truman. eleanor roosevelt said harry, the president is dead. and president truman just didn't know what to say. and he eventually was able to look at mrs. roosevelt and say, mrs. roosevelt, is there anything that i could do for you? and mrs. roosevelt looked back at mr. truman and said no, harry, is there anything that i can do for you, for you are the one in trouble now? after he took the oath of office at 7:09 that night, one of his cabinet members took him aside and told him, mr. president, there's something that you need to know. and so over the next few weeks, he would get a crash course basically in the new atomic bomb that america was developing. >> this is a solemn but glorious hour. i wish that franklin d. roosevelt had lived to see this day. >> harry truman's birthday is on may 8. and so much of the world may 7 and may 8 celebrated victory in europe day. and as he said, what a beautiful birthday present that was but recognized only half the job was done and even though peace , was on its way to formation in europe, that the war was sti

truman library. he gave the first two medicare cards to harry and bess truman. and he signed that on that table as well. in 2000, secretary of state madeline signed the nato succession. nato was established during truman's administration, and albright wanted to recognize truman for that. so she same out here and signed this thing that added the first three new countries to nato. we've got that on display in the legacy gallery. the legacy of harry truman can be seen truman doctrine, the medicare act and this nato succession. as people exit the museum, then , they go through a space that deals with truman's funeral and where from there they access our courtyard where truman had his office for years and also the grave sites where harry and bess truman are buried. >> that's great, clay. that object that you described is wonderful. it encapsulates both aspects of his domestic and international legacy. you have it in one object people encounter at the end. >> right. >> i want to thank you for joining me in this conversation about the process of developing new exhibits

so we have that on display, the legacy of harry truman that can be seen. as people exhibit our museum, then, they go through a space that deals with truman's funeral. and he can look at where harry and bess are buried. >> that is wonderful. it encapsulated domestic and international legacy. you have it all in one object at the end. but i want to thank you for joining me in this conversation about the process of developing the exhibits. i have to say i'm really looking forward to your new permanent exhibition when it ones. so thanks again for joining me in this conversation. >>> you're watching "american history tv" on c-span 3. today we're brought to you by these television companies that provide american history tv to our viewers. >> weeknights we're featuring american history tv programs every weekend. congress passed the on passional safety and health act in 1970. tonight, on "reel america" we mark the 50th anniversary with three osha films released by the carter administration. we start with occupational safety markcap lin watch tonight beginning at 8:0

sort of legacy of harry truman and you'll see the truman doctrine, medicare act. as people exit our museum, then they actually go through a space of the truman funeral, and then from there, can access our courtyard where also the grave site where trumans are buried. >> that's great. that object that you described as wonderful and it encapsulates both the aspects that captures his legacy and international legacy. you've got it all in one object i keep people engaged. i want to thank you for joining me in this conversation about the process of developing new exhibits and i have to say, i'm really looking forward to seeing your exciting new exhibition when it opens. so thanks again for joining me in this conversation. a conversation now with the director of the fdr presidential library and the head of the town of kennedy presidential library, about relationships between roosevelt and kennedy families,

sort of legacy of harry truman and you'll see the truman doctrine, medicare act. as people exit our museum, then they actually go through a space of the truman funeral, and then from there, and acts as our courtyard where -- also the grave site where harry investor truman are buried. >> that's great. that object that you described as wonderful and it encapsulates both the aspects that captures his legacy and international legacy. you've got it all in one object i keep people engaged. i want to thank you for joining me in this conversation about the process of developing new exhibits and i have to say, i'm really looking forward to seeing your exciting new exhibition when it opens. so thanks again for joining me in this conversation. >> hello, welcome to another edition of at home with the roosevelts. i'm paul sparrow, the director of the franklin residential library is even high park, new york. and today, we're gonna talk about the relationship between two of the most important political families in american history during the 20th century. the roosevelts in the k

is harry truman. fdr is not in good health. he dies three months after this photograph is taken in april of 1945, and is succeeded by harry truman, standing to the left and the photograph. fdr departed on a 7000 mile journey to yalta in crimea, the final of the great conferences he attended with the big three, stalin, churchill, roosevelt. after that conference, fdr returns to the u.s. and appears before congress in march 1945 to deliver an address reporting on what he had done at the yalta conference. what is extraordinary about this speech to a joint session of congress is, roosevelt deliver the speech from a seated position. he did that because he was exhausted and suffering from poor health. in the course of that speech, he directly acknowledges his disability for the only time in his presidency. pres. roosevelt: [indiscernible] not having to carry 10 pounds of steel on my legs, after a 14,000 mile trip. herman: this was an extraordinary moment at the end of his life, and of his presidency. it is

oochs harry truman, however, had other ideas. in december of 1945, he appointed her to the first u.s. delegation to the inauguration of the united nations general assembly. it was a job she'd hold for six years and led to her becoming chair of the united nations human rights commission and one of the principal architects of the universal declaration of human rights. here are some of the questions from that period. the first one comes from a reader worried about the economy. on every hand you hear that our country is heading into a bad depression. do you think this is true? what should be done to avoid it. eleanor says, i do not think we need to have a bad depression. if our industrialists and economists learned their lessons in the 1930s, it cannot be prevented by greedy men. it must be prevented by men of wide and unselfish vision who see that no group can garner unto itself great resources and lead the mass of the people without their fair share. the next question has particular relevance. do you think equal pay to women who fi

did she lobby harry truman to get her post at the un? >> no. in fact when harry truman called her to get take the job, she turned down. she said, i can't do, that i'm a lawyer. i don't know anything about international law. you have to understand, this was december, 1945. nobody knew what the un was going to be. and there were a lot of people on both sides of the atlantic who predicted its failure because they removed the league of nations. so this is not what you would call a plum job. he was offering to make her ambassador. he was sending her into the jaws of the lion, because they were gonna go to this meeting in january and london, and then we're gonna try to set up what eleanor would call the machinery for the effective use of the united nations. while she was certainly interested, she followed the preparatory work, the oaks agreements and all of that stuff, she had been involved in promoting it. and if you remember, had franklin lived, he wanted her to go with them, and they were gonna go to san francisco in may of 45, for the united nati

he is succeeded by harry truman, standing to his left in the photograph. shortly after the inaugural, fdr departed on a 7000 mile journey to yalta, in crimea, which was the final of the great conferences he attended with the big three, stalin, churchill, and roosevelt. after that conference, fdr returns to the united states and he appears before congress in march of 1945 to deliver an address on what he had done at the delta conference. what's extraordinary about this speech to a joint session of congress is that roosevelt delivered the speech from a seeded position. he did that because he was exhausted and suffering from poor health. and in the course of that speech, he directly acknowledges his disability for the only time in his presidency. >> speaker, members of the congress, i hope that you will pardon me for an unusual posture of sitting down. i know you will realize it makes it a lot easier for me and not having to carry about ten pounds of steel around on the bottom of my legs, also i have just completed a 14,000-mile trip. [applause] [applause] >>

. >> i am a huge reader of the story that i try to extract the lessons of it the harry truman quote theonly thing under the sun the history is you don't know. illuminated by historical trends so the way that it must informs my mission with the promise we made about ourselves that wasn't true when we made it that all are created equal jefferson articulated that and is viewed as a founder of the democratic party that is one of the number of self-evident truths the gettysburg is a down to one proposition that all men are created equal. i view the american story is set out a goal for ourselves we are in fact people. but when we do we aggressively get closer to who we said we would be and in the inauguration the other day we are not a book and nation simply unfinished. when we orient right that's more likely to we said we would be. in the work to do as a civil-rights lawyer and elected officials. >> and the inspiring way that speaks to a lot of what americans believe across both parties. you bring up the word naÏve launching your career thinking you could work better and it was naÏve but i g

the first one is why harry truman is the vice presidential vice presidential candidate in 1944? and the second question is what is a post-war europe look like and then the third one? how is truman going to end the war? in the pacific when we think about truman as a vice presidential candidate. he would have been. the most surprised person to be on the ticket in fact going into the convention 1944 truman is a sitting senator from missouri. he's there to give a nomination speech for james burns. for the vice presidential nomination he doesn't aspire to be president. his wife doesn't aspire for him to be a president. he's perfectly happy. being a senator and that's really where he sees his career staying. the problem is by 1944. president roosevelt once a new vice president his sitting president henry wall is sitting vice president. henry wallace is too radical. for roosevelt and so their needs to be somebody else. and there are no shortage. there's no shortage of potential nominees the issue is each one of these potential nominees. detracts from the ticket and one of the first jobs

or the tamika bombing, the use of what came out of the manhattan project became on 1912, when harry trumanbecame president. that's a big mistake. franklin roosevelt's role is absolutely critical and understanding the attitudes towards atomic weapons that truman inherited when he became president. what happens after pearl harbor in the war? what is the environment in which the manhattan project develops? six months after pearl harbor, there is the great battles, the navy battles of midway and karl c. the united states defeats the japanese fleet at midway and c. that stops the advance of the japanese forces towards our country. and it begins the process of turning the war in the pacific around the difficult bloody process of island hopping one island battle after another begins. that is just six months after pearl harbor. that's june of 1942. that's the war in the pacific. it has turned around within six months. the war in europe takes longer. remember that begins september of 1939. the united states comes in right after pearl harbor, and the battle of stalling grad in the winter of 32, 43,

a few months later, by our courageous president harry truman, issued an executive order, he issued two99a mandated there should be equal access and hiring throughout the federal government. 9981 mandated all the services need to integrate. the air force carried out those, it takes time. june of 1949, it closed the segregated base. the air force led the country in that equal access and equal opportunity and providing for all. >> learn more about charles mckee's time in the tuskegee airmen sunday at 6:30 p.m. eastern here on american history tv. >> each week on reel america, we journey through the century with archival films. we will focus on the 1930's great depression era. three and we will talk with journalist greg mitchell about the first modern attack ads. the civilian conservation corps or ccc, its emergency conservation corps and the smoky mountains parks in 1936. in 50 minutes, we travel back to 1937 outdoors in the garden state shows young men employed by the ccc working to protect and maintain new jersey state parks. and, finally, in about 55 minutes, rebuilding indian country.

. >> leaving office in 1953 after two terms, harry truman returns to independence, missouri. up next, we take you to their family home, for a story of harry and bess truman's post-white house years. [footsteps] >> well, it is good to be back home, in what i call the center of the world, independence, missouri. i think it is the greatest town in the united states and i've been all over the country and i've been to europe and south america and several other places, but i still like to come back home. i will continue to feel this way as long as i live. >> harry truman formally moved into this house after hi

england through world war ii was voted out of office townspeople welcomed churchill and president harry truman with the parade and 2700 of them gathered into college gym to here churchill declare in iron curtain has descended across the continent join us live on american history tv and c-span's washington journal saturday, march 6th at 9 am eastern as we look back 75 years at one of the cold war's most iconic speeches our guest is timothy riley bolton's national churchill museum director and chief curator. visit c-span's new online store at c-spanshop.org to check out the new c-span products and with the 170th congress in session. we're taking pre-orders for the congressional directory every c-span shop purchase helps support c-span's non-profit operations shop today at c-spanshop.org. in october 1859 just 18 months before the first shots of the civil war militant abolitionists. john brown led a raid on the us arsenal at harper's ferry, virginia. hoping to arm the area's slaves and start an insurrection that same fall abraham lincoln then a prospective presidential candidate made a speaking to

when he dies harry truman reaches out to him and asks him for a meeting and sends this 71-year-old man on a fact finding mission, a global fact finding mission, post-war food and humanitarian needs. it's used by george marshall in formulating the marshall plan. and so hoover under truman i think gets rehabilitated. he's brought back into service, and, you know, in fairness the only person who had really dealt with feeding millions of people and dealing with that kind of relief effort was hoover. plus he also still had a network within the leadership of europe that remembered him from world war i, and especially in germany really the only american that they trusted after world war ii was hoover because at a time when the allies didn't want food to go into post-world war i germany, hoover fought to get it in. >> i feel it's one of roosevelt's great failings he did not brief truman on everything. not on the atomic bomb, on his strategy, not on the united nations, so truman really had to take over with very little understanding what was going on. from 1933 to 1953 hoover was the only survi

. >> so eleanor dies, and they come back up with harry truman and every major politic figure in america to pay respected at her funeral. and i think there is a true sincerity at that moment to the passage of this great woman and her acknowledgment of her role in the democratic party. i think it is an honor he felt she earned. >> i can't find words that accurate by capture this. so many people, obviously he can't have fdr support at that point. >> both of these men, jfk and fdr essentially gave their lives in duty. they created a rez sentence with the american people people both of these people will truly believe in public service. they have a duty and responsibility to serve the american people and they both did in very, very extraordinary ways. and i think john f kennedy's inaugural address remains one of the best of all time. >> i have to agree and i have to say fdr and the events of his time as president shaped the nation and shaped that generation in profound ways. president kennedy and president nixon is only three years older, and president herbert walker bush is only six years ol

imagine the determination of racicot robinson who started at west point one year before harry truman issued the order to officially desegregate the armed forces and became the first african american four-star general. imagine the bravery of the 22 african americans awarded the medal of honor for their service in the vietnam war while struggling for civil rights at home was continuing. it's all part of a long history of barrier breaking service. right now more than 40% of our active duty forces are people of color. it's long past time that the full diversity and full strength of our forces reflect it at every level of this department including our secretary of defense. this organization thrives and succeeds because of our people, so the final point i'd like to make today is to give you my personal commitment that this administration, from myself and the vice president harris to secretary austin on down, is dedicated to ensuring that every single person is treated with dignity and respect. that's why we moved so quickly to overturn the discriminatory ban on transgender service and why

. >> joe scarborough discussed harry truman's work to prepare america for the cold war.here is a portion of the talk. >> when harry truman got the word from the british that they could no longer defend greece and turkey against soviet against thedesign, he was havinl with a republican congress that had just gotten elected. democrats faced a disaster this midterm election in 1946. german's first midterm while president and republicans were back in power for the first time in 14 years. anybody that's read about fdr knows when fdr was president, washington was fdr's town. he did not care much for the dissent not either from republicans or people inside of his own oval office. so, republicans had had enough of the democratic presidents they were isolationists they finished world war ii. it was a nation that was exhausted from the four years of war obviously. and so, gary truman gets the message that he's got to engage a republican house, republican senate, and mainly the chairman of the foreign affairs committee then chamberlain had appeased hitler's design on the same regio

and when he dies, harry truman reaches out to him, and asked for a meeting. here's a 71 year old man, a fact finding mission he sent them on a global fact finding mission, the post war food and humanitarian aid. and it is used by george marshall in formulating the marshall plan. and so hoover the under truman, i think gets rehabilitated. he is drop back into service and you know, in fairness the only person that really dealt with feeding millions of people and dealing with that kind of relief effort was hoover plus, he also still had a network within the leadership of europe that remembered him from world war i and especially in germany, really the only american that was trusted after world war ii was hoover. because at a time when the allies didn't when anybody to go to post world war i, germany over five to go. and >> i feel like one of a reserve worlds greatest failings, was he did not want to, strategies not on united nations, so truman really had to take over, with very little understanding of what was going on. and of course, from 1933 to 1953, hoover w

and jfk comes back up to hide park, along with harry truman, and every major political figure in america, to pay his respects at her funeral. and i think there is a true sincerity at that moment to the passage of this great woman and his acknowledgment of her role in the creation and establishment of the democratic party and i think it is a honor that he felt that she had earned. >> i cannot find words that accurately capture her significance eleanor significance to the democratic party into the nation and to president kennedy's ascension to the presidency. she paved the way and influences so many people. obviously he can't have fdr's support at that point fdr is long gone, but eleanor is able to bridge that grasp. >> well we will end with the thought that both of these men, jfk and you know fdr, gave their lives in duty to their country and their deaths in office created you know it resonates with the american people and that has stayed with us all these years and i think that there is a something missing in today's politics in that both of these people truly believed in public service,

here is a portion of harry truman from the word no longer defend week for turkey against soviet aggressionph stalin design, he is having to deal with a republican congress that just got elected. democrats face disastrous midterm election in 1946. the first midterm while president and husband were back in power for the first time in 14 years. anybody that's red the least bit about fdr knows when fdr was president, washington fdr now. he did not care much inside his own oval office so had enough of cowtown to democratic presidents over the past 14 years and the last fdr successor pull him out of a position they held their entire existence so republicans for the most part were isolationists, especially in peace time. they also just finished world war ii. a nation that was exhausted from four years of war, obviously so here engage a republican house republican set and mainly the chairman of the foreign affairs committee, arthur from chicken who was traditionally isolationist. so truman, first worked vandenberg but also all republicans and it was a constant effort to pull the republicans in and

they welcomed him and harry truman with a parade. 2700 of them gathered in the college gym to hear churchill declare an iron curtain has descended across the continent. join us live on american history tv and c-span's washington journal, saturday, march sixth, at 9:00 a.m. eastern. we look back 75 years at one of the cold war's most iconic speeches. our guest is timothy riley, chief curator of the churchill museum. sunday on the presidency, we hear about george washington's friendship with elizabeth powell, a philadelphia hostess whose political salons attracted constitutional convention delegates. here's a preview. >> i want to start talking about a very important letter that we have in our collection. the images small. you can see this on our website if you go to our digital collection. as people know, washington was kind of hesitant to run a second term. he had been in politics for 40 years at that point, 40 plus years. he very much wanted to go back to mount vernon and retire under his own vine and his own figtree. he spoke with elizabeth about that and his cabinet, that he wanted to ste

professor watson has served on the board of the harry truman foundation, the calvin coolidge memorialndation, and the george mcgovern lebron center for public service. professor watson is also served as a visiting scholar with many organizations including the truman presidential library, gerald floyd present up museum illinois holocaust museum and u.s. military academy at west point. now let's hear from robert watson, thank you for joining us today. >> hello everyone i am robert watson. here to talk about my latest book george washington's final battle per the epic struggle to build a capitol city and a nation. so any american schoolchild knows that george washington was heroic and stoic. he was a great and courageous commander on the battlefield. and of course one of the greatest presidents who through his every action and in action, everything he said and didn't say pretty much carved up the precedents for the presidency. but we don't always noses george washington had another side to him. it could be a visionary and a dreamer. it could also be a political player if not a political

townspeople welcomed churchill, and harry truman, with the parade. several hundred gathered in the college gym to hear churchill declare an iron curtain has descended across the continent. join us live on american history tv and c-span's washington journal saturday, march 6, at 9:00 a.m. eastern as we look back 75 years at one of the cold war's most iconic speeches. our guest is the national churchill museum director and curator. >> on sunday, the author of 18 tiny deaths shows us several dollhouse-sized crime scenes used for training classes in the chief medical examiner's office in maryland. here is a preview. >> we are presently in the office of the chief medical examiner for the state of maryland, located in baltimore, a statewide agency. these are the studies of unexplained death that were made in the 1940's, between 1943 and 1948, by frances lee, the mother of forensic science. she is really the only woman to make a significant contribution to forensic science, she revolutionized everything. everything we come to know in a csi type crime scene

host: nobody has mentioned harry truman, but the has.e is the subject of their lead editorial. 88 years ago, another president defeated for reelection refused to ease the transition of his successor. herbert hoover, renowned for his work combating hunger during world war i, had been brought low in the election by a worldwide depression and lacked respect for the men who had defeated him, frank than roosevelt. 12 years later, there was a new president in office and needed help. one of the people he called was hoover. as truman remembered, hoover was flabbergasted. he said, mr. president, i do not know what to say. after greeting hoover in the oval office, truman recalls, i said, there are a lot of hungry people in the world. if there's anybody who knows about hungry people, it is you. there's plenty of food, but it is not in the right places. he was sitting there and i saw tears running down his cheeks. i knew what was the matter with him. it was the first time in 13 years anybody had paid attention to him. they write that president truma

they did that in chile as well in $73.00 and arguably acars of save and so on is assassination harry truman so there is nothing new in the world except the history you do not know almost everything that's playing out on the world stage with iran and its relationship with the west in some way has played out before even sanctions and the oil embargo the british put an embargo on iranian oil boycott iranian oil and told everybody around the world they put adverts in international newspaper saying if you buy iranian oil you buy a lawsuit because you're actually buying storen or you're buying our or so and you know we have sanctions right now so nothing is new you have to read history to find out it's all happened before fake news was invented by the cia and m i 6 i'm sure m i 6 at least definitely deny that well. he mentioned norman you know everything until recently mit united existed as an institution you mention norman darvish or walter just tell us about the end of empire this program that is kind of the crux of the film. that we discovered fairly early on that those those wonderful program

england through world war ii was voted out of office townspeople welcomed churchill and president harry truman with the parade and 2700 of them gathered in the college gym to hear churchill declare in iron curtain has descended across the continent join us live on american history tv and c-span's washington journal saturday, march 6th at 9 am eastern as we look back 75 years at one of the cold war's most iconic speeches our guest is timothy reilly bolton's national churchill museum director and chief curator. american history tv is on social media follow us at c-span history. you're watching american history tv every weekend on c-span 3 explore our nation's past american history tv on c-span 3 created by america's cable television companies and today we're brought to you by these television companies who provide american history tv to viewers as a public service. up next on american history tv we hear from a panel of scholars about how suffragists as a group outwardly adhered to traditional ideas of marriage and heterosexuality to demonstrate the suffrage movements respectability yet many priv

they stopped harry truman from the first idea. the majority have opposed overwhelmingly since it was passed it never passed to the approval rating. the idea of having this kind of modest healthcare system improvement for americans of all races to the idea of expanding medicaid which was a piece of the affordable care act that was struck down as a universal thing by the states rights and supreme court and which soon after it became optional for the states and there is a correlation between how many black people live in a state and have opposed the white people in the case are to expand medicaid and how healthcare can afford to see a doctor. these are the ways that racism drains the figurative pool and stops us all from have nice things. >> the way that you drive down healthcare costs is everyone has healthcare and therefore the sickest are the healthiest among us even out the cost of care in which case the only people winning in this broken system are yet again elite practitioners as well as the insurance companies. you have an inc

on newsreel in 1929 and in 1949 is the first time that an inauguration is televised live with harry truman. and that's the picture we have here on this slide and you can see the media reviewing stands in the crowd. i reflect the fact that this inauguration and the inaugural address was televised. lastly in 1997 bill clinton became the first president to transmit his oath of office and the inaugural address on the internet. so let's talk about great inaugural addresses in american history. and this was really a question that i had when i started to review some of the writing and some of the scholarship that's been published on inaugural addresses. i wanted to know what are the inaugural addresses that historians and journalists have viewed as the greatest inaugural addresses in american history. so what i did was consult six sources which are listed below which listed the best inaugural addresses in american history some of the sources listed the top five addresses some of them listed the top 10 addresses and i created a database and looked at all of the addresses that have been listed from

host: nobody has mentioned harry truman, but the has.e is the subject of their lead editorial. 88 years ago, another president defeated for reelection refused to ease the transition of his successor. herbert hoover, renowned for his work combating hunger during world war i, had been brought low in the election by a worldwide depression and lacked respect for the men who had defeated him, frank than roosevelt. 12 years later, there was a new president in office and needed help. one of the people he called was hoover. as truman remembered, hoover was flabbergasted. he said, mr. president, i do not know what to say. after greeting hoover in the oval office, truman recalls, i said, there are a lot of hungry people in the world. if there's anybody who knows about hungry people, it is you. there's plenty of food, but it is not in the right places. he was sitting there and i saw tears running down his cheeks. i knew what was the matter with him. it was the first time in 13 years anybody had paid attention to him. they write that president truma

of course, that didn't happen, and we had a consensus with harry truman and dwight eisenhower, john kennedyl donald trump, that the united states would be a global party. alas this was not a good day for trump's legacy, and he's down in the polls, in the 20s, getting smaller ever second. >> doug brinkley, really appreciate it. your shot doesn't look great, but your words are great, and we appreciate it. >>> still to come, president biden's reaction to today's events in the trial of his predecessor, when we return. ♪ it is love, love, love that makes it all worthwhile♪ ♪and it is love, love, love♪ ♪that can't help but make you smile.♪ ♪it is love, love, love...♪ ♪ “i want to break free”♪ send the love. order now at edible.com (vo) ready to break free? it's time to get away to a place where we can finally be free. ♪it is love, love, love...♪ ♪“i've got to break free”♪ plan your future getaway with norwegian. sail safe. feel free. these folks, they don't have time to go to the post office they have businesses to grow customers to care for lives to get home to they use stamps.com print discount

. >> leaving office in 1953 after two terms, harry truman returns to independence, missouri. next, we take you to their family home for a story

of course, that didn't happen, and we had a consensus with harry truman and dwight eisenhower, john kennedydonald trump, that the united states would be a global party. and this was not a good day for trump's legacy, and he's down in the polls, in the 20s, getting smaller ever second. >> doug brinkley, really appreciate it. your shot doesn't look great, but your words are great, and we appreciate it. >>> still to come, president biden's reaction to today's events in the trial of his predecessor, when we return. she'll say she's got goals. and since she's got goals, she might need help reaching them, and so she'll get some help from fidelity, and at fidelity, someone will help her create a plan for all her goals, which means suzie will be feeling so good about that plan, she can just enjoy right now. that's the planning effect, from fidelity. ♪ it is love, love, love that makes it all worthwhile♪ ♪and it is love, love, love♪ ♪that can't help but make you smile.♪ ♪it is love, love, love...♪ send the love. order now at edible.com ♪it is love, love, love...♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ (beeping sound) ♪ ♪ ♪ sa

manhattan project since 1943, and stalin knew -- knew about the manhattan project long before harry truman or averell harriman, et cetera, et cetera. so what about the decision to use atomic bombs against two japanese cities. the first thing i would say about it, it was neither inevitable, nor was it necessary in order to end the war in august of 1945. why do i say that? there are several reasons. one, the invasion was not scheduled to take place until november 1st, and two, as stalin said -- and he knew it because the japanese were trying to see molotov in moscow, that the japanese had been searching for a way to surrender with conditions for months. we have all sorts of traffic from our decoding of the japanese diplomatic message traffic to this effect. in 1939, the united states broke the japanese diplomatic code, not the military code, but the diplomatic code, and throughout the war we were reading all their message traffic. it was referred to as magic, and you can see all this stuff on the web, and it's -- it's fantastic what we knew about what was going on in japan that the japanese

and harry truman worried 80 years ago, 70 years ago, that we were going to have a problem if all the liberals ended up in one party and all the conservatives of another because the parties would not play a filtering process and polarization would become the norm. and i would argue that we are back to a place where polarization is the norm as we were in the 1850s. >> well, and, jon, i don't think we can overstate this actually. that what happened on january the 6th was the greatest threat to american democracy from within since the 1850s. since the start of the civil war in 1861. and you have the republican party who is now, many of its leaders are now saying let's just forget it. let's just turn the page. let's not hold those accountable -- responsible accountable. let's pretend this never happened. and i'm speaking of lindsey graham. that is such a position that a wig leaders would have taken in the 1850s that the issue of slavery would go away. is this slavery? no. this is not slavery. this is someone, a president trying to lead an insurrection against our constitutional republic.