isles, and one or two into the northern isles.eep— celsius. saturday night, will keep a — celsius. saturday night, will keep a few areas of cloud but also — keep a few areas of cloud but also some clear spells. the rain — also some clear spells. the rain becoming more widespread across— rain becoming more widespread across northern scotland with heavier— across northern scotland with heavier births around here keeping _ heavier births around here keeping the temperature up. elsewhere, the temperature will drop below freezing and they will he — drop below freezing and they will be another frost on sunday morning — will be another frost on sunday morning. in scotland, towards the north— morning. in scotland, towards the north and north—west on sunday. _ the north and north—west on sunday, outbreaks of rain. elsewhere, if you start sunny, you cloud _ elsewhere, if you start sunny, you cloud over, if you start with — you cloud over, if you start with cloud, eventually you'll see sunny spells. less cold in scotland _ see sunny spells.

the northern isles.7 celsius mark. on into saturday night, then, we'll keep a few areas of cloud but also some clear spells. the rain becoming a little bit more widespread across northern scotland with some heavier bursts around here keeping the temperature up, whereas elsewhere, if you're clear for any period of time, your temperature will drop below freezing and there will be another frost on sunday morning. still in scotland on sunday, towards the north and north—west, some outbreaks of rain. elsewhere, well, again, it's the sort of day where if you start sunny, you're likely to cloud over. if you start with cloud, you'll eventually see a few sunny spells. a little less cold in scotland and northern ireland. and then on monday, it is again scotland most likely to see a few outbreaks of rain, but the odd spot in parts of northern england and northern ireland can't be ruled out. to the south, after a frosty start, still a fair amount of cloud around, maybe a few early mist and fog patches, but significa

today on the satellite picture, we can see some thick cloud developing to the west of the british isles rain here developing over the next few hours. more general rain and cloud heading into western scotland, so wet weather into the highlands, the western isles and perhaps pushing into 0rkney as well as we head into the first part of thursday morning. so for these northwestern areas of the uk, cloudy with rain at times. now, there will be a few showers elsewhere developing through the day across england, also some spells of sunshine, but towards eastern england, we're going to have a zone of convergence. this is where the winds bash together and make a line of showers. and if you happen to live in this kind of area, that's where the greatest chance of showers are, whereas across the midlands and across the south coast, your chance of showers is much lower and there should be more in the way of sunshine. in the sunshine, temperatures widely around 13 or 14 degrees across england and wales. a bit cooler across scotland and northern ireland, ten to 12 celsius, about ten where it stays clou

today on the satellite picture, we can see some thick cloud developing to the west of the british islese next few hours. more general rain and cloud heading into western scotland, so wet weather into the highlands, the western isles and perhaps pushing into 0rkney as well as we head into the first part of thursday morning. so for these northwestern areas of the uk, cloudy with rain at times. now, there will be a few showers elsewhere developing through the day across england, also some spells of sunshine, but towards eastern england, we're going to have a zone of convergence. this is where the winds bash together and make a line of showers. and if you happen to live in this kind of area, that's where the greatest chance of showers are, whereas across the midlands and across the south coast, your chance of showers is much lower and there should be more in the way of sunshine. in the sunshine, temperatures widely around 13 or 1a degrees across england and wales. a bit cooler across scotland and northern ireland, ten to 12 celsius, about ten where it stays cloudy with rain. now, it is goin

today on the satellite picture, we can see some thick cloud developing to the west of the british islesver the next few hours. more general rain and cloud heading into western scotland, so wet weather into the highlands, the western isles and perhaps pushing into 0rkney as well as we head into the first part of thursday morning. so for these northwestern areas of the uk, cloudy with rain at times. now, there will be a few showers elsewhere developing through the day across england, also some spells of sunshine, but towards eastern england, we're going to have a zone of convergence. this is where the winds bash together and make a line of showers. and if you happen to live in this kind of area, that's where the greatest chance of showers are, whereas across the midlands and across the south coast, your chance of showers is much lower and there should be more in the way of sunshine. in the sunshine, temperatures widely around 13 or 11; degrees across england and wales. a bit cooler across scotland and northern ireland, 10 to 12 celsius, about 10 where it stays cloudy with rain. now, it is

looking at the weather front, the thinking is for our friends in the western isles and the northern islese some spots of rain. the skies were clear. i suspect the best of the sunshine tomorrow will be to the east of the pennines. newcastle, perhaps hull and down to lincolnshire. this is how chilly it is over parts of europe on saturday. the winds are blowing straight out of russia, so some major cities across the continent barely above freezing, such as warsaw. quite unsettled over the mediterranean. similar values to the uk. 13 for barcelona and madrid, which is not as high as we have recently in scotland, actually. an awful lot of wind to move the cloud about on sunday, but there will be some sunshine around, just depends where you are. quite variable across the uk. temperature is nothing spectacular. they might creep up a little over the coming days, but we are talking between ten and 13 degrees. just like yesterday, and i'm sure we will talk about the same in the coming days, it's i'm sure we will talk about the same in the coming days, its steady as she goes, little change on the wea

now we have a weather front pushing into western parts of scotland, the western isles, the northern isles seeing some showers, breezy here as well, but as you can see, elsewhere it should be mostly dry and we will see a bit of sunshine as well. it was a chilly start to the day with some mist and fog, temperatures today reaching about seven or eight celsius at best i think. let's look at this evening and we still have that weather front across parts of scotland. this will very gradually push further south and further east as well, we could potentially see some sleet or snow falling on hills. you can see the map is awash in blue, so really wherever we are, temperatures dipping close to if not below freezing. here is how tomorrow is shaping up, it will be cloudy across much of scotland. elsewhere we should see plenty of sunny spells and temperatures similar to today, turning less settled as we look towards next week. hello this is bbc news. the headlines: pressure grows on the uk government over its pay offer to health service staff in england — more unions join the backlash. speaking out fo

today on the satellite picture, we can see some thick cloud developing to the west of the british islesding into western scotland, so wet weather into the highlands, the western isles and perhaps pushing into 0rkney as well, as we head into the first part of thursday morning. so for these northwestern areas of the uk, cloudy with rain at times. now, there will be a few showers elsewhere developing through the day across england, also some spells of sunshine, but towards eastern england, we're going to have a zone of convergence. this is where the winds bash together and make a line of showers. and if you happen to live in this area, that's where the greatest chance of showers are, whereas across the midlands and across the south coast, your chance of showers is much lower and there should be more in the way of sunshine. in the sunshine, temperatures widely around 13 or 14 degrees across england and wales. a bit cooler across scotland and northern ireland, ten to 12 celsius, ten where it stays cloudy with rain. now, it is going to be turning colder. colder air that's just to the west of

northern isles.es only around that 7 celsius mark. 0n into saturday night, then, we'll keep a few areas of cloud but also some clear spells. the rain becoming a little bit more widespread across northern scotland, with some heavier bursts around here, keeping the temperature up, whereas elsewhere, if you're clear for any period of time, your temperature will drop below freezing and there will be another frost on sunday morning. still in scotland on sunday, towards the north and northwest, some outbreaks of rain. elsewhere, well, again, it's the sort of day where if you start sunny, you're likely to cloud over. if you start with cloud, you'll eventually see a few sunny spells. a little less cold in scotland and northern ireland. and then on monday, it is again scotland most likely to see a few outbreaks of rain, but the odd spot in parts of northern england and northern ireland can't be ruled out. to the south, after a frosty start, still a fair amount of cloud around, maybe a few early mist and fog p

today on the satellite picture, we can see some thick cloud developing to the west of the british islesrthern ireland, with a little rain developing over the next few hours. more general rain and cloud heading into western scotland, so wet weather into the highlands, the western isles and perhaps pushing into 0rkney as well, as we head into the first part of thursday morning. so for these northwestern areas of the uk, cloudy with rain at times. now, there will be a few showers elsewhere developing through the day across england, also some spells of sunshine, but towards eastern england, we're going to have a zone of convergence. this is where the winds bash together and make a line of showers. and if you happen to live in this area, that's where the greatest chance of showers are, whereas across the midlands and across the south coast, your chance of showers is much lower and there should be more in the way of sunshine. in the sunshine, temperatures widely around 13 or 14 degrees across england and wales. a bit cooler across scotland and northern ireland, ten to 12 celsius, ten where it

today on the satellite picture, we can see some thick cloud developing to the west of the british isles scotland, so wet weather into the highlands, the western isles and perhaps pushing into orkney as well as we head into the first part of thursday morning. so for these northwestern areas of the uk, cloudy with rain at times. now, there will be a few showers elsewhere developing through the day across england, also some spells of sunshine, but towards eastern england, we're going to have a zone of convergence. this is where the winds bash together and make a line of showers. and if you happen to live in this kind of area, that's where the greatest chance of showers are, whereas across the midlands and across the south coast, your chance of showers is much lower and there should be more in the way of sunshine. in the sunshine, temperatures widely around 13 or m degrees across england and wales. a bit cooler across scotland and northern ireland, ten to 12 celsius, about ten where it stays cloudy with rain. now, it is going to be turning colder. colder air that's just to the west of green

and the northern isles. ireland, southern scotland and the far north of england. but the cloud should thin and break up through the day, long spells of warm sunshine further south and light winds. temperatures up to 23 degrees across the southeast of england. but above 20 for england and wales, up in the high teens for scotland and northern ireland. through this evening and overnight, we see that rain persisting again across the western half of scotland, but it will start to edge its way gradually a little bit further south. temperatures first thing wednesday morning won't be quite as chilly as first thing tuesday morning, so typically between 7—9 celsius. now as we head through tuesday night into wednesday, there is the weather front, which slowly during wednesday morning will start to filter its way a little further south. so the rain's continuing across parts of scotland through the day, very slowly, some of it nudging across northern ireland. really, england and wales staying dry once again on wednesday,

the heaviest across the western isles and the northern isles. as well. a repeat performance as we cast an eye upon this evening's forecast. we still have this weather front introducing a bit more in the way of showers across mainland scotland through tonight, colder air turning to sleet or snow on hills where we could see a light covering on places. you can see the map is awash in blue so temperatures dipping close to if not below freezing pretty much wherever we are. here is how tomorrow is shaping up, it should be a mostly dry day. tomorrow is one of those days when we start to see some sunshine, especially across england and wales, but as we progress through the day, we see thicker cloud building. the north of england, southern parts of scotland, northern ireland seeing some sunshine as well, further north still talking about that weather front generating showers and rain. a bit more that further north, starting to see mild air trickle in, six or seven celsius. let's look at the pressure chart, there is the high pressure, we have a weather fr

it is an enviable price for the emerald isle.to talk more about the state of investment in ireland is a man responsible for securing it, mark shanahan, ceo of ida ireland, joining us out of dublin. first, happy st. patrick's day. i'm not sure if it is as important in ireland as it is in america, but growing up in an irish family it was key. what are you doing to make dublin so attractive to international dismisses from bank--businesses from banks to tech startups? martin: thank you, happy st. patrick's day to you, too. the number one question we are having with investors about ireland is talent, availability of talent. i think it is availability of talent and the ability to attract, develop, and retain talent, which will be what makes countries or companies successful in the future, and ireland obviously has a lot of talent. we have one of the highest participation rates in education and the oecd and we have done a good job of attracting talent here as well. but also we have a very pro enterprise policies here, very competitive,

northern isles.nly around that 7 celsius mark. on into saturday night, then, we'll keep a few areas of cloud but also some clear spells. the rain becoming a little bit more widespread across northern scotland, with some heavier bursts around here, keeping the temperature up, whereas elsewhere, if you're clear for any period of time, your temperature will drop below freezing and there will be another frost on sunday morning. still in scotland on sunday, towards the north and northwest, some outbreaks of rain. elsewhere, well, again, it's the sort of day where if you start sunny, you're likely to cloud over. if you start with cloud, you'll eventually see a few sunny spells. a little less cold in scotland and northern ireland. and then on monday, it is again scotland most likely to see a few outbreaks of rain, but the odd spot in parts of northern england and northern ireland can't be ruled out. to the south, after a frosty start, still a fair amount of cloud around, maybe a few early mist and fog patch

and the northern isles.of northern ireland, southern scotland and the far north of england. but the cloud should thin and break up through the day, long spells of warm sunshine further south and light winds. temperatures up to 23 degrees across the southeast of england. but above 20 for england and wales, up in the high teens for scotland and northern ireland. through this evening and overnight, we see that rain persisting again across the western half of scotland, but it will start to edge its way gradually a little bit further south. temperatures first thing wednesday morning won't be quite as chilly as first thing tuesday morning, so typically between 7—9 celsius. now as we head through tuesday night into wednesday, there is the weather front, which slowly during wednesday morning will start to filter its way a little further south. so the rain's continuing across parts of scotland through the day, very slowly, some of it nudging across northern ireland. really, england and wales staying dry once again on

to due process also the isle of man without significant issues that's the bit for me that remains to be seen and i don't see there being a clear pathway for the british government to do that. president joe biden and his vice president come out a harris have visited atlanta where a gunman opened fire at a number of mass our partners killing 8 people 6 of the victims were asian women biden and harris denounce the atrocities and while the vice president also gave a view on what's been causing the rising levels of hate against america's asian population for the last year we've had people in positions of incredible power scapegoating scapegoating asian americans people with the biggest puppets spreading this kind of hate. while biden and harris only hinted at who they think is to blame the mainstream media has been openly pointing the finger at the trump administration donald trump didn't pull the trigger in atlanta but donald trump certainly was responsible for the anger in the fear in the suspicion that exists in in great degree in this country much more so than ever in the past. and it

the northern isles. and temperatures only around that 7 celsius mark.lear for any period of time, your temperature will drop below freezing and there will be another frost on sunday morning. still in scotland on sunday, towards the north and north—west, some outbreaks of rain. elsewhere, well, again, it�*s the sort of day where if you start sunny, you�*re likely to cloud over. if you start with cloud, you�*ll eventually see a few sunny spells. a little less cold in scotland and northern ireland. and then on monday, it is again scotland most likely to see a few outbreaks of rain, but the odd spot in parts of northern england and northern ireland can�*t be ruled out. to the south, after a frosty start, still a fair amount of cloud around, maybe a few early mist and fog patches, but significant weather changes on the way into midweek. goodbye, high pressure. hello, low pressure. and that does mean a change to, yes, slightly milder weather coming our way, but some potentially disruptive wet and windy weather once more. of world war ii. this is bbc news, the

and the northern isles too.d the far north of england. but the could should thin and break up through the day, long spells of warm sunshine further south and light winds too. temperatures up to around 23 degrees across the southeast of england. but above 20 for england and wales, up in the high teens for scotland and for northern ireland. through this evening and overnight, we are going to see that rain persisting again across the western half of scotland, but it will start to edge its way gradually a little bit further south. temperatures first thing wednesday morning won't be quite as chilly as first thing tuesday morning, so typically between 7—9 celsius. now as we head through tuesday night into wednesday, there is the weather front, which slowly during wednesday morning will start to filter its way a little bit further south. so the rain's continuing across parts of scotland through the day, very slowly, some of it nudging across northern ireland. really england and wales staying dry once again on wednesday

government plan to process asylum seekers in overseas territories or sparked anger gibraltar in the isle of man are believed to be 2 options to which migrants could go before potentially being sent back to their original countries local authorities say that they want nothing to do with the scheme or the forest johnson has defended the idea . the objective here is to is to save life and avert human misery because people are crossing the channel who are being who are being combed by gangsters into paying huge sums of money risking their lives people have died beaking this trying to make this crossing and it is a deeply repugnant traffic that we need to stop well that idea was 1st suggested by pretty brutal the home secretary amid the escalating migrant crisis though at the time it was branded a sick joke however that idea has now resurfaced from the prime minister barak johnson well critics have long said that this kind of policy will only make the journey all the more risky and that the government should really be prioritizing legal alternatives and safe passages for migrants to enter the

will buy it off quickly but we're getting up to around 9 or 10 celsius there off across the british isles $48.00 in paris to see bad joseph some showers just rolling across spain and portugal over the next couple of days but want to see showers to across the eastern side of the med it's right into the must see a few showers and is that wintry mix continuing that across that eastern side of a year of course know that africa is fine and dry but we have got some shabbas pushing across the far north off in iraq a. frank assessment the world is on a brink. that model fabian is that a fair assessment you catastrophic hialeah to twice a valuable back seat informed opinions should we be buying bitcoin ultimately it will be sovereigns and governments who are buying that is the direction this is all headed in-depth analysis of the day's global headlines the inside story on which is iraq. group. playing. with al-jazeera these are the top stories prosecutors in me and ma have filed a new charge against opposed leader and son suchi police have been firing tear gas and stun grenades at and t 2 proteste

and the northern isles.of england. but the cloud should thin and break up through the day, long spells of warm sunshine further south and light winds. temperatures up to 23 degrees across the southeast of england. but above 20 for england and wales, up in the high teens for scotland and northern ireland. through this evening and overnight, we see that rain persisting again across the western half of scotland, but it will start to edge its way gradually a little bit further south. temperatures first thing wednesday morning won't be quite as chilly as first thing tuesday morning, so typically between 7—9 celsius. now as we head through tuesday night into wednesday, there is the weather front, which slowly during wednesday morning will start to filter its way a little further south. so the rain's continuing across parts of scotland through the day, very slowly, some of it nudging across northern ireland. really, england and wales staying dry once again on wednesday, and with those clear, blue skies, it will be

to due process also the isle of man without significant issues that's the bit for me that remains to be seen and i don't see there being a clear call for the british government to do that. that mark has proposed legislation to reduce the number of quote non-western residents in neighborhoods to a maximum of 30 percent within a decade out of denmark's population of just under 6000000 people around half a 1000000 are non western migrants or the descendants of immigrants that's around 9 percent of the population there's been a mixed reaction to the plans as daniel hawking's explains. multiculturalism means different things to different people and has been described by bullet oceans as both a strength and a force for good and a failed experiment bringing more problems and solutions the danish government has its own view and vision of the future where many non-western immigrants settle in certain residential areas it increases the risk of create in parallel religious and cultural societies therefore the government will now work to create a mixed house in areas and ensure that in 10 years

the northern isles. few areas of cloud but also some clear spells. the rain becoming a little bit more widespread across northern scotland with some heavier bursts around here keeping the temperature up, whereas elsewhere, if you're clear for any period of time, your temperature will drop below freezing and there will be another frost on sunday morning. still in scotland on sunday, towards the north and north—west, some outbreaks of rain. elsewhere, well, again, it's the sort of day where if you start sunny, you're likely to cloud over. if you start with cloud, you'll eventually see a few sunny spells. a little less cold in scotland and northern ireland. and then on monday, it is again scotland most likely to see a few outbreaks of rain, but the odd spot in parts of northern england and northern ireland can't be ruled out. to the south, after a frosty start, still a fair amount of cloud around, maybe a few early mist and fog patches, but significant weather changes on the way into midweek. goodbye, high

rather wild weather all post pushing up across the northwestern corner pushing across the british isles as we go on through the next 24 hours where to stay that's like a really wet day across much of the british isles a cloud of rain will sweep through gale force winds potential for damaging winds and some heavy rain at times what's the weather will make its way in scandinavia really tiny snows it hits the cold air also over the top temperature one degree celsius not as cold as moscow mind you temperatures hit a high than minus 10 in the heat of the day cold even for moscow this time if you will some wintry weather then just around the balkans pushing across. into remain yes still a few showers live the showers there rumbling away across greece but clear skies come back in behind this we go on into worth fighting trifles western side of the med stormy alive which was the eastern side of the med and further northeast looking very unsettled as well while snow coming into scandinavia into the baltic states and then heavy rains through much of germany france and northern spain. once city to

and the northern isles too.s of northern ireland, southern scotland and the far north of england. but the could should thin and break up through the day, long spells of warm sunshine further south and light winds too. temperatures up to around 23 degrees across the southeast of england. but above 20 for england and wales, up in the high teens for scotland and for northern ireland. through this evening and overnight, we are going to see that rain persisting again across the western half of scotland, but it will start to edge its way gradually a little bit further south. temperatures first thing wednesday morning won't be quite as chilly as first thing tuesday morning, so typically between 7—9 celsius. now as we head through tuesday night into wednesday, there is the weather front, which slowly during wednesday morning will start to filter its way a little bit further south. so the rain's continuing across parts of scotland through the day, very slowly, some of it nudging across northern ireland. really, england a

and the northern isles.d, southern scotland and the far north of england. but the cloud should thin and break up through the day, long spells of warm sunshine further south and light winds. temperatures up to 23 degrees across the southeast of england. but above 20 for england and wales, up in the high teens for scotland and northern ireland. through this evening and overnight, we see that rain persisting again across the western half of scotland, but it will start to edge its way gradually a little bit further south. temperatures first thing wednesday morning won't be quite as chilly as first thing tuesday morning, so typically between 7—9 celsius. now as we head through tuesday night into wednesday, there is the weather front, which slowly during wednesday morning will start to filter its way a little further south. so the rain's continuing across parts of scotland through the day, very slowly, some of it nudging across northern ireland. really, england and wales staying dry once again on wednesday, and wi

up as you travel from the scilly isles up to the islands to the north of scotland.al travel, though, presumably that is a big part of the business? you must be really anxious to see that some of that survives this summer? what are the options, given what we have heard, is it only the question of quarantine that is the option available? forsome families, quarantine that is the option available? for some families, that would mean they can't go abroad because they can't be away from work? , ., , , ., work? obviously, we have heard about vaccine passports. _ work? obviously, we have heard about vaccine passports. the _ work? obviously, we have heard about vaccine passports. the lateral - work? obviously, we have heard about vaccine passports. the lateral flow- vaccine passports. the lateral flow test... a number of ways people could travel. the travel savvy british public are still booking now, because the cost continues to rise. march 1st, 31% of the bookings we have taken have been for 2021. people are still booking holidays because they know what is going to happen w

to due process are all to the isle of man without significant issues that's the bit for me that remains to be seen and i don't see there being a clear pathway for the british government to do that while it's over let's compare it to another example because the u.k. plan is similar somewhat to what australia has done sending asylum seekers to the pacific islands would you say that scheme has been a success so far no in short no i mean this is this is one of the real problems with. asylum and refugee flows is is is really is beyond the states control right the u.k. cannot stop conflicts in syria the u.k. cannot stop conflicts in afghanistan the u.k. cannot stop conflicts in a whole host of fear it can't stop human rights abuses in eritrea these of these are the states that send the most asylum claims to the u.k. so there's really very little governments can do your strategy and plan did not make australia much much less of an attractive asylum destination because we have to bear in mind that you know things like putting people in the army barracks as a deterrent to migrate really is not i

europe at the moment says stormy weather rolling in from the atlantic sweeping across the british isles bringing some very strong winds gal's all severe goals pushing in across the northwest and some pretty wet weather and that's that whether runs into cooler rabbit got a therapist snow to just maybe across scandinavia into that eastern side if europe significant snowfall coming through here temp to moscow of mana 6 celsius that is actually improvements warming up in moscow snow makes its way through somewhat cooler over towards the west and rights is just coming out of germany down across a good parts of france we've seen a fair bit of right and some snow with the house is easing over towards the balkans and as we go on in sou'west saturday that will drive this way further a switch against some snow just coming in across rumania snow clearing away through moscow warming up to freezing by this stage and notice that wet and windy weather still piling across denmark southern parts of sweden a little dry there for the british isles but the shot was still there nevertheless raffling in on a

today on the satellite picture, we can see some thick cloud developing to the west of the british isleswe're going to have a zone of convergence. this is where the winds bash together and make a line of showers. and if you happen to live in this kind of area, that's where the greatest chance of showers are, whereas across the midlands and across the south coast, your chance of showers is much lower and there should be more in the way of sunshine. in the sunshine, temperatures widely around 13 or 1a degrees across england and wales. a bit cooler across scotland and northern ireland, ten to 12 celsius, about ten where it stays cloudy with rain. now, it is going to be turning colder. colder air that's just to the west of greenland at the moment has our name on it, and it's going to be arriving across the british isles as we head into friday behind this stripe of rain, which is our cold front. so, this band of rain, squally winds on it, will push its way eastwards across england. then, sunshine and showers follow. cold enough for a little bit of snow across some of the higher mountains acro

forward to join up three tunnels heading out from england and scotland at a roundabout beneath the isleand assembly. prime minister borisjohnson announced the union connectivity review in june 2020. with no communication before with any of the devolved administrations, even though i had previously raised my concerns with grant shapps, the secretary of state for transport. she said she'd made her views clear to sir peter hendy who's chairing the union connectivity review. members will be aware that i met with sir peter in december 2022 discuss the union connectivity review in detail and i outline my concerns and affirmed my opposition to any extravagant vanity projects. i heard nothing further on the matter until media reports in february that agreement on a tunnel between scotland and northern ireland was to be approved. my officials have been a touch with the department for transport to have been assured that this is not the case, and that news articles had greatly overstated the situation, i have made my position extremely clear. i am the ministerfor infrastructure and devolution mand