the document was discovered by a professor at boston university, joshua shifrinson. before.t was kept secret. it was drawn up as a result of a meeting of representatives of the foreign political departments of the usa great britain france germany on march 6, 1991. we made it clear to the soviet union at the two plus four talks, as well as at other negotiations, that we did not intend to benefit from the withdrawal of soviet troops from eastern europe nato should not expand to the east. not formally, not informally. these are the words of us representative raymond seitz. from the same document. in the same place, the german representative said that the alliance would not expand beyond the oder river in connection with which they could no longer offer nato membership. the promise did not last long. in 1994 , brussels initiated entry in washington. nevnata almost everything in the soviet bloc, if the cold war ended, not with the victory of one of the parties, but with the fact that both sides laid down weapons, and they extended the hand of friendship to each other, then all th

joshua shifrinson is a professor of international relations at maryland university. asked him what finland brings to the table. joshua: right. they do two things for the alliance. number one, finland and sweden were long-standing neutrals in europe. there was always a latent possibility of them joining the alliance if russian behavior became truly abhorrent. and of course since the russian invasion of ukraine, it has done so. so this further indicates to russia that its strategic plan has backfired, it is now really isolated itself. number two, nato expansion took the alliance further and further eastward including into the baltic states. one of the questions the alliance faced for many years is how do you defend the baltic states. this is still very hard to do issue but by virtue of having finland and sweden at the alliance, it becomes somewhat easier to possibly find ways of defending the baltics. brent: finland shares a border with russia that is more than 1300 kilometers long. do we know how the sense of security in finland has changed now that is a member of nato

joshua shifrinson and daniel fried. thank you for being here today.e going to come back to our original question, which is, how do you define the american dream? you can start calling in now. (202) 748-8000 for democrats. (202) 748-8001 for republicans. independents, (202) 748-8002. ♪ ♪ >> weekends review book tv featuring leading authors discussing their latest nonfiction books. fox news host judge jeanine puro shares her book, crimes against america, where she contends is inviting and democrats are destroying the country. on after words, business journalist david daniel delray looks at walmart and its impact on the world economies. he is interviewed by eugene kim. watch book tv every weekend on c-span two to find a full schedule on your program guide or watch online anytime at book tv.org. ♪ ♪ >> nonfiction book lovers, c-span has a number of podcasts for you. listen to best-selling, nonfiction authors and influential interviewers on the after words podcast. on q and a, hear conversations with nonfiction authors and others who are making things happ

unacceptability of such a step the document was discovered by a professor at boston university, joshua shifrinsonit was kept top secret. it was drawn up following a meeting of representatives of the foreign policy departments of the united states of america great britain france of the federal republic of germany in bon on march 6, 1991. we made it clear to the soviet union at the two plus four talks, as well as at other negotiations, that we did not intend to benefit from the withdrawal of soviet troops from eastern europe nato should not expand to the east. not formally, not informally. these are the words of us representative raymond seitz. from the same document. in the same place, the german representative said that the alliance would not expand beyond the oder river in connection with which they could no longer offer nato membership. the promise did not last long. in 1994 , brussels initiated entry in washington. nevnata almost everything in the soviet bloc, if the cold war ended with the non-victory of one of the parties, and the fact that both sides, uh, folded weapons, and they extended t

joshua shifrinson and daniel fried. thank you for being here today.e going to come back to our original question, which is, how do you define the american dream? you can start calling in now. (202) 748-8000 for democrats. (202) 748-8001 for republicans. independents, (202) 748-8002. ♪ ♪ >> weekends review book tv featuring leading authors discussing their latest nonfiction books. fox news host judge jeanine puro shares her book, crimes against america, where she contends is inviting and democrats are destroying the country. on after words, business journalist david daniel delray looks at walmart and its impact on the world economies. he is interviewed by eugene kim. watch book tv every weekend on c-span two to find a full schedule on your program guide or watch online anytime at book tv.org. ♪ ♪ >> nonfiction book lovers, c-span has a number of podcasts for you. listen to best-selling, nonfiction authors and influential interviewers on the after words podcast. on q and a, hear conversations with nonfiction authors and others who are making things happ

the document was discovered by boston university professor joshua shifrinson. before.t was kept secret. it was drawn up as a result of a meeting of representatives of the foreign policy departments of the united states of america great britain france germany in more than 6 martha. 1991. we made it clear to whom the alliance in the two plus four talks, and also in other negotiations, that we did not intend to benefit from the withdrawal of soviet troops from eastern europe. nato should not expand to the east. informally or informally. these are the words of the us representative raymond seitz, from the same document, in the same document, the german representative said that the alliance would not expand beyond the oder river in connection with which they could no longer offer nato membership, the promise did not last long already. washingtons. brussels initiated the entry into nato of almost everything in the soviet bloc, if the cold war ended, not the victory of one of the parties, but by the fact that both sides, uh, laid down their arms, a and stretched out to each o

. > ♪ >> coming up on "washington journal", the university of maryland's joshua shifrinson and the atlanticncils daniel freed discuss the security options nato might consider to support ukraine. from the group no labels, benjamin chavers talks about the possibility of his organization building a unity ticket if there is a rematch between president biden and former president trump. "washington journal" starts now. ♪ host: good morning. it is sunday, july 9. our question for you today, how do you define the american dream?

the document was discovered by boston university professor joshua shifrinson. before.ng of representatives of the foreign policy departments of the united states great britain france germany on march 6. 1991. we made it clear to the soviet union during the negotiations. 2 + 4 and also in other negotiations that we do not intend to benefit from the withdrawal of soviet troops from eastern europe nato should not expand to the east. informally or informally. these are the words of us representative raymond seitz. from the same document, in the same place, the german representative stated that the alliance would not expand beyond the oder river in connection with which they could no longer offer nato membership. the promise did not last long in 1994 in washington. brussels initiated the entry into nato of almost everything in the soviet bloc , if the cold war ended, not with the victory of one of the parties, but with the fact that both sides, uh, laid down their arms, a and held out to each other, then all institutions of the cold war should be canceled automatically, and

we are joined this morning by university of maryland associate professor, joshua shifrinson and the atlantic council's daniel fried. we are going to be discussing president joe biden's upcoming trip to the annual nato summit which will be held in vilnius, lithuania, and also the security options nato might consider to support ukraine, and deter future russian aggression. good morning to you both. guest: good morning. guest: morning. host: so i will start with you josh. tell us a bit about this nato summit. broadly, what are the items on the agenda? guest: so broadly speaking, this is a nato summit that is occurring in the wake of a secondy year the russia-ukraine war and the second year of russian aggression against ukraine. and so the key question facing the alliance today really has to do with the future of russian aggression. number one, the question is how do you support ukraine in the face of russian aggression? and number two, given that nato has been pivoting to focus on the hard defense tasks that have really mastered during the cold war and then let linger a little bit after the col