the question from what i tried to do with how did john kennedy. of 1961 become the john kennedyf in 1963. as they searched and try to figure that out, where did he get his empathy? where did he get his moral guidance? how did he find his confidence? martin luther king was always popping up in my research is a martin luther king really was one of the key figures if not the key figure in helping john kennedy along the path toto becoming basically our first civil rights president. i'm sure jack can talk a little bit also about how bobby kennedy also is a very big figure in john kennedy's evolution as w well. >> harry truman might have something to say about it to be first in the civil rights presidents. you have a wonderful bid in the beginning but john kennedy going to jackie robinson. it is interesting the black vote before martin luther king seemed to be jackie robinson said in harry belafonte. it's an interesting part for jackie robinson in your mind is that richard nixon had a much better reputation for civil rights than john kennedy did as a dem

they had the momentum has been suggested by john kennedy. it's always offstage in these narratives driven by bobby kennedy and john kennedy and martin luther king and lyndon johnson in the wings and from the narrative point of view i'm wondering how we can write the biographies that don't. the biography always puts the individual ahead of the story. that is its nature. how do you keep one eye altogether on the actors. >> i enjoy how the buck had a lot of the people that are not kennedy and jfk into the buck. you have to understand that they are affecting the political actors and therefore, the interpretation has to come through how they push this person to sort of be the constant in that case. everything james farmer did affected, not everything affected what jfk was going to do, but when he did step into the story, that was big. so, i don't know. i think that you have to look at the bigger picture and encompass it in this person because they are vehicles for the story. john f. kennedy, you can hear his voice. robert kennedy, martin luther ki

she and john kennedy, then senator john kennedy met in this alcove.de -- this the meeting happened because john kennedy was running for the presidency of the united states in august of 1960. he wanted eleanor roosevelt support. she had been a factor of at least evens, the democratic convention had nominated john kennedy. she really wasn't especially fond of john kennedy. she felt he was a little bit too young to president, and she was worried about his commitment to civil rights legislation. support, hed her felt, in order to win what he knew would be a very close election. she was very powerful woman in the democratic party at a time when women didn't have a lot of power in politics, but eleanor roosevelt did. shewas well respected and knew that without her support, he might not win that election. , wantingiterally here to get her support, asking for support. they had a very intense meeting here together. thatanted him to promise he would support civil rights legislation if he became president. that was a car was very close to her heart. she made him promise that, and when he finally agre

welcome, my name is steve, executive director of john f kennedy library foundation and on behalf of all the colleagues in the library, we are thrilled you can be here. all of our forums are great but tonight is really a treat because the speakers who are here, it's also the beginning of the john f kennedy centennial weekend and we planned this months ago and we literally thought who would be the best pair above speaker and moderator we could get for this historic time and this is what we've gotten so we are thrill that had they are both here. [applause] >> before i introduce them, a few brief announcements. first i want to thank underwriters and responsors, the lead sponsor, bank of america, bill and andrea low that with here tonight and media responsor for centennial bbc t we are kicking off cep -- centennial and there's information and over the next few days opportunity of seeing new exhibit with 100 items including 40 that have never been seen, on saturday in this room we will be doing a peace corps day and on sunday we have astronaut as part of tribute to nasa and monday we are havi

how do you think john kennedy is faring?> i also think rowley at a point where we can start to pass judgment. truman said he have to wait 50 years for the dust to settle and it has not been 50 years. it's not just to it before him, but who has followed him. and how does he compare to them and what are the consequences of the decisions he made her didn't make. these are much more important decisions the president didn't make that were important as decisions that did. the decision he may not to go into vietnam word the decision that john adams made not to go to war with france which the country was trying to do which would've been catastrophic have we done so. this is a big part of it. the problem with kennedy would be that it's cut off too soon. we rarely take the president seriously as the others. who is only served one term. here's a president that didn't serve one term. but look at what the footprints in marquee left on our sense of who we are. >> one of the interesting parts to me is somebody who is read the volumes that

many of them wrote history including john kennedy. and even those who do not have the benefit of a college education like harry truman, he read history all their lives. and realize that it is essential to the role of a leader, whether it is the presidency or leadership of any kind. cause and effect. history matters. tv.org forgo to book the complete weekend schedule. ♪ journal live everyday with the news and policy issues that impact you. coming up sunday morning, newt gingrich talks about his new book "understanding trump." and humane society president and ceo wayne discusses his book "the humane economy." also financial times columnist on his book "the retreat of western liberalism." be sure to watch c-span's "watch it to journal" -- "washington journal" live at 7:00 a.m. on sunday and join the discussion. timrrow on "newsmakers," walz will look at overhaul of the veterans affairs department and the accountability at which the house passed earlier this week. he serves as regular member on the veterans affairs committee. a reporterg

so when the election came and we won, barely, as you know, john kennedy came down to the lbj ranch and i'm sure that lbj set him up for this, but john kennedy was leaving and he turned on the porch of the lbj ranch saw me leaning in the corner, came over and said, "i hear you're not coming with us." i said, "no, i'm going to teach at a baptist school "and i'll get my phd." and he said, "don't you know harvard was founded "by a baptist preacher?" he said, "we need you in washington," so i went. and just a few months into working in the vice president's office, boring job, he was bored out of his mind, it was a non-job at that time, and i had written a speech for lbj, he said, "i don't have a speech, i'm going to speak "at this university give me a speech." so i sat down on my little portable typewriter and wrote a speech proposing a youth corps, where did i get the idea? from hubert humphrey in minnesota he had been advocating a youth corps a peace corps, kennedy of course picked it up but so did we. and after the election i realized as kennedy announced that he was going to start the p

just like in john kennedy's murder john kennedy's. he. shot where was involved with the water and he was the guy that called the burglars and water right so that's what's so interesting about the story was that software actually people always question he was he was actually working extra hours putting over time and it was like saturday night when. all the people that were involved with software in the car think there are two others all had other engagements but they were blowing off to hang out to be within less than half a mile of the watergate even though that wasn't their jurisdiction so the fastening character the houston plan is very real but the thing about it was it was always denied by nixon meanwhile the n.s.a. actually seems to this is all kinds of extra surveillance wiretapping burglaries i mean it's like really fast so we you know we'll talk further that when they. come back to. you so fascinating interview with you when we usually only see certain people and. moments like this. one of those coggs and the wheels. as we go to b

undertaken by john f. kennedyde stevenson threw it to the convention to choose his running mate. and soon, this young, inexperienced senator, nearly captured it at the convention. and he burst on to the scene and took advantage of it. >> people talk about joe kennedy, tom. and i guess depending on what your experience was with him at the time, you would have one opinion or another. string puller, back room dealmaker, something you heard. but entering in the book, within the campaign, his reputation was different. >> very different. the money, yes, that's a given. but we found in our deep dive into all this stuff, that his advice, his orders, his brow-beating of his sons, was almost never paid attention to. he had a concept of this game the old way. back rooms, big deals with bosses and whatever. kennedy was the first guy to run for president in a way that let the voters in. and that put him at -- his father fielded the turf. but to say he was a significant influence on that campaign would be a grotesque -- >> that

it doesn't save john kennedy. government doesn't save martin luther king jr.. government doesn't save robert kennedy, senator robert kennedy. in the 70s government can't win the vietnam war, can't stop hyperinflation, can't stop high interest rates, government can't stop gas lines. it seems carter runs in 76, was an outsider and was not wedded to the idea of big government. he will clean up washington, go after the corruption, cut taxes. he is more of a populist almost conservative who sees that people are frustrated in the 70s, don't believe government is working for them anymore but carter attacks from somewhat the left but not really. reagan is on the right which is why they emerge as the most interesting candidate in 1976. reagan loses the nomination to gerald ford by 69 delegates, 2269 cast in kansas city. for a lot of reasons. the mississippi delegation. the ohio delegation, the new york delegation, reagan is convinced ford is not stolen the nomination but not won legitimately and we are down to the weeds but this wets reagan's appetite to run again even t

many of them wrote history including john kennedy. and even though those who didn't have the benefit of a college education like harry truman read history all their lives and realized it is essential to the role of a leader.

striking to me about the relationship between john kennedy and the father is that the kennedy guys,porate kind of campaign in terms of how they organize it, and the old man had a hard time dealing with that. >> let me say this, i like me and thought there's nothing new to learn about john f. kennedy, curtis and thomas changed your mind on that in this book. congratulations guys. >>> up next, is it time to ditch your doctor? some helpful advice about moving on and getting better healthcare. >>> welcome back to "today". are you overly attached to your doctor? a lot of people find it difficult to separate from their physicians that they've been seeing for a listening, long time. when it comes to that all-important relationship, it's important to know it can run its course. we have a guest to help us figure out when it's time for a good old fashioned breakup. hi. >> good morning. >> sometimes and we'll get into the reasons as to why, but sometimes you feel like something just isn't right and you think it's okay to break up. should you have and say, hey, look it's not me ps you or it's n

john kennedy pointed to space as one example of a new frontier. and i saw the movie "hidden figures" about rugged individuals who worked hard to make it work. in the end, although they thought they had the new idea. we think social media presents new ideas for young people and the world of work is an idea. >> cleary, individualism is a minority position so what do you think of different parts of american history, what percentage of the american population prefer rugged individualism to being taken care of? in general, what would you think the percentage of people that engaged it it in it were? >> i would say when you survey people, poorer people are more in favor of this. they don't want to close off the opportunity they would benefit from that system. there is evidence that people like the freedom of opportunity, if you will, that you have in the system like the system of rugged individualism. what we are experiencing in our society, is once you have given people more than a safety net, but a guarantee of something like health care then their opi

world, 40s, 50s and 60s but by the 60s government is starting to fail, the government doesn't save john kennedy, president kenny. government doesn't save martin luther king jr. government met doesn't send robert kennedy. then in the 70s government can't remove the vietnam war or stop hyperinflation or stop high interest rates, government can't stop gas lines. it seems that -- carter runs in 76 as basically an outsider and was not okay with the idea ofhe heg government. he's a reformer and would clean up washington. he though after the corruption and will cut taxes. he's really much more of aa populist, almost a conservative who sees that people are frustrated in the 70s. we don't believe government is working for them anymore but reagan sees this and carter attacks it from somewhat of the left but not really. reagan is on the right which is why they emerged as the two most interesting candidates of 1976.6 reagan could come to the convention, lose the nominationt for gerald ford and by delegate votes of 269 in kansas city. for a lot of reasons the mississippi delegation, the ohio delegation, the

it has to be dealt with by trust them.o not i never trusted russia since john kennedy was assassinated. i don't want to get into that, but the fellow that just spoke before me was terrific. host: thank you for the call, mark. thank you to all of our colors. more on the russia investigation as we hear on "washington journal" tomorrow morning as we vskyhans von spako on the james comey testimony. then we will have michael to matzke and gerald fierstein from the italy used institute -- middle east institute. also, as i mentioned, the james comey testimony before the senate intelligence committee, the entire hearing that took place on thursday, we will 10:35 on sunday at eastern time. and jeff sessions will be appearing on capitol hill this week for hearings related to his budget for the justice department, but we can probably expect some questions about the russia investigation. appropriations subcommittee hearing is live tuesday morning at 10:00 eastern time. and the house appropriations subcommittee is live tuesday at 2:00 p.m. eastern time. you can watch live on c-span.org or listen to

many of them wrote history including john kennedy and even those who do not have the benefit of a college education like harry truman read history all their lives. they realized it is essential to the role of a leader, whether it is the presidency or leadership of any kind. cause and effect. history matters. announcer: good to go to the.org for the complete weekend schedule. booktv.org for the complete weekend schedule. announcer: mayor mitch landrieu gave a speech about race at the center for american progress. this is just over an hour.

. >>> rare and fascinating photos of john f. kennedy on display to mark the 100th anniversary of his birth. we'll be right back. this is "cbs this morning: saturday." >> this is cbs-3 "eyewitness news." >>> good morning, everyone, i'm jan carabeo. we are tracking severe weather this morning. so we want to get you right over to meteorologist, matt peterson for the latest, matt. >> tracking severe wet they are morning, had multiple tornado warnings, already to start out our saturday, now we have severe thunderstorm warning for the coastline, going until 8:15. this is for atlantic, burlington, cape may, ocean counties, again, until 8:15 this morning, the strong line every thunderstorms, that produced those two tornado warnings, is now moving across the pinelands, toward the coastline, and it will be potentially having some strong gusty winds, heavy downpours, and of course, the thunder and lightning, just taking a look, you see toms river in there, the stafford area, mistic island, headed further south, atlantic city back down toward cape

through the years that have been avid readers of history, many of them wrote history, including john kennedy, even those who didn't have the benefit of a college education, like harry, read history all their lives. -- like harry truman, read history all their lives. they realized it was essential to a leader, whether the presidency or any leadership. history matters. >> go to book tv.org for the complete schedule. this week president trump held a cabinet meeting at the white house. he started talking that the length of time it took for his cabinet members to be approved by the senate. then each member spoke briefly. this is 25 minutes. president trump: good morning. we have much great news to share with the american people as we continue to deliver on our promises do to a delay in the confirmation process by the calle democrats, which i the obstructionists, maybe they will change, but i doubt it. they are truly obstructionists. this is the first cabinet meeting with the entire cabinet present. this has been record-setting long i mean record-setting with some of the finest people in our count

john kennedy pointed to pace as one -- to space as one example of a new frontier. i saw recently the movie aheaden figures "about rugged individuals who worked hard to make all of that work, and in the end although they thought they had the new idea that was going to take care of everything well, they had to call for the rugged individual to do this by hand to make sure it played out. and as i mentioned, we think social media presented some new frontiers for ongoing people, and the any world of work is a kind of new frontier. so, i think the notion that individualism is encouraged and nurtured by new frontiers is absolutely right budget don't all have to be the myth of the west. >> i also like your idea seat at the table. another question for you about rugged individualism. clearly individualism is always a minority position because you're taking -- what you think a different parts of american history -- what percentage of the american population referred rugged individualism to be taken care of? as a society and a democracy and a majority democracy, one would -- w

many of them wrote history, including john kennedy. and even those who didn't have the benefit of a college education like harry truman, read history all their lives. and realize that it's essential to the role of a leader. whether it's the presidency or leadership of any kind. it's about cause and effect. history matters. >> go to booktv.org for the complete weekend schedule. >> "washington journal" continues. host: and we are now joined by philip wegmann, he's the commentary writer of "the washington examiner." and he're

they asked john kennedy had he a hero, he said it is easy, thank my boat. -- that gave us an idea thate may be better change manufacturers, so we were in a hurry. were in anhoes office in japan over the course of the weekend. david: if you have better shoes, can you run faster, or it does not make that much difference? phil: i think shoes are key. we still believe it makes a difference. a mile and ato run pair of dress shoes, you will not run as fast as you do in four ounce cleats. in the old days, we had a lot of canvas upper training shoes. you go out for a six mile run and you come back in your feet were bloody, so it matters. david: the dominant companies -- adidase dissent, and puma. phil: they didn't worry too much about us until it was too late. we kind of snuck up on them. david: and basketball come you have someone named michael jordan, who you've heard of, right? phil: when we started making shoes, we made them really dramatic. we ran a big ad that said band in the nba, and every kid wanted to shoot them. [laughter] david: when you wear his shoes, do jump higher. i wouldn't j

. >>> rare and fascinating photos of john f. kennedy on display to mark the 100th anniversary of his birth. we'll be right back. this is "cbs this morning: saturday." ♪ >>> welcome back to ""cbs this morning" saturday. >> coming up later in the show, one tall order served up in l.a. we're going to take you to the opening of the tallest building west of the mississippi and shou show you how it's prepared for california's dangerous,s. >>> and portraits of a president. we'll visit rare and compelling photos of john f. kennedy to mark the 100th anniversary of his birth. that's ahead. >>> but we dwin thbegin this ha hour with another celebrity in trouble over johnny depp make light of the assassination of president trump. >> mareia, about morning. >> good morning. depp's comments come as a u.s. congressman remain hospitalized more than a week after being shot. >> it's just a question. i'm not insinuating anything. by the way b b, this is going to be in the press. it will be hoeshlg. horrible. >> actor johnny depp knew he would be in a firest

presidents down the years who have been avid readers of history, many of them wrote history including john kennedy even though-- those who didn't have the benefit of a college education like harry truman read history of their lives and realized that it's essential to the role of a leader, whether it's the presidency or leadership about any kind, not cause and effect. history matters. >> go to book tv.org for the complete we can schedule. >> on tuesday members returned to the british house of commons for the first day of the new parliament since the june 8, general election. during the session speech or-- the speaker was reelected as speaker and following the vote

many of them wrote history, including john kennedy. even those who did not have the benefit of a college education like harry truman read history all their lives. essential toit is the role of the leader, whether it is the presidency or leadership of any kind. not cause and effect. history matters. >> "washington journal" continues. . host: welcome back. it is time for our weekly spotlight on magazines. this week, we are talking about a piece in "popular mechanics" written by joe pappalardo about the air force's new weapon, disposable drones. thanks for being with us. people have a better sense of the traditional drones. what are disposable drones, apart from what they sound might? guest: sure. one of the interesting things happening now in military technology is drones are getting smaller and more capable and , soiles are getting smarter the evolution of these two systems are merging together so it is harder to tell one from the other. a missile that gets fired from an airplane that has certain capabilities can fly, loiter over a targ

if you look back to the early 1960's, john f. kennedy was arguing that we need to lower taxes to spur economic growth in the country then. i think john f. kennedy's argument is more relevant today even then it was when he was making it 50 years ago. host: let me ask you about what we heard from the president, in terms of trying to get something like this done. he's also pushing for health the house health care bill was done arrival and he doesn't think the senate will pass any health care bill this year. bill press was your short while ago saying the donald trump made the same mistake as bill clinton and barack obama, by focusing first on health care. honestly,st -- guest: didn't think they focus quickly enough on health care. the only reasonable right as speaker of the house now is because john boehner became speaker of the house in 2011 after the republicans won the 2010 election propelled by the tea party with the number one issue being reversal of obamacare. you have people like michele bachmann and house representative's were saying

many of them wrote history, including john kennedy. and even those who didn't have the benefit of a college education like harry truman, read history all their lives. and realize that it's essential to the role of a leader. whether it's the presidency or leadership of any kind. it's about cause and effect. history matters. >> go to booktv.org for the complete weekend schedule. >> "washington journal" continues. host: and we are now joined by philip wegmann, he's the commentary writer of "the washington examiner." and he's here to talk about why he believes that members of congress should be able to legally carry firearms. philip, thank you so much for joining us today. guest: thank you for having me this morning. host: so tell us why you think it's a good idea for members of congress to be armed in the district as they go into the capitol? guest: right. well, this is an issue of safety and accessibility when it comes down to it fundamentally. we need to make certain lawmakers have the best security possible while also making certain th

of history, many of them wrote history, including john kennedy. even those who didn't have the benefit of a college education like harry truman read history all their lives. and realized that it is essential to the role of a leader, whether it is the presidency or leadership of any kind, not cause and effect. history matters. xcode to book tv.org for the complete we can schedule. defeatednate narrowly 53 to 47 legislation that would've brought arms sale to saudi arabia agreed to by president trump in may. image was introduced paul rand -- by rand paul. >> pursuant to the arms export control act of 1976, i moved to discharge the foreign relations committee from further consideration of sj resolution 42 relating to the disapproval of the proposed foreign military sales of the government of saudi tim arabia. sales to the government of saudi arabia. the presiding officer: under the previous order, time until 12:3y divided between the proponents and the opponents of the motion to discharge. mr. paul: mr. president, today is an extraordinary day. today

history, including john kennedy. even those who didn't have the benefit of a college education, like harry truman, read history all their lives. they realized that is essential to the role of a leader, whether it's the presidency or leadership of any kind. it's a cause and effect. history matters. >> go to tv .org for the complete weekend schedule. >> c-span, where history unfold daily. in 1979 c-span was created as a public service by america's cable television companies. it is brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider. senator iran paul was one of the main sponsors of revolution to block arms sales to saudi arabia. he and other senators debatedor that measure on the senate floor and this is just under an hour. >> pursuant to the arms export control act of 1976, i moved to discharge the foreign relations committee from further consideration of sj resolution 42 relating to the disapproval of the proposed foreign military sales of the government of saudm arabia.onents o the time is 12:30 p.m. and it wil

presidents down the years who have been avid readers of history, many of them wrote history including john kennedy and even though-- those who didn't have the benefit of a college education like harry truman read history of their lives and realized that it's essential to the role of a leader, whether it's the presidency or leadership about any kind, not cause and effect. history matters. >> go to book tv.org for the complete we can schedule. >> on tuesday members returned to the british house of commons for the first day of the new parliament since the june 8, general election. during the session speech or-- the speaker was reelected as speaker and following the vote prime minister may and labor leader jeremy korman spoke welcoming new elected members to the house of commons. this is 40 minutes. >> order, order. under the standing order number one a i am required to ascertain whether john virgo is willing to be chosen as speaker. i call mr. john virgo. >> thank you. what a pleasure it is to welcome you back to this place. as you added the accolade to the many achievements of your long and distingu

who have been avid readers of history.many of them wrote history including john kennedy. and even though we did not have the benefit of a college education like harry truman, they read history all of their lives. and realize that it is essential to the role of a leader. whether it is the presidency or leadership of any kind. cause and effect. history matters. >> go to booktv.org for the complete weekend schedule. >> former german chancellor helmut kohl has died at the age of 87. he served as chancellor from 1982 to 1998. when east and west germany were reunited and a single country. in 1999, president clinton alerted chesler the us presidential medal of freedom. here is that ceremony, it is one half hour.♪ ♪ [music]

make a mistake, the path you have chosen is hard but as president john f. kennedyaid not far from right here back in 1962, we know you choose to do these things not because they are easy but rather because, in his words, because they are hard. that challenge one you are willing to accept and are unwilling to postpone. challenge, as president kennedy said, is one in which we intend to win. what we say these astronauts and all that are gathered here, we will win. under the leadership spent trump, the united states well i sure in a new era of space exploration that will benefit every facet of our national life. americantrengthen the people, strengthen me economy as we unlock new opportunities and resources of prosperity. it will strengthen education and inspire a rising generation of americans to study science, engineering, and matt. more than anything else as the president believes with deep conviction, it will strengthen the american spirit as once again we reach out our hands to touch the heavens and raise our heads to gaze with wonder at the stars. and the heroes

make no mistake about it as president john f. kennedy said not far from here back in 1962, we know you choose to do these things not because they are easy but rather in his words, because they are hard because that challenge is one you're willing to accept unwilling to postpone and that is a challenge as president kennedy said, one which we intend to win. let me say to these astronauts and all that are gathered here, we will win. under the leadership of president donald trump the united states will usher in a new era of space exploration that will benefit every facet of our national life. it will will strengthen our economy as we unlock new opportunities and new sources of prosperity. it will strengthen education and inspiring a rising generation of americans to study science, technology, engineering and math and more than anything else as the president believes in deep conviction it will strengthen the american spirit as once again we reach out our hands and gaze with wonder at the stars and the heroes that have the courage to explore t

but as president john f. kennedy said not far from right here, back in 1962, we know you choose to do these things not just because they're easy but rather in his words because they are hard. because that challenge is one that you're willing to accept. unwilling to postpone. that's a challenge president kennedy said. one we intend to win. and let the say to these astronauts, we will win. under the leadership of president donald trump, the united states will usher in a new era of space exploration that will benefit every facet of our national life. it will strengthen our national security and the safety of the american people. it will strengthen our economy as we unlock new opportunities and new sources of prosperity. it will strengthen education in inspiring a rising generation of americans to study science, technology, engineering, and math. and more than anything else as the president believes with deep conviction, will strengthen the american spirit. as once again we reach out our hands to touch the heavens and ra

down the years who have been avid readers of a history, many of them wrote history, including john kennedyen those that did not have the benefit of a college education, like harry truman, read history all their lives. and realized that it is essential to the role of a leader, whether it is the presidency or leadership of any kind, it is about cause and effect. history matters. >> go to but tv.org for the complete weekend schedule -- go to book tv.org for the complete weekend schedule. a look at the ideology behind violent extremism and what the u.s. can do to counter it. we hear testimony from the former counter is a that counterterrorism director who calls for more funding of ideological warfare programs that focus on building -- >> good morning. this hearing is called to order. i want to thank the witnesses for your testimony and for taking the time, for your courage. the mission of this committee is pretty straightforward.

[applause] and, and of the city's john f. kennedy school.ause] congratulations on a job well done. this is a celebration for all of berlin. those of you in the east watching on television but unable to attend in person, you are here with us in spirit. the traditional banners of berlin's 20 districts east and west around the hallway remind me of the kinship that exists among all people of this city. it's existence and character, berlin remains the most compelling argument for an open world. we are reminded of the many traditions of openness and democracy that have marked the history of this city. [loud bang] pres. reagan: missed me. [laughter] [applause] has areagan: america special relationship with berlin beyond economic ties. like america, berlin is a place of great energy. we see our own hopes and ideals mirro beyond economic ties. red in the energy of berliners. by the nearlyized 14,000 american soldiers, airmen and families that live and work in close cooperation with berliners, to ensure the defense of our common goals. [applause] pres