the officer that took over lbj, lt. col. vernon johnson, attempted to solve the obvious crisis at the stockade, at least as they understood it in 1968. johnson had an he hd in p knology. he believed strongly in rehabilitation. the officer who insisted lbj was populated by sociopaths, johnson believed there was no such thing as a bad boy. but johnson wasted no time putting his principles into practice. he was trying to rehabilitate them. he listened to prisoners' complaints, sometimes supporting them against his guards. he urged the guards to get to know the prisoners, spend time talking with them, join their basketball games. he also attempted to stem the flow of illegal drugs into the jail. for many prisoners, this outweighed the positive roles he tried to play, especially as he started a highly probable ruler -- highly unpopular practice of strip searching inmates. johnson was doing with the people who assigned him to his position had intended. he was implementing modern penal practices, but these did not solve the problem

the men who were incarcerated in lbj were mixed bunch. some had gone a wall or refused a lawful order, whether that lawful order was to advance into combat or cut their hair lbj second-in-command leader called them at least some of them scared kids in a war zone. nonetheless another stockade official in 1968 noted that almost none of the those prisoners were first or even second time offenders. officers by that point was so reluctant to take men out of the field that it calmly took several offensives before a man was sent from his unit to serve time in the stockade. sometimes those defenses were being seen as being to militant. no matter how many scared kids got themselves crosswise in authorities and ended up in lbj, the also jill also housed murderers and rapists and soldiers were convicted of war crimes. some of the prisoners were men who when the words of the commander of the 18th brigade, had committed crimes against the population against their own unit, guys who shot and killed vietnamese on a whim. you've got to understand said th

and lbj was notorious throughout the u.s. army in vietnam, a place that was hated and feared, the only historian to date called it, quote, a brooding presence in the lives and consciousness of young soldiers. as the united states had moved more and more deeply into war, as the number of u.s. troops grew and their morale declined in the months following tet, lbj was stretched well beyond capacity. this jail had been built to house 400 men, by mid 1968 it housed 719 inmates. the space allotted to each man had been cut almost in half from an original 70 feet -- square feet, not very much. to 36.5 square feet. army regulations specified that 282 trained guards should be present for an inmate population of that size but lbj had only 153 and few were adequately trained. stories of the brutality by the guard abounded. and the guards said they were moving throughout the inmates without anything, even a night stick. whether the lawful order was to advance into combat or cut their hair, lbj's second in command later called some of them

in the lbj ansari and jackie's archives which is so cool by the wayside handwritten signature of lbj and is not protected you can just pick it up. i love history. [laughter] dear jackie, thank you for your nice letter in the enclosure. it is always fun to see you had a good time telling terry cobb and parks about when they came to see me about lady after knox. kind of says a lot doesn't? [laughter] [laughter] so between all of these letters and even letters from the women i was able to find, no one agreed on what this quote unquote woman astronaut program was supposed to be and everyonebe wanted it to be something different, largely for self-serving purposes. it became it's really interesting thing to find out what actually happened. why was this program -- mike it looks like it's going to happen it looks like that women are going to go through the simulation testing and is canceled but who did it and no one would take responsibility for anything. f i managed to track that i'm not going to avoid the actual ending, did manage to track down so much exactly where this thread went. why i

john tyler it was set the precedent carrying through lbj who becomes president on the death of jfk based on the president of john tyler 1841. we have never had a situation the president has died in office and the 25th amendment has made him president that only is happening during nixon and ford somebody will say why i didn't include them separately and at some point i will answer that question. the reason the vacancy and vice presidency are important because john tyler is a disaster for the whig party he's basically a democrat does not subscribe to the wig agenda at all. like most of the accidental presidents coming after him he has a different set of policy views of his predecessor taking the company in a different direction and then to be completely ostracized who have no relationship with the predecessor and didn't have a good sense of what was happening now for him it's only 30 days. so tyler as he subverts that wig agenda is excommunicated from the whig party and then to take john tyler out of the party the first accidental president is a president without a party. like he like all

and what i remember about the great society is at lbj was abandoned opposed to the vietnam war was theaacp. so what about the civil rights revolution? how could that not be in your book how do we great the great - - explain the great society. >> it is in my book and very extensively. this is just one chapter. looking at civil rights law the act which came before the voting rights act and revolutionary. following the howard university speech that is positive and i argue there's plenty of evidence that those benefits didn't help people they kept them poor for example we talk about hillbilly appellation and what can we do with the struggling group in addition to poverty? in the 19 sixties we have appellation law it just made life harder to getting benefits. so that johnson's howard university speech i think johnson got ahead of. and along treatment of the delegation that was not seated and then to turn away with the mississippi party. >> i'm very excited to read your book there are two schools of thought about the great society to be bad and counterproductive in the second the basically i

hearing lbj call herbert hoover on his birthday, call and talk to harry truman. these are guys who worked so hard against each other politically in so many cases, yet it's nothing short of affectionate. why the antipathy, why the anger from this president who has now publicly stated he has nothing to learn from this club of four? it was five until the death of 41. >> times have changed, haven't they? very drastically. as you say, jfk called all three of his living predecessors -- fdr had passed away by that time -- during the cuban missile crisis, asking for their help. and during this enormous pandemic that we are dealing with here and the devastating consequences of it every day, you would think that president trump would reach out to his predecessors, and he has not. and i know from talking to people who are very close to them that bush 43, george w. bush, bill clinton would love a phone call, and they would love to be involved and help in any way they can as they did after the tsunami in asia, after hurricane katrina. now would be the moment to avail yourself

if they make me carry a rifle, the first man i want in my sites is lbj.law undersaid the which he was charged with valid, but his comment was protected political hyperbole. he was just spouting off. naacp claimed imminent, he said if we catch up going into those racist stores, we will break your neck. a week later, somebody fired shots into the window of people who violated the boycott. the court said there was not enough immanence. these are sometimes hard questions to analyze because they frequently turn on the facts. you have to analyze them in if this the truth and was an intended communicated threat. if so, where they placed in fear? , a rapper whose put a lot of threats on the internet to a lot of people, but claimed they were part of his persona as a rap artist. reasonableeld if a person would consider the communication of threat, this is problematic, but that is the law. it would be hard to address any other way, really. well, that gets us out of incitement. somebody did have a question, a reasonable test instead of clear and present danger becaus

to demonstrate, to demonstrate against the war, to demonstrate against the democratic party, against lbj and then his stand-in, hubert humphrey. there were a lot of people on the streets outside of the convention in the hilton hotel, which is still there. the city made strategic errors. the old mayor had denied anybody a permit to spend the night in the parks or to be in the parks after 11:00 p.m. that was something of a problem. there were so many thousands of young people who had come. there were a couple groups. the national mobilization committee to end the war. there was the youth international party called the yippies. the mobe was trying to forth consensus among young voters about the war, how to end the war in vietnam. the yippies were led by abby hoffman and jerry rubin who were known for street theater and antics. at one point, they got in and dropped dollar bills on the floor of the stock exchange and then watched people on the floor scramble to get the money, which was exactly what they were looking for. while the democrats were rang ma rangwrangling, protesters started to cl

lbj, i won't be forgotten too. how much good it is to feel part of that presidential club.he only ones who experienced what you've experienced. >> it should be tapped into. doris, thanks for being with us this morning. really appreciate it. >> i'm so glad always to be with you. thank you. >>> thousands of crew members stuck on cruise ships for weeks after the passengers left. new hope this morning for the crew members to head home soon. we'll speak with one of them next. keep school in session. because the key to keeping kids learning, is keeping kids connected. you know when your dog is itching for an outing... or itching for some cuddle time. but you may not know when he's itching for help... licking for help... or rubbing for help. if your dog does these frequently. they may be signs of an allergic skin condition that needs treatment. don't wait. talk to your veterinarian and learn more at itchingforhelp.com. can match the power of energizer. because energizer ultimate lithium is the longest lasting aa battery in the world. [confetti cannon popping] energizer. backed by

conservative college campuses or he was a prisoner in the white house and remember the chant to go up hey hey lbj how many kids did you kill today. that is harsh even by today's politics. so johnson has to decide what he will do about this. there is a lot of interpretations that this is a political crisis in the end he handled well because he goes on television talking about our bombing clause and that he will not run again i will not seek a normal except the nomination from my party for another term as your president this was a shock because he saw the office all his life and loved being president. but as a defining moment to end his presidency, he did the right thing because even though he knew he would face a struggle to be reelected, he could have been actually because he was a strong figure they had doubts of others running for president, he didn't want to polarize the country and wanted to rip them apart so it was the right thing for him to do. and i think most would agree. so nixon of course to be a tough and for leader and faced with the watergate scandal, he violates all of the standards

was a prisoner of the white house for much of this time and remember the chat that would go up, hey lbj, how many kids did you kill today, we talked about how harsh politics is today but that is pretty harsh. lyndon johnson has to decide what to do about this. there are a lot of interpretations but this is a political crisis and in the end he handled well because he goes on television talking about a bombing pars and he announces he's not going to run again. he says i will not seek nor will i accept the nomination of my party. this caught the country by surprise, a tremendous shock, people were stunned that johnson would do this because he had started this office all his life. in reconstructing this as one of his defining moments that ended his presidency he really did the right thing because even though he knew he would face a real struggle being reelected and he could have been reelected because he was still strong figure and a lot of people had doubts about other people running for president but he didn't want to polarize the country and new it would rip the country apart so in the e

the video is provided by the lbj presidential library in austin tested -- austin, texas. >>

and with the lbj to make things happen who stands out in your mind?thaddeus stevens absolutely in the house. remarkable parliamentarian. and then to be eminently quotable but to be regarded as the best lawyer and the chairman of the ways and means committee and was responsible for anything that involved money and even though he was are radical no one is more radical than stevens and then to create the majorities and weighed i artie talked about the joint committee. to hold 260 generals and officers to be interviewed and they pushed very hard and sometimes successfully to get rid of the deadwood in the officer corps. and the blood of many many men are on him. and zachariah chandler another figure of veteran of the underground railroad and james ashley was too ill he would have and a very dramatic looking guy and looks like beethoven. [laughter] and young and masterful parliamentarian as well. the charles sumner maybe the biggest single member of the wartime congress with the gray antislave larry or raider lawn - - orator with gray hair everybody love t

however, after his assassination, lbj stepped up and really took up the mantle for anti- poverty campaigns in his january 64 state of the union address, famously declared a war and poverty. in august to 64, just seven months later, the bill, the economic opportunity act was passed. creating the office of economic opportunity or a leo which was the agency that oversaw all the war on poverty programs. and they were so may programs, takes a page in the book just to list all the programs but some of them are headstart, medicare is something that came out of the school lunch programs, things like this. so rfk, when he went to eastern kentucky in january 68 he had a few reasons to go. one was i think it was still in the back of his mind that his brother had wanted to visit kentucky and 63 it had never made it appear he wanted to gauge the success of the war and poverty. the bill to re- appropriate economic opportunity was coming up so he wanted to see what progress had been made on the war on poverty. to think robert kennedy also wanted to show that poverty was not an african-american problem or

this was a thing he did, similar to lbj. whether you're a fan of george w. bush, he did do that.president not do that. when you've covered presidents who have been in crisis in the past -- the great depression was 29.4% unemployment rate. the great recession in 1982, the first great recession, 10.8% it maxed out. the 2009 great recession, 10% unemployment. we're now in between those two numbers so far at 14.47%. it's thought we might be heading towards another great depression. what is the normal sort of process of going through crisis and talking americans through crisis that is different now? >> well, the first thing, presidents who have successfully dealt with crises have first and foremost leveled with the american people. the american people long demonstrated, if you level with them, if you tell them what the situation is, no matter how dark it may appear, that they will respond. i would suggest to you that those who study leadership always point out one of the most important form of leadership, military or otherwise, is to have that trust, that leadership between trust and

you mentioned your book on lbj and the great society. when is that on the market? amity: november.rian: mr. holzer, your next book? 54? harold: 55. amity: 10 times as many books. harold: i'm not at prolific as you make me out to be. my next book is "president of the press: from the founding fathers to fake news." it explores all the presidents and their evolving and contentious relationships with journalists. brian: when does that come out? harold: next spring. brian: i want to thank our guests this evening, for providing us the opportunity to be here, and to our audience for joining us and asking such good questions. amity shlaes, thank you very much. and that is it. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2019] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> all "q&a" programs are available on our website, or as a podcast at www.c-span.org. ♪ >> sunday at 3:00, a study session for the advanced placement u.s. history exam. jason stacy and matthew ellington, co-authors

with a more obedient kind of supplicant in that role remembering that even dick russell pushed back on lbjwhat's the chance mcconnell has hopped on top of trump's shoulders and may ride him all the way to the title of minority leader? do you feel that will ever really happen in this coming election? >> i think you put your finger on it exactly, brian. my former colleague in the washington bureau of "the times" carl hulse just posted a very astute story saying mcconnell is on the attack because he's scared. he's scared that with seats endangered in maine, colorado, and north carolina, that he's going to be out his majority leader. and as you suggest, this has been one of those revelatory days in washington. we've been drenched in lies by the white house for weeks, and today in the course of a few hours, we heard the truth from dr. fauci that a speedy reopening will cost us thousands of lives. and interestingly, we heard the truth this morning from two republican senators. senator lamar alexander, while choosing his words carefully and gently, admitted that we have no national strategy for t

joining me now, assistant dean of the lbj school of affairs in texas, victoria. perspective on these numbers. give me yours and whether or not you're surprised by them. >> regrettably, i'm not surprised. let's go back to the great recession of 2008. luteatinos and african-american were the hardest hit population. latinos lost 66% of their wealth. african-americans, a little less than that, but still these monumental numbers. even as close as 2017, 2018, we knew these minority populations had yet to recover their wealth. i'm not just talking about the lowest income in these groups. middle class latinos and african-americans. then you had this pandemic come along and we're seeing the disproportionate impact among these communities and it's a gut punch. >> why the disproportion? what is behind it? >> right. so we know that latinos and african-americans tend to be in the service industry. so you think about your restaurants, your hotels, your construction industry, for example. and these were the industries that were first hit and the first to start shutting down. yo

you mentioned your book coming out on lbj and the great society.hen is that expected to be on the market? ms. shlaes: november. november. brian: and mr. holzer, your next book, i mean, this is 54, i guess? mr. holzer: no. it'll be 55, i think. brian: 55? ms. shlaes: 10 times as many books. mr. holzer: this is also edited books, so it's not as i'm not at prolific as you make me out to be. so, my next book is called "the presidents and the press -- from the founding fathers to fake news." it explores all of presidents and their evolving and contentious relationships with journalists. >> when does that come out? brian: when does that come out, yes? mr. holzer: next spring. brian: i want to thank the -- start with peter osnos and one of our guests here this evening, harold holzer, for providing us the opportunity to be here at the fdr house, and to our audience for joining us and asking such good questions. amity shlaes, thank you very much. and that is it. it's done. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2020] [captioning perfo

for someone like me, eisenhower -- [laughter] lbj and fdr are still modern. in my lifetime. thank you, susan, and the book not be here without your editing, which has been tremendous. but let me start with our three historians. when you start off by telling us a little bit about why you even got into the writing of history? robert: i was a journalist who worked at the daily news. channel three, among other places. i was always interested in it. my father bought me statuettes of the presidents when i was a little boy, so they were sort of my guide. he bought me a book of facts about the presidents, which is like moneyball for presidents. it tells you when munroe's mother died and all of those sort of things. i was always involved with that. i am also a contrarian, as my wife will tell you. to write about the worst president was more fun than figuring out who the best one was. >> it is a good question. i'm still trying to figure out the answer. a couple of different reasons. the first is that i am a constitutional law professor. in my field and my classes, everybody is totally

wanted to go to the academy and strom thurmond did not want to sponsor you, you had to write a letter to lbj. when you see what's happening across america today, what are your thoughts, sir? >> john, in all honesty, as an african-american, particularly an african-american male, one cannot help feeling somewhat depressed. i had dreamed we would be far beyond this by now. i was writing a message to one of my former colleagues from nasa last night, dr. david newman, who was my deputy for the last two years at nasa, telling her that as an eternal optimist, i can't help believe we'll overcome this, but when we see what's going on now, it's hard to be positive. but we have to do that. i hope this mission, although some of its luster was lost in the violence and everything that's going on across the country today, but i hope that this mission, the way that space has managed to pull nations together will in some way manage to pull our own people together here in the u.s., because that is most important for us. you know, when i was growing up, we were in the streets, just like now, fighting about vie

question about chester a arthur, when there's a reference to kennedy not moving ahead in civil rights and lbjwas able to chester arthur moving ahead with service reform kind of having a change of heart and morality once garfield was assassinated so i'm wondering what your thought was on that in your research. >> actually david and i were talking about this before coming here today. >> you should have been there. it was a great conversation. next question. chester allen arthur is actually an under-appreciated president in my mind. chester allen arthur was chosen to be vooipts because he represented the rival group in the republican party as opposed to james garfield. he was traditionally under the thumb of a new york -- catogh when he shot garfield he said i am a stalwart and arthur will be president. and the warning after the shooting when arthur and they showed up at the fifth avenue hotel in new york city there were death threats against him. many people thought there was something to it, he might have been involved. he wasn't but people thought that. chester allen arthur did a lot of soul-

when there's a reference to kennedy not moving ahead as far as civil rights and then lbj was able to, i thought that somewhat true of chester a. arthur, moving ahead of civil reform, having a change of heart and morality once garfield was assassinated. wondering what your thought was on that, and your research. >> we were talking about this before coming here today. >> you should have been there. >> yes. it was a great conversation. next question. and the food was very good, too. chester allen arthur was actually an underappreciated president, in my mind. and i think david would agree with that. as i mentioned, chester allen arthur was chosen to be vice president because he represented the rival group within the republican party opposed to james garfield. he was traditionally under the thumb, really, of a new york political boss named rosco concord. gateau, when he shot garfield, said publicly and in writing several times, i am a stalward and arthur will be president. when arthur showed up at the fifth avenue hotel in new york city, there were death threats against him. many people th

eisenhower, lbj are still modern for me. this book would not be here today without seasons editing. let me start with our three historians. would you all start off about telling us why you even got into the writing of history? robert strauss? >> business or? >> history. >> i was a journalist who worked at the daily news and channel three among other places. i was always interested in it. my father brought me little statuettes of the presidents when i was a boy. they were my guides instead of soldiers. they brought me a book that was facts about the presidents. it's like money ball for presidents. baseball statistics, i was always involved with that. i'm also a contrarian as my level tell you. to write about the worst president was much more fun than figuring out who the best one was. >> that's a good question. still trying to find out the answer. i think a couple of different reasons. the first is i am a constitutional law professor. my field and in my classes, everyone is totally absorbed with the supreme court and focuses their time on that. i am fascinated by other institutions t

the question about kennedy and lbj, i thought so much of chester a. arthur moving ahead with civil service reform and having a change of heart and morality, once garfield was assassinated. i'm wondering what your thought was on that. we were talking about this before coming here today. you should have been there. [laughter] it was a great conversation. the food was really good too. [laughter] chester alan arthur is actually an underappreciated president in my mind and i think david would agree with that. chester, as i mentioned, chester a. arthur was chosen to be vice president because he represented the rival group within the republican party opposed to james garfield. he was traditionally under the thumb of a new york political [indiscernible] guiteau, when he shot garfield, he said publicly in writing several times he said, i am a stalwart and arthur will be president. in the morning after the shooting, when arthur showed up at the 5th avenue hotel in new york city, there were death threats against him. many people thought there was something to it

for someone like me, eisenhower -- [ laughter ] -- lbj and fdr are still modern in my lifetime. [ laughter ] i want to start off -- thank you, susan and this book wouldn't be here today without susan's did editing. would you all start off by telling us a little bit about why you even got into writing history. robert strauss? >> business? >> history. >> writing history. i was a journalist. i worked at the "daily news" and channel 3 and among other places. i was always interested in it. my father bought little statues of the presidents when i was a boy. they were my guide. he bought me a book called "facts of presidents." told you when monroe's mother died. so baseball statistics. i was always involved with that. and i'm also a contrarian to write about the worst president was much more fun than figuring out who the best one was. >> that's a good question. still trying to figure out the answer. i think a couple of different reasons. the first is, i'm a constitutional law professor and in my field and in my classes everybody is totally absorbed with the supreme court. and focuses on the supre

and just like lbj was an out and out segregationist, yet what he did, nothing short of politically.ex and we have -- how do we accept them as a whole, their entire legacy as we teach our children going into the next generation whether abraham lincoln was a good man or bad man, lbj, james madison, all these people. >> well, joe, thank you for calling on me for that question because my newspaper endorsed abraham lincoln. we also were the big abolitionist paper in town. i don't personally remember it, joe, but that legacy was a very strong one. and abraham lincoln was -- his main goal was to save the union as you referred to and was ready to do anything in order to do that. it was frederick douglass was a very important figure in persuading lincoln to stop at nothing short of the right to vote, the liberation of the slaves, et cetera. and that -- in three fascinating visits between the two of them. he helped to persuade lincoln to write that emancipation proclamation. it did not apply to the states that did not secedy isecede fro union. maryland and virginia? i didn't even hear about f

a lot of the people named don't do anything and a lot of it and lbj and this idea of task forcing. well, a lot of that was the government bureaucrats but not the big-name people. my favorite example of this is clark kerr just around the time he is being fired from ronald reagan doesn't show up at all for the things that will shape the higher education act. who is left behind is the nameless bureaucrats that is left behind that and that is a lot of who is shaping that we need to think about. i think it goes to the question of how could that, who is being appointed to these commissions is not government positions. is it any wonder we have any idea about the men and women in the civil service who has tried to do so much. how does that work? does our focus on these commissions which very rarely actually, you know, lead to any sort of effective policy change. a lot of interesting ideas and things like that those are not on the people on the ground to implement and fight off policy. it's just a thought. i don't know what you all think. >> one possible answer, it's not a complete answer.

and lbj, he has this idea of task forcing. well, a lot of that was actually the government bureaucrats. my favorite example of this is clark kerr. just about around the time when he is being fired from ronald reagan, doesn't show up at all for all the things that will actually shape the higher-education act, which he would eventually sort of oppose. but there is this idea that who's left behind are nameless bureaucrats hidden behind that and i think who actually participates and who is actually shaping what we need to think about? and i think it goes to the question of that who is being appointed to these questions are not actually government officials. is it any wonder that we have no real sense about the men and women in the civil service, who have done so much and tried to do so much? how does that work with this? does our focus on these commissions, which very rarely actually, you know, lead to any sort of effective policy change and dhi this that those are not the people on the ground trying to implement and fight out pol

can agree or disagree on tlheir policies, an whether it was bill clinton, or richard nixon or jfk or lbj, they entered that oval office having taken an oath to serve this country and there is a -- there was always a magic about becoming the president of the united states and they honored the history of the office, they honored the solemn responsibility. and again, you don't always have to agree with every policy decision, but those men all at a fundamental level were there to serve the people of this country and donald trump is in the white house to serve himself. that's why this ad hit him so hard because it peeled away the illusion of donald trump. it peeled away the reality happy talk. it peeled away the constant stream of reenforcement and it told the truth about what's happening in this country. when ronald reagan ran it it worked not because reagan convinced it it was great but they believed it and it amplified that t. we are in a crisis without a president who can manage to lead this country effectively and they are scared and they are angry and they are determined to do something

jfk and lbj were not fast friends and ronald reagan and -- sometimes politics turns pragmatic. what he does. he is the best. stay with us, we're following interest rates too because as stock prices are rising, at least when it comes to mortgage rates, they're tumbling but people are not taking advantage of that. why do you think that is. staying connected your way is easier than ever. you're just a tap away from personalized support on xfinity.com. get faster internet speeds with a click. order xfi pods to your home in a snap. or change your xfinity services with just a touch. all in one place. you're only seconds away from all of that on xfinity.com. faster than a call. easy as a tap. now that's simple, easy, awesome. neil: disney, universal, a host of other theme parks, waiting for the a-okay to attempt opening. that is proving a lot easier said than done. grady trimble with us right now at illinois great adventure, six flags, whatever the terminology is, grady. reporter: six flags great adventure, that's right, neil. it is outside of chicago. it is still closed with no date

there was a commission created by lbj.ought, originally, it'd come out by saying they were provocateurs and agitators. instead, it had this conclusion, asking, what happened? why did it happen? what can we do to make it bet r better? >> we were moving toward two societies, one black, one white, separate and unequal. it talked about the lack of right policing, the flawed justice system, poverty, condition in which people were living. this was 52 years ago. it makes me so sad as an historian and person, to realize we are still at a situation. we know what's happened during the covid situation, the disproportionate number of blacks and latinos who have been affected. and we ask the question why. it has to do with the conditions under which they're living, the overcrowded, the fact they're in essential work operation, near freeways with pollution. that has to be addressed. systemic reform is necessary. that's what you need leadership for. not to blame the mayor of min yap a minneapolis. it's the problem we saw when president t