program it has not yet changed the political will of the iranian authorities otherwise probably they wouldn't be sanctions any longer if that were the case so we are somewhere in the gray zone where we know that this has some effect and that's where. the panel of experts that has been created by the security council of the united nations which i'm coordinating that's where it comes into being because what will you call it leading the united nations efforts can you say well shouldn't the first goes up that much but i know the facts are just not called and they will be either is is the iranian response to to the u.n. concerns about the iranian nuclear program today is it better is it more positive and constructive that it was before the sanctions were. difficult to say probably not. is going to tell us whether they're more responsive or they were not more responsive in the. negotiations we don't know yet whether they are more respond. it's the report of the that will tell us whether they have been able to get more answers from the from the iranians but that's not the main seeing the ma

that iranians are trying very hard to circumvent the stance sanctions are try.to invent new ways new directions new. regions through we should go or how to circumvent financial sanctions and that is a very clear and very objective and very impartial way to measure that the sanctions are reaching their objective you know their result in direct result of these actions of those maybe different that for the second time in a week renia opposition is bringing tens of thousands of people to the streets across the country in iran and people are protesting against was going on in the country may this be an indirect result of the sanctions because of the hardships the sanctions are causing to the got people are heading to st. louis d'ors surgical years yet again in devising the sanctions the international community the security council was very cautious about the fact not to hit directly that's why the iranian sanctions have been called intelligent sanctions as opposed to the all out broad sanctions that were used before by the international community so they were cautiou

at that time iranians didn't have last names. that was one of the modernizations introduced by the first shah -- the first pahlavi shah, the last shah's father, in the 1920s and '30s. he was born in the town of khomein. many mullahs take their names from the village where they were born. for example, rafsanjani, the current president, he was born in rafsanjan. there are some who keep names because they are longstanding family names or family communities. but many of them, when it came time to become a mullah, then add the name of their village to their name. lived in a simple, mud-brick home. his family was of limited means, but both his father and his grandfather had training as clerics. his grandfather, in fact, had been quite noted. he grew up at a time when education -- like education in other parts of the third world -- the primary means of education was through religious institutions. little boys went to the clerical schools to learn to read, and they learned to read the koran, just like in africa, the missionary schools we

if you ask any iranian, any student of iranian politics or society, what have been the three defining problems of the last century in iran, i would think, again, there is some consensus that the three major problems iran has faced in the last century has been the question of modernity and its fight for tradition. it's the fight of the moderns and the traditionals. very much included in this debate between the traditionists and the modernists is a question of what does it mean to be an iranian, the question of iranian identity. is iranian identity primarily islamic or a hybrid identity or primarily a pre-islamic identity and islamic identity is an unfitting diseased addition to it that came a thousand years ago and rejected by the body of politics. the question of identity is again the question incumbent in these earlier two issues, the question whether to debate between democracy and desperatism, between progress and authoritarianism, the question of whether you can have democracy and progress at the same time or whether there is something needed in the iran's current political cultur

the question of iranian identity. is iranian identity primarily islamic? or is iranian identity a hybrid identity? or is it primarily a preislamic identity and the islamic identity is an unfitting were diseased edition to it that has come 1,000 years ago and since been rejected by the body politics. third question, and it was decided from tradition and modernity, the question of identity is again the question encumbent between process and authoritarianism. the question of whether you can have democracy and progress at the same time, or whether there is something needed in the iran's current political, cultural, some would say even ethnic makeups that requires or gets in the one form of december matism after another. how do we replace the shah? the shah's authoritarianianism with a far, far more brutal, more oppressive, less confident, more corrupt islamic regime. how is it we got rid of one king to get someone who now has more power than any king ever had and also claims to speak for god? literally speak for god? recently one of his henchmen said going aga

regime and the iranian economy. we're seeing gasoline sales drop by 90% in a year. we're seeing $60 billion dollars in energy investments frozen. we're seeing scores of international energy companies and banks and insurance companies pulling away from iran. it is having a significant impact. and at the same time, we're seeing a green movement, which though was brutally crushed last year, it's still part of the fabric of iranian society. it's in every corner of iranian society. it has gone underground, but it is still robust. and it's the only thing that has rattled this regime so far. so, by combining sanctions, economic sanctions, with moral sanctions that support the human rights movement in iran, i think we've got a better than average shot. >> gary, picking up on your earlier metaphor, are sanctions against iran the "do good" kind or the "feel good" kind? >> well, they're firstly and foremost "feel good," they might "doood" but i want to um, qualify what mark has said. the way they might do good is if we deprive

many many ordinary iranians who are having to. suffer because of economic self-sufficiency nationalization joins that's added to the effect of the sanctions which have been imposed on iran because of the nuclear program there is a huge amount of discontent welling up within iran in society at the moment so you know that these these issues that will be there and which are could be contributed to the discontent after the election well you know do you want to still that they haven't gone away it's in your i mean if you take out the if we weren't if we had mentioned the word iran turn around and iranians we could be talking about greece ok we could be talking about a lot of people that are do have discontent about what economic policy is here professor marandi if i can go to you i mean no one's really said on this program it i'll ask you the question this point blank as i always do are people tired of having the islamic republic of iran and i'm stressing the islamic part because is that the case i mean because if it weren't for the re

mean it would be lying to ourselves not to accept that at least a very significant portion of the iranian public is very this content with the way that things are and the fact that they have been silenced is because of repression not just because the current establishment in power is completely solid and has mass support it does have my support but how much iran is a divided country how much mass support it has because the elections and the politics in iran are not open and competitive it is very difficult to judge but the fact of the matter is that a huge and very significant portion of the iranian population is very discontent with the way things are before i go to david professor marandi can i ask you to reply to that because what is significant mean if it if significant is the true word of discontent i mean anywhere is that discontent if it is so significant is it economic is it ideological and what is it. well when you look at the polls carried out in iran both before and after the elections you see that a very strong majority of iranian support the political establishment and before

the agricultural revolution had completely changed the fabric of the iranian countryside and the iranian cities. the best example, if you want to know what that revolution did to iran is follow the life of ahmadinejad. i have written an article in the boston review called in many biography of ahmadinejad. ahmadinejad captures what i'm talking about. his family was living in a small village. by early 60 they decided they can't survive in the village because there was a change. feudalism had ended. there was no infrastructure of support. they came to tehran. they became dwellers in these marginal new neighborhoods. and who is there to sing the song of revolution in their ears? the clergy. why is it only the clergy who are there to sing the songs of the revolution? because every other force in iran, from the left to the right was decimated by the shah. the shah believed his authoritarianism was the necessary step to progress and iran made remarkable progress in this period. iran during the early 70s was sometimes registering 20% increase in gmp. 20%. it is a remarkable change. i have seen s

one film stands out, the iranian film. i think it is definitely the front runner for the golden bear. it is a personal story about a family breakup set against the backdrop of political repression in iran. both being an excellent film and given the situation in the middle east at the moment, i think the jury will definitely choose this film. if it does not win the golden bear, i will be very much surprised. the other prizes, silver bears and so forth, it is a crapshoot really. i have no idea. >> it is a crapshoot for the silver? >> yes, i cannot really say. one silver bear i really hope goes to vanessa redgrave. she gave an astounding performance in the shakespeare adaptation. that is my hope, but one never knows. >> we will be watching out on saturday night. as always, thank you for that update from the red carpet. stay tuned for "in depth" coming up next. ♪ >> people with ideas and that halting climate change doing their bit all over the world. >> i save 40% on fuel costs. >> sunlight is free, and we should use it. >> th

government not the iranian people the iranian government and fundamentalism then we have a problem and on the other hand what are your aim here is a pretty fundamentalists a gene isn't it i mean you always want to go to iran but you don't look at where fundamentalism comes from in the region in saudi arabia is one of the epicenter of the absolutely right your abs no no no there we should invade saudi arabia you always want to invade iraq iran let's invade saudi arabia excuse me you talked about invasion not i you know we should be helping the young people we should be helping the opposition with communications equipment there are many many things that we can do but we can our president unfortunately has not talked about this our president unfortunately has supported. what he has said has been supportive of the iranian regime and not the iranian people hair on the whole world listen to me on the random white oh hell we're all citizens i'm on a rant we're out i asked you to come on this program to talk about north africa excuse me excuse me you have up the gulf you got out of saudi arabi

that means you're still an iranian citizen? >> i'm still an eye iranian citizen. i say at the end of the book that i feel that my world has become an impossible world, a sets of books, the people i love. the world has become very small. being here, i don't feel like i'm in contract with my own country or my own people. >> you say the first marriage ended in divorce. how long were you married? >> i was married for -- i'm very bad with dates. that's why i'm pausing. for about, almost three and a half years. my father at that time was in jail in iran, and i didn't want him to worry about me and my personal life, so actually as soon as he came out of jail, i got divorced. >> what was he doing in jail? >> previously, he had been the mayor of tehran, and he was a rather popular mayor, and he was also very stubborn, and so they put him in jail without a trial for four years, and then at his trial he defended himself, and he was exonerated of all the charges excepts one, which was insubordination. and i love that now. i went through a lot of pain then. >> during the years

the iranian regime is extremely cruel. it has built a structure for the simple purpose of attacking demonstrators at any kind of public place for the dissidents tried to gather. it is difficult, but it is only a matter of time. the iranian regime is illegitimate. it wants to keep people uninformed and fearful. it is not possible to keep people uninformed because of the revolution in technology and education. persian language is the most widely used language on the internet. events that have been in other parts of the world, particularly tenacious and egypt -- it tells people to overcome their fear. they act in the same way. breaking the wall of fear is the most important step in today's demonstrations. they make a significant contribution to this breakdown of fear. >> in egypt, thousands of state workers have staged strikes and demonstrations. transport workers, bank staff, and police officers gathered across the capitol to demand better pay and conditions. the military, a caretaker government appealed for an end to the la

another story developing in the middle east to iranian warships are to pass through egypt suez canal on tuesday it will be the first time iranian naval vessels have sell those waters since the country's one thousand nine hundred seventy nine islamic revolution investors had been due to enter the canal on monday but their passage has been delayed steps are heading to syria for a training mission israel and the u.s. have expressed strong concern over the moon saying it escalates already high tensions in the region are these polls leaders following developments in tel aviv. this many prime minister benjamin netanyahu says that he views with most gravity the posturing of these two iranian warships through the suez canal to the mediterranean sea he says that it's really an attempt by tel rand to take advantage of the current situation to exploited and to extend its regional influence we also heard from the israeli foreign minister avigdor lieberman and he says that this is nothing short of publication israel and iran have not had diplomatic relations for the past thirty years and israel i

actually saying, i think iranian comment, the official iranian comment, basically reflects, should be sufficient evidence that he established in iran -- realizes it is not the same cation and no islammist take scrofe. there's no islammist state. you know when they speak this language, you should completely believe the opposite. >> my name is norra. and i'm involved in start agnew political party in tunisia. i -- first of all i want to say that what is happening in egypt strikes -- we have seen everything blow by blow. it is the repeat of the identical scenario. i guess we're one step ahead, two or three weeks ahead of what is happening in egypt. my comment or question to the media is when are you going to start looking at what happens next. we're in what is happening next right now. our -- we have a very long road to democracy. we have not only change the constitution, but we have to establish a political system. we have to overhaul the media. we have all sorts of transitional justice issues around -- so all of these things are not being followed at all by the media. i'm wondering why

also highlighted today, the iranian production "the separation."it is the story of a marriage in crisis. the director faced a series of obstacles in getting the film made. our correspondent spoke to us earlier and told us more about some of those problems the director faced. >> what happened is last year in the middle of making this movie, the iranian government withdrew its license. in iran, you cannot make a film without a license from the government. the directors crime was he expressed support for the director who was supposed to be on the jury here in berlin, but who is sitting in a jail cell in tehran, sentenced to six years for criticizing the government. the director here apologized. he was allowed to finish making his film. it is an excellent movie. it has a good chance of winning the golden bear. it is going to be seen thugh the filter of iranian politics. >> let us talk about another film about the relationship in los angeles, "the future," by miranda july. how does this compare? >> it is night and day. the iranian film is touching and b

it is an iranian dissident group. i want to know whether or not you believe that the government of iraq has the obligation to provide adequate protection for these people, and whether or not they are doing it, and whether you are confident that they're providing adequate protection, that there will continue to do so after december. >> they do have obligations under international law and in is the civic written agreement with us from 2008 to both provide adequate humanitarian protection and care of these people and not to force them to go to a country where they could legitimately expect to be mistreated. the iraqis generally are providing adequate security and protection for these people. we have had a number of unfortunate incidents. we are on this. the united nations and we go up there every week. we are in constant contact with the iraqis. we talk to them about this all the time. >> how confident are you that they are going to provide protection after december? >> i absolutely think that they will continue to provi

the question is at what point, you know, do the iranians go back on the streets? are they willing to do what the egyptians did because they're likely to pay a far greater cost than the egyptians. >> brown: in singhat last phrase, you're agreeing that the iranian government shows no signs of concessions, no signs of anything and perhaps having watched egypt. >> one of the interesting things is the dynamic among the security forces. we talk about the revolutionary guards in iran as all powerful. it is clear that the regime has militarized. it is increasingly reliant on this body, very powerful body that is now integrated into the economy and to politics as well. but they are also divided in the same way the egyptian military was in that there's a generational divide. there are con scripts in iran just as there are in egypt. many of the young people have brothers and sisters and cousins and uncles who are out in the streets. for them to be used to open fire, even that's true among the young paraal military that are dispatched. that becomes, you know, you're firing at

the iranian government reaction to that was a first congratulatory. explain what was going on. >> it was indeed. the iranian government was trying to frame the egyptian uprising as kind of an islamic awakening. that was the language they were using. they were trying to depict it as similar to the 1979 revolution against the shah in which ultimately an islamic republic was created. the opposition was framing a different narrative. they were saying that this protest in egypt in 2011 was similar to the 2009 protest which followed the elections in the summer of 2009 in iran which many iranians viewed as fraudulent. >> brown: is that how you read it, robin? did in fact what happened in egypt push the opposition back into the streets? we have not seen that for over a year. >> one of the irony s is that many egyptians were quite inspired by the 2009 protests in iran. this was after all the first expression of people power. the first time we saw this tectonic shift that we're now seeing across the region where people are challenging traditional elites in iran

i'll be not one today we're talking about the iranian turmoil after a relatively peaceful change of power intonation popular unrest started spreading over the arab world the long standing the regime in egypt fell after weeks of bloodshed the regime of gadhafi is fighting violently to keep power in libya what's behind these riots and what may the changing regimes mean for the rest of the world let's ask him he needs that they're not the president of the institute that middle east. after forty years in power libyan dictator colonel gadhafi is very close to defeat the military machine if you launched against his own people has left hundreds dead yet the demonstrators are standing firm the libyan revolt is part of the unrest which rippled through north africa and the middle east in russia the leadership is worried the chaos in the arab world could become the trial ground for terrorists prime minister putin says that if islam is get more from holding the region they will easily be able to reach the caucasus in russia south. home is the circle of skin the welcome to the show thank you for being

well minister benjamin netanyahu says that he views with most gravity the passing of these two iranian warships through the suez canal to the mediterranean sea he says that it's really an attempt by terror and to take advantage of the current situation to exploited and to extend its regional influence we also heard today from the israeli foreign minister of adore lieberman and he says that this is nothing short of provocation israel and iran have not had diplomatic relations for the past thirty years and israel is concerned that iran is sending weapons to its neighbors that will ultimately be used against the jewish state is what is also concerned that back home to iran is building nuclear arsenal now iranian state television is reporting that the two ships have already passed through the suez canal that they're headed towards a syrian port now this will send and is sending alarm bells off in his role because israeli soon relations are strained as well convinced an israeli official saying as much over the past few years that iran is supplying weapons to syria that ultimately land in th

revolution they have been no iranian warships that have actually passed through the suez canal this is the first major diplomatic headache for the egyptian interim government for the ruling military council as you well know president mubarak had a close relationship with the united states. he was an ally of the u.s. and at the same time relations between him and the rand was strained for the past thirty years it is not clear exactly why they gave permission we haven't had any insight on that but what we have been told reported is that it dipshit officials have checked the cargo they are confident that there is nothing suspicious on board and as a result they have allowed there for a gate on the supply ship to go through. european launching a mission to help italy deal with a wave of immigrants from north africa or than five thousand people poured in from tunisia alone during last week and officials agree the situation is out of the role the wave of migrants comes just as europe is seeing a vicious debate over multiculturalism as the leaders of major nations admit it's not working de

in other news from the middle east two iranian warships were delayed entry into suez canal this comes after israel and the uighurs expressed strong concerns over the dispatch of first terror brandes navy earlier egyptian officials check the cargo about. to pass the class which was attacked by israeli minister he called for the world to act against iran reoccurring provocation. following developments in a television. there's many prime minister benjamin netanyahu says that he views with most gravity the posturing of these two iranian warships through the suez canal to the mediterranean sea he says that it's really an attempt to take advantage of the current situation to exploited and to extend its regional influence we also heard today from the israeli foreign minister avigdor lieberman and he says that this is nothing short of provocation israel and iran have not had diplomatic relations for the past thirty years and israel is concerned that iran is sending weapons to its neighbors that will ultimately be used against the jewish state is really soon relations are strained as well conv

downtown tehran today which are no more than a few hundred they constitute a small minority the iranians basically want their independence they want to remain independent apartheid in palestine if the americans are able to come to terms with the reality in iran the iranians are quite willing to to move towards rapprochement . when i caught up with prominent u.s. congressman ron paul to get his view on the latest events in egypt and he says that washington often tries to buy into revolutions and there's usually to protect national security but perhaps in reality where the reins. were always involved on both sides if if our puppet dictator can last we keep propping him up when we see the tide changing there i'm sure our cia is involved in the opposition they can be in earlier or later they try to pick up the pieces that doesn't mean they have total control over you know we control the iranian situation we had the shah in there for a while but eventually the next revolution we didn't have control and then we end up with the ayatollah so long term i think it hurts us on the short term we wil

revolution they have been you know iranian warships that have actually passed through the suez canal this is the first major diplomatic headache for the egyptian interim government for the ruling military council as you well know. the mubarak had a close relationship with the united states he was an ally of the u.s. and at the same time relations between him and the rand was strained for the past thirty years it is not clear exactly why they gave permission we haven't had any insight on that but what we have been told reporting is that it took in officials have checked the cargo they are confident that there is nothing suspicious on board and as a result they have allowed their free gate and the supply ship to go through. coming up later today and cross talk peter lavelle and his guests discuss why countries in the middle east spend so much on the military and how the u.s. justifies its big business in the region. saudi and the g.c.c. states to me in part are somewhat comparable to a singapore of switzerland their small populations they want people to know they have weapons should be

the iranian news agency is reporting that one person was shot dead as protestors in tehran cannot in the hundreds, possibly thousands, defying a security crackdown. the agency is blaming opposition supporters for the killing. james reynolds reports. >> demonstrators in tehran were told the rally was illegal. but these protesters did not listen. many covered their faces to avoid being identified. here, they confront a man the suspect working for the government paramilitary force. it is rare to see this kind of challenge. here, another group of protesters shouts, "death to the dictator." these are the biggest demonstrations against the government in more than a year. >> we can see hundreds of anti- riot police and security forces. they started to disperse people by force. but people started chanting slogans against the police. i could see a lot of clashes, severe clashes. police started to launch to gases and pepper gases. i myself was affected seriously. >> one man protested earlier in the day by climbing a crane in the center of tehran. these mobile phone pictures show him on the top

iranians are too smart and too afraid of u.s.military power to use this network to strike first in america. but it clearly is designed to allow tehran to respond with financier if iran is attacked by the united states or by israeli allies. now for saudi arabia and the other coast dates to what we too often forget is referred to by the sunni world as the arabian gulf. let me first say that i you saudi arabia to investigate great the peninsula tyrannies as a nationstate that is perhaps the most dangerous to the united states into the west generally. yes russia and china are threats to the united state, the day are threats washington openly knowledges, closely watches and assesses and is fully capable of defending america against. saudi arabia however is a serious threat, indeed one more teenagers in iraq toward which our governing elites in both parties turns a blind eye. early deceitfully pretends to react as close and allied that keeps its security dependent on its enemies by relying on the saudi's to play a pro-u.s. girl in the