the federal security service itself, the foreign intelligence service and the state security service , the nucleus or cysts remain intact, while the nucleus of the party apparatus disappears from the political scene of the soviet union and soo

a new injection, how the cpsu mikhail gorbachev was able to push this decision through the politburoin spite of the objections of the head of the kgb viktor chebrikov . institute of physics of the academy of sciences plunged headlong into perestroika politics. in 1989. he was elected a people's deputy of the ussr, and at the first deputy congress, he naturally became moral leader of the democratic opposition known as the inter-regional deputy group. at the first congress of people's deputies in may june 1989, andrei sakharov spoke eight times, painfully overcoming a wave of condemnation that drowned out the applause and even outbursts of hatred from the aggressively obedient majority. he proposed to abolish the article of the constitution, which secured the leading role for the cpsu, to transfer all power from the party to the council, to make the government return the land to the peasants under the accountable parliament. striving to prevent the disintegration of the ussr, which was already beginning at that time, sakharov personally wrote a draft of a new constitution, which, in hi

gorbachev agreed on one condition, that n.a.t.o. would not move one inch to the east beyond germany. in fact, n.a.t.o. forces wouldn't even go to east germany. that was the condition, explicit, unambiguous. you want to see the actual wording, look it up on the online national security archives, georgetown university, which has a record, authortative record of the official document. no ambiguity. well, gorbachev agreed to that. the bush-baker administration adhered to it. they adhered to it. clinton came in a couple years later. the first few years of the clinton administration he also adhered to the agreement. by 1994, with his eye on domestic politics, minority voting groups and so on, clinton began to vacillate. began to offer some hints of the east european countries in n.a.t.o. >> presumably with the vote, clinton invited several eastern european countries on the borders of russia to join n.a.t.o. well, boris yeltsin was then president. he was very close to clinton. clinton intervened to have him elected in 1996. yeltsin bitterl

mikhail gorbachev was elected in the parliament not in the general elections, but in the parliament, mikhail gorbachev was elected and they fought among themselves and fought and fought and to prove to gorbachev that he was wrong, yeltsin collapsed the election, won this election and said that now we will have an independent russia, well, everyone looked at the elder brother, we will all learn from the elder brothers and also voted that such a political crisis arose and ukraine became independent. it was really quite cheap independence, and now you see where it depends , it turned out to be not cheap and we are now paying for the independence that we received many years ago and we are paying in blood, we already have the first spectrum , a very important, hot direction, severodonetsk roman vlasenko, head of the military administration north donetsk region, mr. roman glory to ukraine , we congratulate you good day, good health, mr. roman well, we all and all our views, not only ours, but all of europe, the whole world, are now focused on the north donetsk region, as everyone knows, fi

he also began his party career before the start of gorbachev's perestroika, he managed to go from thed of the local propaganda department to the second secretary ukrainian central committee, he led the ideology of the communist party of ukraine agha was famous for the fact that he could quote from the memory of the novel the number of quotation vision to us without mistake. well, in time i dogged where it was blowing and instantly became a snap, however, from the ideal to communism in the open. he began to deny exactly before the collapse of the soviet union, when it was already a safe push. according to him , terrible facts and sports archives became, and the activities of the bolsheviks. however, he did not leave the party, he preferred to fight communism from within the system gradually, replacing communist rhetoric with nationalist rhetoric, when the elections were held the supreme soviet of the ukrainian ussr the last elections, then precisely by agreement with the rulchites. they supported his candidacy in the election of the chairman of the supreme soviet of the ukrainian ussr

if you know the history of perestroika gorbachev then changed the very essence of the soviet systemom old-style communism, he made a new presidential form of government and gave power to the supreme soviet and so on. i understand this because i was there when it all happened. i've been following all of this. i understand the essence of the last years of government. gorbachev's main idea of ​​perestroika, including in all directions. political reform economic reform multinational states. i dragged. well, i think that's what we are now so dealing with this reality, what is our country? i think our people still do not understand that they are losing their country. i understand what happened when yeltsin became the head of the country, because i have this knowledge. this is my information. i use them to form my current point of view, the people who advise the us government today do not have this knowledge. we're talking about michael mcfall. we're talking fiona hill i named them putin's exorcists are people who were focused on studying the soviet union and russia, not for the purpose of

_ capital, this was gorbachev mania at— capital, this was gorbachev mania at its height.o — mania at its height. the crowd back to see the man who, for them, — back to see the man who, for them, as_ back to see the man who, for them, as raised great hopes for an end — them, as raised great hopes for an end to— them, as raised great hopes for an end to the division of europe _ an end to the division of europe-— an end to the division of europe. an end to the division of euroe. r . ,, europe. as it happened, the queen moved _ europe. as it happened, the queen moved towards - europe. as it happened, the queen moved towards the i europe. as it happened, the i queen moved towards the start of the _ queen moved towards the start of the parade _ queen moved towards the start of the parade for— queen moved towards the start of the parade for the _ queen moved towards the start of the parade for the tripping i of the parade for the tripping of the parade for the tripping of coloun _ of the parade for the tripping of colour. the _ of the parade for the tripping of colour. the queen

do you think gorbachev is the same gorbachev well, that means, thank god he is still alive, one couldim. that's just no one and why are you doing this? well, is there still a possibility of death? yes , it’s a pity that he died, but we didn’t ask him, i i’m not pulling him to court, well, just ask in a human way, but you know the latest video that i see the surrender of the lonely mikhail sergeevich is a pity, even compassion you understand a little. here we are always in pain, he ruined the country, here is the bloody massacre that is now taking place, including in ukraine, this is a consequence of it, it is still a collapse . the fact is that it is still lasting, stretching in time. uh, the collapse of the soviet union in many countries, uh, the post-soviet space are abandoning everything soviet, they are demolishing monuments, including in latvia for example, they said that the monuments and memorials of the soviet era and, in general , some buildings even remind them of the occupation, it turns out, and now the inhabitants of this country turned to the president of latvia levits w

gorbachev to him here the word master, gorbachev those, yes, he said, yes, tear down this earth, thisl, and uh, an impression was called. how smart david and i are, but then i was told that david made another phone without a call. what a wonderful article came out of someone. yeah pay attention to it. and how could the president be interested in doing something about this, that it's very important here that nine people are very knowledgeable, but besides, if i may, a little bit of an activist, and when he gives out such ideas, you don't have to think that he was called to the white house and given instructions to him. this means that he probably has a very good sense of the moment. he thinks it's for this uh, for the approach that he proposes. eh, the time has come, but this does not mean that he had a house, therefore, about this path, but he will fully go, because e negotiating with russia is a little more difficult than to negotiate with washington journalists. and uh, from my point of view, there are two points that motivate not only david igneishis and there were articles, by the

gorbachev agreed on a condition.dition was that nato wouldn't move 1 inch to the east beyond germany. and in fact they wouldn't even go to w east germany. that was the condition. there is a record, and authoritative record of the official documents. no ambiguity. they adhered to it. clinton came inme a couple of years later. by 1994 with his eye on domestic politics and minority groups, polish voters and so on. clinton agreed and invited to several east european countries to join nato. very close to clinton and intervened to have him elected in 1996. so did every russian leader. u.s. statesman george cannon. there were numerous others, henry kissinger, and numerous others. periods of the current cio director william burns and former cia director turner. they were so outraged he practically resigned in protest and 50 specialists. you are calling on russia to be aggressive instead of culminating in a european home. it was vetoed by germany and france but remains on the table. it wouldn't send russian specialists and so

his party career began there, before the start of gorbachev's perestroika, he managed to go from theead of the local propaganda department to the second secretary of the ukrainian central committee, he led the ideology in the communist party of ukraine ugu was famous for the fact that he could quote from memory damada, the number of quotes. lenin not mistaken. well, in time he dogged where it was blowing and instantly became a snap, however, from the ideal to communism in the open. he began to deny exactly before the collapse of the soviet union, when it was already a safe push. according to him , terrible facts and sports archives became, and the activities of the bolsheviks. however, he did not leave the party, he preferred to fight communism from within the system gradually, replacing communist rhetoric with nationalist rhetoric, when the last elections were held in the supreme soviet of the ukrainian ussr, it was precisely by agreement with the rukhites. they supported his candidacy in the election of the chairman of the supreme soviet of the ukrainian ussr, it was this step that

existence in the whole country and the era of brezhnev and the andropod chernenko ended the era of gorbachevere was no gorbochev and these black andropods would continue or the former soviet union is different from having a friend's seal, in fact now they would continue to live in the same regime, destroyed by the tsar in the kremlin, and here the key question is what will be the possible transition period after putin, because there are a lot of different things, i don't know, it's very difficult to check it. but in any case there putin is dying putin is very ill there we certainly hope for that well but one should simply understand how his flight bureau will work so we understand that part of putin 's political bureau was very well tied to the west that is, they led parallel lives, one life , i don’t know, in moscow, a second life in monaco or in france , and so on. now everything is changing, and i have this feeling . what is possible, in the next year or as long as putin has left in office, they will start to nominate one or another successor. talk after chernenko, it is not important to

collapse of the union, what we are talking about now . of the whole world, together with mykola gorbachev the president of the ukrainian grain association , we will talk about whether russia should now relax sanctions by blackmailing the world with a lack of food, or whether there is an alternative to sea ports for transportation through the sea, how much grain can be transported by railway or road transport. well, in general, it transforms 20-22, let's talk about whether ukraine will be able to feed itself and the world, how much grain it plans to collect, but if the russia of the world is so, then why does it now have to suddenly change its mind in turkey and agree to this agreement? laska yes, okay, take it out, then it’s somehow from the zaporizhia region of russia, the occupiers have already begun to export grain from the zaporizhia region by trains, the russian troops, so occupied crimea, are exporting grain by trains, the city mayor announced this melitopol ivan fedorov on radio svoboda two days ago they started taking our grain by rail, so they are doing it faster and it is clear

the gorbachev era began. andropovye prochei, yes, that’s another 20 years, well, 10 years.t from the other, in fact, now they would continue to live in the same regime, destroyed by the tsar in the kremlin, and here the key question is what will be the possible transition period after putin, because well, there are a lot of different things. i don’t know how to check it. it’s very difficult. well, in any case, putin is dying. putin is very sick. of course, we hope for that. the flight bureau was very well connected to the west , that is, they led a parallel life, one life , i don't know, in moscow, a second life in monaco or in france , and so on, now everything is changing and there is such a feeling well, i personally have, for example, that the same medvedev is revived so constantly throwing in these or other things, hoping that it is possible in the next year or how long putin has left in office, they will start nominating one or another successor. frank conversation for ukrainians, you understand, uh, talk after uh, there’s a black woman, it’s not important to talk abo

existence in the whole country, and the era ended brezhnev andropogo chernenko began the era of gorbachev no gorbachev and these chernenkos would have continued andropovy other yes, then another 20 years, well 10 years yes, or the former soviet union is different from each other, in fact , now they would continue to live in the same regime destroy the tsar in the kremlin, and here the key question is what will be the possible transition period after putin, because there are so many different cadets. i don’t know how to check it. it’s very difficult. well, in any case, putin is dying there. putin is very sick. there we are of course, we hope so. well, it is necessary to understand simply how his flight bureau will work. yes, we understand that part of putin's flight bureau was very well tied to the west, that is, they led a parallel life, one life, i don't know, in moscow, a second life in monaco or in france and so on, now everything is changing and there is such a feeling well, i personally have, for example, that the same medvedev has become so animated, constantly throwing in these or

closed to me, it is very important and when for the abolition of the regime, either khrushchev or gorbachevknow the ukrainian topic starts at the top and you see that we are spending until the end of this soviet union, so you know it is a very difficult issue because here you don't have only one story to tell at the same time , i'm such an anecdote. i heard it very well. i once caught the first one in the course of studying until the age of 6. russia is divided into three periods . only were in khrushchev and brezhnei and gorbachev are very strongly connected with ukraine and the same thing that was seen in the russian empire, you know, there is little russian communication, what a power st. petersburg is , we see the same if the memories of some shakhtar there of russian orlov and he says that he is the one who complains at that time in the 70s that these dnipropetrovsk sausages are ukrainian pounds and if they are worse than mongolian food because he never asks, but the irony here is that on the one hand, ukrainians put the inscription the authorities at the top, and from the oak tree, th

communist parties of the ussr if you know mikhail gorbachev if you know the history of perestroika gorbachev essence of the soviet system from old-style communism, he made a new presidential form of government and gave power to the supreme soviet and so on. i understand this because i was there when it all happened. i've been following all of this. i understand the essence of the last years of government. gorbachev's main idea of ​​perestroika is in the key. in all directions. political reform economic reform multinational state. i dragged. well, i think that's what we are now so dealing with this reality, what is our country? yut that they are deprived of the country? there will be no country. i understand what happened when yeltsin became the head of the country, because i have this knowledge. this is my information. i use them to form my current point of view, the people who advise the us government today do not have this knowledge. we're talking about michael mcfall. we're talking fiona hill i named them putin's exorcists are people who were focused on studying the soviet union and russi

gorbachev? >> i am hopeful that will come about. we have had expressions that, yes they are willing. the ball is in their court, we have invited them. it is our turn to invite and we are ready when they are. but, it is necessary for them to know that we do not have any illusions. at the same time, we are willing to exist in the world. and... it's time that we sat down and found out, where the parameters are. >> you noted the other day that, the soviets spent 500 million dollars to prop up marxist regime and nicaragua. the house has refused to commit even 14 million dollars to help freedom fighters. why have you not been able to convince the people, that the cause of the contra's, and helping the controls is the right cause? >> i think part of it is, a sophisticated disinformation campaign. but the communist bloc has worldwide, to where they have been able to confuse a great many of our people. even the terms that we use, i wish we hadn't. i wish we had started doing something -- if we had referred not to the... as the communists. no

moreover , the trends are an upward conflict with gorbachev.

dear comrade, gorbachev everything was fine. here in 1988 , when the local government seized the hand of the foundation he was rabid and nationalism. found already and the enemy muscovites in general and the communists. in particular, ukrainian fascism may be born in ukraine. it needs to be extinguished with more germs. on august 18, 1991, in moscow, gorbachev was isolated in his dacha for the sake of me. the soviet union is on the verge of collapse, but it is the official kiev that lays the first mine under the foundation of the country . just six months before these events, on march 17, 1991, a referendum was held in the ussr for preservation of the state nationalists responded to it. there are no such horror stories in the new union treaty. vote against the imperial federal union agreement, despite this , the overwhelming majority of the inhabitants of ukraine voted for the preservation of the union 80.2% odessa region, 82%, mykolaiv 85, to say nothing about the donetsk luhansk and chernihiv regions, the mood of the people is

i think actually was gorbachev himself. we know that president george h w bush and his cabinet ultimately decided that not only would a unified germany remain part of nato, but that nato would have the freedom to potentially expand in the future. what are your thoughts on her that chapter because as i said, it's looming large right now the so called not one inch that's for sure. well the open door policy of nato which goes directly against the notion of not expanding it one inch is in fact built into the nato charter of 1949. so structurally nato has had this element of it sweden in finland are probably going to enter the alliance this summer on the basis of this of this policy the open door policy, and that's not 89 shift that's an old policy. that's that's been woven into okay woven into nato. i think that it's perfectly legitimate to talk about the historical record and to go over those discussions and see what was said and what people felt and what they thought about it. that's a legitimate historical conversation the i

gorbachev has your killer. watch the cruel romance right now.ight turned out to be a stormy student, kireev took her to the apartments with friends before the opening of the subway there was half an hour left. nikita slowly walked along the boulevard and suddenly noticed a young girl. she was sitting on a bench. a knife was sticking out of the beauty's chest. let's meet at the pampush at the pushkin monument, the most famous meeting place. in moscow , watchmen of love always meet at this monument. moscow invariably make an appointment at the monument to pushkin, many then walk along tverskoy boulevard. how many generations of soviet people kissed in the shade of these trees innumerable romantic? forensic examination was ahead, but experienced detectives immediately noted the blow was weak, the blade did not go deep. if the unfortunate woman wore a jacket, she would have managed with a slight injury. but this was not expected by anyone on the girl's neck there was a trace of a stranglehold. what happened, the criminal could not strangle the victi

fictional stories and in the book of vladimir shevchenko , the head of the protocol services, mikhail gorbachevoris yeltsin, about time and about himself, which more than lies at the highest level with the presidents of our country, the soviet union and russia . the kremlin therefore is. who to talk about? there is something to remember the festival on red square will last another 3 days immerse yourself in reading an excellent plan for the coming weekend is far from him mikhail alterkopov alexander peshkov to lead. as part of the book festival, the ninetieth anniversary of the birth of yevgeny yevtushenko , his famous phrase a poet in russia is more than poets and determined the name of the musical and political program that moscow celebrated his anniversary, the poems of the legendary poet of the sixties sounded on red square performed by the stars of the musical and dramatic scene. you are big russia and lice and in depth, if i don’t spread my arms i won’t hug you, some poetic lines, by this evening were set to music by composers lorak vint the phrase is a poet in russia more than a poet. at

think it up, it was thought up by a friend of mine , but it’s very good, so to speak, a system like gorbacheveah, that is, he will be very loved in the west, and maybe they won’t love ukraine very much, and when he comes there for many reasons, he can go to a completely different level altogether their activities a political figure of a global scale, such a figure. let's break the conditions. they don't indicate what's there. i don't know. well, let's go early. and it's important that he doesn't get bogged down in these internal problems that we see in the manifestations of them. even now, we see them. yes, because i have a task that he performs. much more than someone's desire to buy a newer mercedes, to upgrade , or to have a second or third hiv in italy, and so on, this is oleksiy, he is still very good, he is older, very shortly, in two minutes, but i want to, you can't ask, but the adviser to the head of the president, podolyak, said that the war can, in principle, end illogically quickly due to the fact that in russia there are certain showdowns within the government and there are some

this was also gorbachev. an understanding there are human security needs to fight the pandemic, to fight global inequality, to fight food shortages. of course, the existential crisis of climate change, which, by the way, and a $50 million that has been put through to ukraine, that is far more than we have been spending to tackle the climate crisis. i do think there is a way of framing our security needs that could open up minds. i think this idea talked about a restraint. he needs to be more broadly understood. i think it is much more in the american tradition then what we see from the neocons or than your liberal interventionalists that dominated inside washington. i do think biden is under terrible pressure and it is a pressure -- i said in my column that it begins in the center right and extends to the right right. so you need the pressure from these forces. they are there, but he hasn't opened up his administration or let them in or listened to them. but if you had a more open media and more open minded a