initially getting well with the leader nikita khrushchev but wondering what they were up to so these are spy planes they flew a tremendously high altitudes beyond the soviet technology to shoot them down and tell they improve technology and then he authorized several of the flights before the international conference from 1960 which he thought would be the capstone of the presidency and be with khrushchev germany and france and the uk. but he launched a spy mission and then they shot that down. and with that prestige of the americans we were the warmongers president eisenhower authorized lied to say it was a whether mission. and then the feeling from his advisers is that they could not survive and attack in second the pilot would not survive to be shot down and the pilot also had a poison needle to inject himself. then they also captured the pilot and khrushchev showed the debris in well-publicized demonstrations and exhibits in moscow and said not only are they the warmongers flying over our country but eisenhower is a liar because he prided himself to become an honest politician so

khrushchev wound down the size of the soviet military after 1953. khrushchev criticized stalin. khrushchev was not a particular warmonger. he wanted soviet expansion. he developed soviet influence in egypt, which is why, of course, in the end eisenhower admitted that he had been wrong to try and topple nasser. but he developed soviet influence in egypt, tried to bridge beyond containment. but khrushchev himself didn't want war. and it's very interesting. the cuban missile crisis reflected khrushchev's knowledge that he had been outmatched in his long-range missiles by the americans, and his wish to try in his eyes compensate for that by installing intermediate-range missiles from a position of weakness in cuba. that was to be his deterrent. so, khrushchev was in a sense a lucky opponent for eisenhower to have, because ultimately, he did not wish to risk war himself. both men had experienced, either directly or indirectly -- khrushchev had been, of course, a civil servant, but nevertheless in the war industry sector of the soviet union under stalin -- both men had experienced wor

he went to a summit in vienna in june with khrushchev, and khrushchev eight his lunch. and john kennedy said he thinks i'm stupid and weak because of what happened at the bay of pigs. then certainly, you can make a connection to khrushchev making his connection to putting up the berlin wall. although in some way, the berlin defused -- that's a different story. >> but it triggered the wall being built. >> it did. >> and the bay of pigs. and the same thing happened in asia. >> that's true. and kennedy certainly was very aware of that when he went to the summit with khrushchev. look, the repercussions in the bay of pigs just kept going. all through -- it really didn't end for kennedy until the cuban missile crisis. a lot of things, vietnam war, in many ways, started on april 20th, the day after.b the bay o pigs. john kennedy needing a victory against the communists ordered a task force to figure out a way to stop communism in south vietnam. shortly after that sent 400 men into vietnam. really the first step into the morass of vietnam began in beaches of cuba. this gentlema

here is president kennedy with khrushchev. chris jeff is still in office and president kennedy was elected in 1960, takes office in 61 and shortly or a few weeks after he takes office we have the bay of pigs invasion where america forces supported cuban exiles trying to retake cuba from fidel castro and it was an utter failure. a lot of people in the exile community that we did not give them air support or do what we would want to do but kennedy adopted the plans that the eisenhower administration had come up with for the invasion but it did not work so it was a tremendous setback and goes ahead and meet with khrushchev and the accommodation with bay of pigs and this meeting in vienna and chris jeff concludes kennedy is weak and callow and inexperienced that he can get the better of him so what happens, we have one of the most dramatic and dangerous moments in the cold war which was the cuban missile crisis pitting kennedy against castro and khrushchev. you see how close cuba is to florida. the soviets were installing offensiv

khrushchev himself did not want war. it is interesting, the cuban missile crisis reflected his knowledge that he had been outmatched in his long range missiles by the americans and his wish to compensate for that by installing missiles from a position of weakness in cuba. khrushchev was in a sense elect he opponent for eisenhower to have. ultimately he did not wish to risk for himself. both men had experience, either directly or indirectly. khrushchev had been a civil servant but not in the war industries dexter of the soviet union. both men had experienced world war ii. they knew what it entailed. they understood the risks. as a result, both men raskin the geopolitics of 19 fifties. with a degree of prudence that is impressive. from our point of view being mindful of those who suffered under soviet tyranny in eastern europe suffered under communist terror any in china in the last years of eisenhower's presidency. it is a great leap forward in china and which millions died and ruthless and mismanaged politics. china in t

khrushchev ends up banging his shoe. that ends up with -- dad ends up in two years in the soviet prison. here we had a conference we participated in about early cold war overflight. the airplanes would zoom in to the border of the soviet union. and at the last minute would divert right or left. that would allow the soviets to enact their radar system. scramble their jets. it would allow us to figure out how quick they were able to scramble. it gave us an upper hand, we knew we had five minutes to get in and drop bombs if it had resulted in that during the cold war. we were testing their strengths and weaknesses as well as gathering information. here is another poster on the first cold war shoot down. it was shot down april 5th, 1950. this is a poster of the 50th anniversary of that shoots down. mrs. reynolds donated her jacket. her husband was one of the crew members lost on this mission. here we have a piece of the plane that was shot down on january 28, 1964. here is another piece of a plane that was shot down on septe

necessary you think it wasn't but i was born in the 19 sixties and we were in the early sixties khrushchev was just admitting to stall and one - - stall and the people that died in the famines about that time the great famine in china had happened in the fifties. many of these were just becoming known but people were horrified at what they learned was socialism. now we turn the page half of young people are enthusiastic almost half hate capitalism is perplexing to us that have read the history of socialism but i think it is necessary we have socialist on your side and on the senate side. when i was a kid they did have socialist but they were embarrassed they were liberals but then they didn't want to be called liberals now they are in your face i am a socialist and to bring the democratic socialist of america and they are proud of it. it alarms me young people aren't saying oh my goodness what does socialism mean? >> in a short period of time we have seen democratic socialist embrace the brand as a growth agenda. you said something early in your career the prospects for growth and specific

wish it wasn't necessary think it would be necessary and it is true i was born in the sixties and khrushchev was just admitting that stalin was a terror for many of those who died in about that time the great famine in china had just happened so many of these were just becoming known throughout my lifetime people were horrified about what they learned with socialism so now we turn the page with poll showing young people almost half of them hate capitalism and that it is perplexing to some of us if we read the history of socialism. it is necessary. we have a couple of socialist on your side or on the senate side. when i was a kid they were embarrassed of the label. they didn't want to be called socialist so then they call liberals but then they knew it would not be popular. now they are in your faced to say i'm a socialist the democratic and socialist people of america it is alarming that they say what does that really mean for our country? >> and in a short period of time we have seen democrats socialist really embrace that brand now you said something earlier which i have never forgot about

. ♪ >> moscow, nakita khrushchev hold a soviet that pilot gary powers of the downed american reconnaissance was alive and russia had seized five photographs made 1,400 miles inside soviet borders two days before the summit talks and mr. k was picked to play on the propaganda advantage. the most sensational intelligence operations yet revealed. america official admits extensive flights over and around russia by unarmed planes during the last five years. state department spokesman lincoln white gives the reasons for the flights. >> given the state of the world today, intelligence collection activities are practiced by all countries, and post war history certainly reveals that the soviet union has not been lagging behind in this field. >> they interrogate my father for three months. they put him before trial, international show trial to embarrass the united states. his sentence is ten years in prison. he serves a total of 21 months before being exchanged for soviet spy rudolph aidel. and that's a very, very quick condensed version. if you would like to learn more about the u2 incident and what

again when they put pressure on the divided diseaecision of ber he invite d khrushchev. he had a great time. on the contrary he invested huge sums in building up defense establishment. this is a number, take a way with you. here is one. in the eisenhower years, the united states spent 10% of gdp on defense in the 1950s. the size of the economy is very different, but a huge sum on investing in defense. the man who did so much to alert us to the dangers of the military industrial complexion did a lot to build that complexion. the u.s. nuclear arsenal soars in the eisenhower years from a few hundred weapons to 20,000 warheads. the more powerful atlas and titan. they all came online in his terms and he knew all about it. he poured over the plans, he was deeply engaged at pushing the agenda and these developments forward. the purpose was to deter the communis communists. this was the formation of peat through strength that won the cold war. every president since has followed it. and it is very much the strategy that helped to win the cold war. so he is a paradox. he wanted to

at least khrushchev did, traveling the united states. that was the thing, resort to diplomacy first to avoid war. mind you, eisenhower was no dove on defense system. he spent huge sums to build -- built up our defense base hit. . in the eisenhower years, the united states spent on average 10% of its g.d.p. on defense in the 1950's. today we're at about 3.3%. obviously the size of the economy is very different baugh huge sum on investing in defense. the man who did so much to alert us to the dangerous of the military industrial complex did a lot to build that complex. the u.s. nuclear arsenal soared from just over a few hundred weapons to over 20,000 war heads. the b-5 bombers, the atlas and titan intercontinental ballistic missiles. all these came online in eisenhower's terms and he delighted in the details. he poured over the plans. he was deeply engaged in pushing these developments forward. the purpose of these weapons was to deter the communists, to keep the peace. this was the beginning of the formation of the peace through strength