it's an institution that is almost back to being a 5050 institution and 50% and a mix of black students, brown students, international students and they are thinking about these ideas. if we have that reoriented to that original mission to learn a new, policymakers could put us in a better place in terms of how it can be done. >> a question from the audience, to combat the underfunding of hbcus and under enrollment at the schools. >> i think so. it is the cancellation conversation is in part because when we think about those more likely to take on student debt, more student debt and default on their loan after they leave college with her that is with a degree or without that credential that gives them that boost. i think is a fundamental level, that is an ethnic conversation that would be beneficial. but you can have that kind of conversation in isolation. it needs to be had in conversations with the debt-free tuition model so luckily a lot of the college models that have been proposed on the campaign trail that have been tossed around in recent months really did focus on and include th

institutions and wonder if that institution really digs into that responsibility. [inaudible] >> sorry about that. >> maybe you can talk a little bit now about how he did this research and found out about all of these stories you know him thinking about the story of lord gain who is the plaintiff in a case that leads to the supreme court-- goes to the supreme court to get access to i think a graduate program if i remember correctly and, you know, his life is on hold for years and he can't get a job because his name is painted and then in the meantime he eventually just disappears and writes a letter to his mother saying this has ruined my life. it made me curious about how you -- how did you-- how did you find these stories and what was the research process like for you? >> yeah, so it was a mix of digging into university archives, digging through records in the library of congress as well and digging into old newspapers, i mean, archivists in the work of archivists at this moment, it made things easier and the digital dictation made things rather seamless, but for

these institutions need to be reformed. >> it will not get done this week. maybe you can give our viewers a little bit of insight. you can talk about what really drives this, the people who really drive it here. the nuts and bolts of what gets done on the ground is done by a whole bunch of other people. i am wondering how much we can look to them for a degree of efficacy and accountability. >> yes. these are the most senior full-time people that were here on a year and -- in and year out business. this is where the shareholders come together. the financial ministers of every country in the world who are represented on the board of the imf and the world bank. we are in the middle of a situation where we need to vaccinate the world. only 2.5% of people in the poorest countries are vaccinated right now. we don't have enough liquidity getting to developing countries and we need to deal with debt relief. those are the things that are supposed to be dealt with this week. we got distracted. those people make the bigger decisions and set the big agenda . you need in

livingston you representn institution. as well as the conference and great deal of power in the future ofu' nil. what's your role as an educator. how do we ensure smaller institutions that don'ty? have e same brandnd power. they don't come o out on the losing end of multiple nil laws. >> thank you for that question. i think our role as educators just inform how we help owe student athletes. we help educator our students to do nil. it's part of our responsibility to prepare them twice. we have a phrase to prepare champions for life. wewe want to be responsible as parents, spouses, employees. this is a new piece we have to dealal with. in terms of induces the uneven landscape has a more challenging impact on smaller institutions and smaller markets. you have heard ms. mcwilliams talk about this. this national standard that helps us all understand how to do this. it will take fewer resources for less resource schools to be able to be in compliance with the nationalal standard than dealing withstandard of students comingh in.

it's about the church of the institution ah unit. you recently wrote a very fascinating, informative piece on a call. what happened at the world banks doing business report and, and to just give your report credit, you know, in terms of responding to the i, m f managing director. ah, madam yoga, you said that she thanked his staff her for doing his quote bit for multilateralism . when the rankings on china were changed and i'm interested in your insights in this because your point is broader than the doing business report is i understand it. your book that, that your studies have shown that these ranking reports always lead to gaming and essentially always lead to cronyism if i'm getting it right. and my understanding your perspective on this correctly. so you asked earlier, what's wrong with drinking countries and scoring them in different ways? and so i think there's absolutely nothing wrong. and it's actually a good idea. in many ways, i should make clear and i personally have made no comment about the misconduct of anybody in the

we're one of 23 of ncaa institutions. [inaudible]. one associate member headquartered here in north carolina. the ciaa plays significant role historically and holistically in this country. they value a rich legacy of our past, leader in our communities to bridge the gap in our communities in which our resources support 90% of black and brown athletes who tend to be first generation. i appreciate this invitation to testify today about a topic that's consumed our industry at all levels. all of us are benefactors of what we see and don't see weekly on national tv and platforms. [inaudible] visibility and revenue potential from donors and responsibility source. the -- sponsors. without compromising the academic programs which are primary to the foundations particularly for hbcu's. our concerns today as a former female student athlete and professional for almost 30 years in this industry is the loss of the innocence of sports being compromised the revenue that's not the reality of majority. this is a transformative moment in college histor

who do we up pointed ahead of the institution. and perhaps more importantly, is the city board playing it for the side rule? here in let me just, yeah, please go ahead unit. if i may, i mean these are doing this, this is not the only one out there. i mean, it is, there is a free for a lot and there are many produces a different rankings in the space that you know, competitive nothing. the heritage foundation was an index right now should monitor, i mean, that's many different ones out there and so cultivating broad universe of different types of measurements i think is beneficial. well, thank you for that. we'll, we'll leave it there for now. but it sounds like we've got more work to do on the, on many of these list unit kelly professor at duke university of received our former officer at the world bank in the united nations. thank you so much for being with us today. thank you for having it. so what's the bottom line? a lot of people think this world bank scandal is bad news for globalization. why should government do the hard wo

resource disparities already exists amongst our institution. does any federal bills that attempt to legislate on financial resources outside the nil will negatively impact division two and honestly any additional financial constraints could potentially eliminate our athletic programs and our conferences. i support giving our students the best opportunity to use their talents. i wish i had the same opportunity as a student athlete. so let me be clear, most of us have no interest in mandates that hinder the opportunities that only framework that provides a level playing field to support their intercollegiate experience and to give our coaches and administrators a fair advantage to recruit, educate, and address title nine implications and to support this educational and entrepreneur experience, which is a foundation to who. i pray in the continued dialogue we don't compromise the beauty of why i chose to work in this industry. why i love to work for the ciaa. we thrive best with their rules and guidelines and in this case for college sports we nee

>> american institute is an independent nonpartisan research institution based out of massachusetts. we work in that traditional free-market and sound economic tradition economics and related fields, at the team of researchers that produce economic indicators and assessments of how the american economy is performing. libertarian convention held in rapid city, south dakota. what is the libertarian approach to improving, education?gher >> we go back to the proposal first made in 1776. there needs to be a greater connection between the payers of higher education andr the providers with the administration and the faculty be if you have the payment seeing what's presented to them you have a financial incentive of both parties to improve the educationalal system. right now what we have is higher ed is financed through a third party providers but that's the government, student loans, even something like your parents paying for student to go to college. there's really not much of a financial connection between the student and the provider either in the classroom or the university itself. wha

it would be very challenging for even an institution like baylor or institutions in the power five conferences to support as many nonrevenue sports as we do, as many women's sports as we do, if you had a model like that. and then if you think about those institutions who do not have profitable programs, even in men's basketball and football, doing some kind of reallocation would be even more devastating to those kinds of institutions. >> so if we assume covered sports will be men's basketball and football, and in und's case, probably hockey, we're benefitting athletes of those sports at the cost of other sports and student athletes. will their sports even exist at the collegiate level without those funds. what challenge would an nugz sfas if they were no longer funding revenue sports? >> we would have to make very difficult choices. you would either have to decide either fund those other sports at a much much lower level. or you might have to decide to reduce the number of sports you offered, or you would have to make a determination to reallocate resources from other aspects of your universit

and it would be very challenging for even an institution like baylor or institutions in the power five conferences, to support as many non revenue sports as we do, as many women's sports as we do if you had a model like that. and then if you think about those institutions who do not have a profitable programs, even in men's basketball and football, doing some kind of reallocation would be even more devastating to those kinds of institutions. >> yeah, so if we assume that covered sports for this provision are likely to be men's football and basketball, and in you and these case, probably men's hockey, we are benefiting athletes of those sports at the cost of other sports and student athletes. will their sports even exist at the collegiate level without those funds? dr. livingston, what challenge would an institution face if its revenue sports were no longer funding nonrevenue sports? >> well, we would have to make some very, very difficult choices. you would either have to decide to either fund those other sports at a much, much lower level, or you might have to decide to reduce the num

we pause to look at who we are among our institutions and conferences. that the ncaa did not have the same level of resources and i agree that the revenue and high financial games for the profile institutions and benefactors are concerning. those are not the reality in most of our conferences and institutions and i believe that's why we're in this position. resource disparities are among our institutions and legislate on financial resources outside of nil will negatively impact nil and limit our athletic programs and conference. i support giving our students the most of their talents. and a frame work for their intercollegiate experience and our coaches a fair advantage to recruit, educate and address title 9 to support this educational and entrepreneurial. >> i pray in the continued dialog we don't compromise to work in this industry. and for college sports we need to prohibit pay for play, and guardrails for collegiate recruiting and title 9. it's disappointing we're not in the place to legislate and govern ourselves. and i hope the concerns i share wi

it's one more institutions holding that upper. >> what is the institute for economic research? >> the institute for economic research is a nonpartisan free market economics and related fields to produce economic indicators and assessments of how the american economy is performing for. >> the freedom plus libertarian convention in rapid city south dakota. what is the libertarian approach to improving, changing higher education? >> we go back to the proposal back in 1776. there needs to be a greater connection between the payers for higher education and the providers with the administration and faculty but if you connect the payment mechanism to the product is being preserved and presented to them you have a financial incentive of both parties to improve the educational system. higher ed is financed a third-party provider by the government or student goes or something is not much of a financial connection of the university itself. what it does is it creates bad incentives each of the different stakeholders the university system are seeking a very different thing from the other. t

jesus college, of course, has become the 1st institution in the u. k. to return a, been in bronze. i want you to talk our audience through just how significant a step that was and what it means to you and your colleagues. well, i think it thank you. ma'am, it is in the world to return a bronze. it was very, very sick and the journey of the rest quarters began in 2016 when some students noticed that the clock at the bottom of the ocho was residing in the bowl of jesus in 2019 we had them and then they were set up, looked at the historical, the model and the legal framework by which the could come to the college. 1005. and then when i became austin october, 2019, it was the 1st lived on the agenda for society meeting recently the whole front of ship it from the, from the teacher, the last college to someone who's been there the longest. and it was very unanimous decision that frankly, it was, it was wrong that we had it and it was the right thing to do to get it back to its original owners. so it was very emotional. and i think that the front should i felt right around most of the co

the return 3 institutions in the u. k. and france are giving back artifacts. but some say the object should remain in european museums. so who is right? this is inside story. ah hello and welcome to the program. i'm hammer, jim, jim, european institutions like the british museum and the louvre are home to some of the world's finest art. but some of the treasures on display were stolen during colonial times. experts believe up to 90 percent of african cultural artifacts were taken from the continent. this week 3 european institutions gave back items stolen more than a century ago from nigeria and been campaigners who fought for years to return those objects. hope it's just the start. but others believe the artifact should remain in europe will bring in our guests in a moment. first, this report from how many dress in nigerian capital, a boucher, after nearly 125 years in foreign lands, this stolen bronze statue depicted the head of the king of my judas and she's been in kingdom. is finally on its way home. for more than a century, it's beauty and craft was look

you disruptive to our own democracy and institutions-— institutions.g that there may be — institutions. you are saying that there may be people _ institutions. you are saying that there may be people living - institutions. you are saying that there may be people living in i institutions. you are saying thatl there may be people living in the institutions. you are saying that - there may be people living in the uk for example that perhaps shouldn't be, but otherwise, you are the victims? ~ ., victims? when a political elite enriches itself _ victims? when a political elite enriches itself from _ victims? when a political elite enriches itself from being - victims? when a political elite enriches itself from being in i victims? when a political elite - enriches itself from being in power, it is the ordinary man and woman who are suffering, whose country is all the poorer for it.— the poorer for it. because we are not getting _ the poorer for it. because we are not getting tax — the poorer for it. because we are not getting tax receipts. - the poorer for

then the institutional piece which i think is useful. i found in my own experience from a legal perspective i do think working in different branches it is really interesting to understand the different approaches to the law. also working in the international organization was fascinating and a completely different perspective. it help me working in the legislative branch and help me to be better in the us government position to have a better understanding of the challenges those organizationse face and also for the opportunities how you workk with t them for those that you are focused on. all the things i found to be worthwhile for that professional career you are interested in. >> so that diversity aspect. so in a field that has been largely male for a long time. but if you are the only woman in the room sometimes people find that uncomfortable. that being the only woman in the room, can you tell us about any kinds of experiences or skills used to be successful? >> it is interested to hear your thoughts. there is a couple of things i fee

the stanford institute for economic research institute at stanford university.ocial media platform, 1984, the year he moved to california or 250 additional students that he teaches when he is teaching about the computer science and the political science department. forty-fourth president barack obama for which he served on the national security council chief of staff and ambassador to the united nations. san francisco giants halfway through the 2021 season did go giants. welcome, jeremy. last but not least, this conversation, she is the international policy director at the cyber policy center and the international policy fellow at stanford. ten years as a representative in the european parliament, two years at stanford including one and a half remotely. first book she is writing. 24,300 people on twitter. still used to refer to the city. so glad to have all four of you here today. we are looking forward to your conversation. over to you. >> thank you so much. a warm welcome to everybody joining. a real celebration today as well. i want to welcome jeremy and rob

defy more than 260 financial institution with a cold policy. only 25 of these policies are actually robust enough in order to prevent the expansion of the call 6 her and 40 a vote. and we, we can see the inconsistencies huge in from many financial sense, but including from the u. k. banks, which are under the spotlight because of cub 20 sequences coming. and unfortunately we can see that none of the new k bangs barclay says your plan has a 22 t. the will be coating the policy. actually they are pulled. i need 56 billions of thought are financing to companies that are listed on the global call exactly, between october 2018 and both the winning twin team. so we'd really in janesville or the private financial and each some farting with the biggest us, if managers mentioned black road they got mentioned as well. and the u. k. banks to respond to the climate. imagine and i mean do what it takes to meet the needs you page. right. thanks so much for making that point. lucy. pinson there. angel. aah! venezuela introduced a new currency. the digital bou

as well as at the center for republican integrity and the poynter institute. in her book nikki writes the journalism is what enables an active and engaged citizenry. i welcome my voices joined us today because as good and about as nikki's book is we can't win this great battle for democracy in a 21st century and less every citizen is active and engaged and every citizen is working to protect and rebuild american journalism. finally one little note which is that this is being recorded for booktv on c-span. we don't have a launch, and their date for that but hopefully we will let you know soon. now let me turn it over to matt. >> thank you very much, and thanks to everyone for joining us. i'm delighted to be here to discuss this book, "news for the rich, white, and blue: how place and power distort american journalism." with nikki. so nikki, i think it would probably be hard to be a journalist in the u.s. news industry today and not feel like your book describes our world to a certain extent. so we will test the premise of your book a little bit i think here in

they also have no institutional support. when i define authoritarianism is a very well-knownno phenomenon if you are very rule following person and you wish to compel others to follow those rules this would make you an authoritarian from the right. there's a lesser-known phenomenon there was no such thing there are noth people on the left who are not connected in any way to authoritarianism. there plenty of left wing over range from cuba, china, the soviet union. because are so many social scientists linked to the left there's a market attempt to definingan broadly enough to allow for the possibility as well. several decades of this there was a political scientist who defined it gave three basic components. one was the idea of anti- conventional is in. the idea everyone is not a moral standard is inferior and lesser. the idea is if you do not believe like many members of the left you are not fit company for anyone else. there's a second element guarantees the power to shut you up and protect everybody else but we definitely

and japan is using the ab be to cover their institutional investors. well, i guess you could say bad investments. hoshal that was worrying john got boss as ethan teach in stitch on thinks of responsibility. an attorney commit to scope for financing the development of floor plans abroad. we have also seen in the last week china, which has made a big commitment to self developing new coal plants abroad in a waiver. we are also waiting for trying not to take the same middleman had home, and to make sure that its commitment does apply to plans and projects that are already in the pipeline. for, for sure, we can see a lot of inconsistencies from the thir run companies when it comes to closing and exiting from the core 6. so in order to meet the climate play, jeez, now, what about all the talk from financial institutions about the 0 net 0 goals? is that just rhetoric? when you keep in mind that they're still providing finance to call, right. so they're providing finance to call and unfortunately we, we can see that there is a big discrepancy between the page

to help us understand what it meant for the people and institutions who built the empire, where were to put our faith in doctor catherine, associate professor of history at southern must university and author of ary brand-new book religion and the american revolution in history published by university of north carolina press 2021. welcome to the program. >> thank you, it is a pleasure to be here. >> thank you for joining us, where are you coming from this evening press. >> i am in dallas texas. >> i hope you have air conditioning wee must yes, at least for now. so far, so good. >> , thanks again for joining us. i'm excited to talk about your book, i've learned a lot and excited to learn with the audience again tonight.it as a reminder, if you want a chance to ask questions in the second half of the program, you can submit a question on youtube, facebook or twitter would love to bring you into the conversation in a bit. i thought we might start by looking up big questions because it's a big place but what does it mean to be a protestant in the british empire in the decades before the

.♪ ♪ >> i'm very lynn and ♪ ♪ executive director of over ♪ ♪ market institute and i'm ♪ ♪ one of theurnalismand ♪ ♪ liberty .♪ ♪ we lost see gao in late 19 ♪ ♪ as part of the research ♪ ♪ network to focus on ♪ ♪ identifying and ♪ ♪ establishing market ♪ ♪ structures that will ♪ ♪ ensure the full ♪ ♪ independence and ♪ ♪ robustness of american ♪ ♪ journalism in thedigital ♪ ♪ age .♪ ♪ i'm truly thrilled today ♪ ♪ to be able to introduce ♪ ♪ nikki usher who is a ♪ ♪ senior fellow at dto ♪ ♪ nikki's new book news for ♪ ♪ the rich white and blue.♪ ♪ how power displaced ♪ ♪ american journalism.♪ ♪ nikki is an associate ♪ ♪ professor at university of ♪ ♪ illinois and author of two ♪ ♪ previous books.♪ ♪ i first met nikki about ♪ ♪ five years ago at a ♪ ♪ holiday party and the ♪ ♪ offices of the foundation ♪ ♪ here in dc.♪ ♪ one of those places where ♪ ♪ people speak softly and ♪ ♪ try to avoid all ♪ ♪ references to power and ♪ ♪ class.♪ ♪ after talking to nikki ♪ ♪ five minutes i realized ♪ ♪ two things: nikki usher is ♪ ♪ a brilliant observer of ♪ ♪ today's journalism and ♪ ♪ nikki usher

the same government, even the same institution, you can be in one office, and two offices in one institution, they can be very heavily male-dominated or it is a different issue with diversity, some other majority dominated the space and yet in one office, the culture can be phenomenal and in the other it can be very challenging. recognizing that your experience is not what every other woman or person's experience is, that is important. because sometimes they will express concerns you may not have, but may be totally reasonable for them. and you need to be aware of that and make space for that in many respects, and recognize that ultimately, once you end up in management positions, it is really the women who are going to be listening to this, hopefully, from a legal perspective. you have to make space for the people coming up underneath you and create a culture end up is for that allows them to be who they need to be. and that changes over time. i am astonished and inspired by young women in the intelligence community. they are absolutely incredible. they are having different experiences than

however, this is not the way anecdotal state institutions are got run. ah good you are in the resort we are he is he again i from a to raise raid that we should remain all united to dba one hand. you might have open one heart, that's why the armed forces as the linchpin to the security my wishes and us, our country. the steps in that one in order to have that transition comm completed. and this transition will be completed until the whole weird each totally 7 government. we are committed to the after this and we are committed to all the objectives laid out. and the constitutional document, the constitutional document was not scrapped yet. back on the articles relating to participation of other critical fact since we're minor suspended regarding those who believe that we are doing that, i think this can engage with us or what you're not there. so the nice public may also for any entity going to observe good monitor, but it was our performance and to hold us accountable that her real gonna political factions are similarly free. they have the liberty hill f

for uncommon knowledge the hoover institution and fox nation and the ronald reagan institute, iam petern. >> individual who serves as vice president must be qualified to be president. second, the individual who serves as vice president of the united states, must be one who shares the views of the president on the critical issues of foreign-policy and national defense and then to play the role to keep peace. third and then at this particular time when we have the executive in the hands of one party and the congress controlled by another party, it is vital the vice president of the united states can work for approval for those that we consider for the national interest. it was this criteria when we ponder this decision last night and early this morning and that means the three criteria. and serving 25 years of a distinction. [applause] earning the respect both democrats and republicans and with those policies that have he's an honor with a strong national defense of this country that we are having these in the world. above all, he is a man with the responsibilities of the great office tha

it is there that the world could see the real incitement by israeli institutions. we reject these double standards. we reject these double standards. why should we have to clarify and justify, providing assistance to families of prisoners and martyrs, who are the victims of the occupation and its oppressive policies? we cannot, ladies and gentlemen, abandon our people, and we will continue our efforts until our prisoners are freed. i salute here the prisoners' heroic stance. if the occupation ends, there will no longer be a prisoners' issue. i cannot but wonder, as i dress all people around the world, is there anyone on this earth who would punish the dead and prevent their families from burying them, except those who are deprived of morality in and humanity? until when will this historical injustice against our country continue? do the states that provide financial and military support to israel, which it then uses this to prolong its occupation and kill palestinians, do those that turn in silence in the face of israel's policies, in the face of suffering palestin

saw the authority to that the institution had as an as authoritative to them as well.es and can do a significant amount to shore up, reinforce and make healthy democracy and on the other hand it also reinforces patterns and inequities that are disruptive to democracy so is that ambivalence to you? you feel that western mark. >> there's an answer for every academic and it's complicated. that's my way of saying it stop it. i think that the conversation and i think also open markets for not taking a sort of like basic nostalgia path about american journalism. you can't really get to the heart of what's happening in american journalism and around the public trust and economic spaces. a crisis of arguably having a lack of representation. you can't talk about that stuff when you're waxing eloquent about public service journalism. serving the community and what happens when the watchdogs are there.but you have to be real about the ways in which you do these news organizations and journalists are a part ofthe power . they're not always perfect. they perpetuated legacies of rac

. : : : >> to help us understand what it meant for the people and the institutions who built this empire tonight we will put her faith in the associate professor of history at southern methodist university and the author of this brand-new book published by the university of north carolina press 2021. welcome to the program. >> thank you. pleasure to be here. host: where you coming from this evening? >> im in dallas texas at southern methodist. host: i hope you have air-conditioning. >> at least for now sometimes they turn it off at night. so far so good. host: we are excited to talk about your book i learned a lot and i'm excited to learn with the audience tonight. just as a reminder you will have a chance to ask questions for the second half of the program you can do that by submitting a question youtube or facebook or twitter will bring you into the conversation in a bit but i thought we might start by looking at the big piece on —- picture questions what does it mean to be a protestant and the british empire before the revolution and that's a great place to start because one of the mo

also for the institution i sat in. having worked in the legislative branch and the executive branchnc and even the judicial branch i feel everyone had a different character and key focus areas and particular provision of the long-held that led to that interpretation. that makes it difficult to navigate how you advise the risk that they're taking one position versus a nether who's going to be ticked off and with the responses and so l on. we found that to be true within the executive branch. we've had a lot of opportunities to work in different institutions the state department, the white house the intelligence community so to answer your question more directly i do thinkk it's useful to try different parts of the government. there is no perfect way to approach this of the professional you are pursuing of more interest or less interest. but even just getting out of the institution you want to be let's say for your career. it's useful because you get a different perspective from a different place. you get a feel for what

and japan is using the 80 b to cover their institutional investors. well, i guess you could say bad investments for sure that the real gender, both teach institution thinks the responsibility and opportunity to meet, to financing the development of course, plans abroad. we also seen in the last week time which has made a big commitment to stop developing new plans abroad and a waiver. we are also waiting for try not the same for meet them at home. and to make sure that the commitment does apply to plans and projects that are all ratings of pump line for for sure, we can see a lot of inconsistencies from different countries when it comes to closing and exiting from the core 6. so in order to meet the climate play, jeez, now, what about all the talk from financial institutions about the 0 net 0 goals? is that just rhetoric? when you keep in mind that they're still providing finance to call, right. so they are providing finance to call and unfortunately we, we can see that there is a big discrepancy between the native pages taken by private financial. an

so there's a bunch institutions that are sitting with $250.00 game stock stock. that's not trading for $250.00. you know, you listen, this is a motion. this is also sort of a tribal behavior. i've written a few books on travel media behavior, and when you get all together, it's fun, you get the dope, i mean, go and you're like, how much put it it look how much smarter than those stupid idiots who are not making money as soon as you identify as a tribe member than men in your subject have tried to psychology on the up and the down. peter, you know some of the go ahead go ahead. yeah, i said some of the real winners were the bottom holder. there are a bunch of bottom holders now we're going to get pennies on the dollar when the company went bankrupt. and now they get paid in full. i mean that was the thing is if you remember back in amc in last summer, so about july, august of 2020. there was a lot of talk about amc going bankrupt. obviously they got funding from other folks . but the fact was that was where they were, and it's because doc raise happened now. now p