. >> host: you said 1964 is barry goldwater and lyndon johnson. do you believe that it was more of an anti-old water, anti-republican thing or was it more of a pro-lbj pro-democratic thing? what caused this massive support of blacks in the democratic party? >> guest: i think was a mix of both. you had john f. kennedy come into the white house in 1960 and had ongoing negotiations with civil rights and militantly started to do certain things to enforce the rights of black folks in the south. it culminated in him proposing the civil rights act of 1963 that he then did not champion but then when his vice president who was a southerner who grew up in the segregated context who was himself had racial attitudes that were on towards towards black people when he picked up the civil rights act made it his own lyndon johnson went all in the civil rights act and a way his enemy had been reluctant to and i think i that showed a lot of african-americans that this might be a party -- one of the things i found interesting in doing the research in the early 60s is

they start to look at lyndon johnson five ways. and king comes out against the war, and then you have lyndon johnson go to the convention and 68 even after he was not going to run, and in order to insert hubert humphrey, the black freedom fighters, not expecting the voting rights act. then i don't even want him on tv. that was the 1st moment. as you know, you have the black establishment saying we need to respond and put up our own kennedy. show this democratic party that they don't own eyes. they were put up a candidate, carl stokes. richard nixon wins and it is a disaster. he runs online order. it sort of like oj saying these black criminals saying we're going to take care of that. the response of the democratic party, black parties to say we're going to walk away from this. we're going to adopt the tough on crime message of your and our opponent and become more like them. these issues you care about, jesse jackson, we can do with it. these fractures existed under the surface. i just burst more in 2,008 because now you have the s

what i'm referencing is lyndon johnson's great society programs, medicare and medicaid. civil rights legislation. the war on poverty. johnson inherited that and made it go. an ironic sense, maybe it wasn' wasn't so much the death of programmatic liberalism but it was the dramatic, rapid pace of programmatic liberalism coupled with vietnam, and to increase the pace of activity. a pace that was probably too rapid for the american public to assimilate in such a short time. before i conclude my remarks, i would like to mention there were real cracks in the liberal edifice before 1963. in politics, one could look at strom thurmond's dixiecrat candidacy. this would point to the race politics of the future. in 1968 you have george wallace's dixiecrat candidacy. dwight eisenhower, his 1961 address concerning the dangers of an military-industrial complex, the last address that he gave as president of the united states. it points to a think the dangers not set in concrete at his time at the possible dangers of a warfare welfare state, of the dangers of its abuse into an artificial,

the black folks start to look at lyndon johnson sideways. and king then comes out falls where against the war, never gets invited back to the white house and then you have lyndon johnson going and 6840 was not going to run again. in order to assert, black freedom fighters who are trying to say this party is not doing what you say, not accepting the voting rights act. he sidelines. shut up essentially. we have already done a lot for you. you will once. the client. and i thinki think that was the 1st sort of a hot moment. andthen in 72 you have the black establishment saying we need to respond and show this democratic party that they don't. shortly chisholm comes income address the plan, nixon winds, it is a disaster. sort of saying these black holes. and thenholes. and then here and african-americans looking to the party, where you? they are not healthy, winning,healthy, winning, capable. jimmy carter falls apart plan the response of the democratic party is to say we arewe're going to walk away. there going to adopt the tough on crime message

in my secretary, there's a call from lyndon johnson to i was a we had a line call the potus line prodigious rate. didn't win intimately. it rang until it was answered last night and you could never pick it up as a meticulous made you feel like -- and he said, answer the phone, what is

declassifying presidential daily briefs lyndon johnson received early in the vietnam war. that is the old model. the cia went through a procedure, annual review of the white house that basically said, is this operation, is the data we are getting out of this operation, this effort worth what we're getting if it got disclosed tomorrow morning on "the new york of times" or "the washington post"? the nsa never went through that process until post-snowden time. tell us, go one more beat about how that is changing. what you are saying happen in the culture. is there now an underlying assumption that even the deepest secrets may only have a shelf life of a couple of years. how does of -- that affect one's thinking on how to measure risk?

candidates -- used to have ads, lyndon johnson with the nuke ad, i think that only showed once and you couldn't really respond to a negative ad. but trump doesn't need the negative ad. he can be just negative to you directly. >> yeah, and you can't spar with him. you can't spar with him. he has no filter. he'll say whatever. you know what i'm saying? >> larry: that is true. ike you're trying to keep things above board, talking about what about your ridiculous immigration policy, and he's, like, shut up, fatty! we're not having the same conversation! (cheers and applause) (laughter) >> larry: do you think trump has made insult an effective political weapon? >> i hope so. >> larry: really? not the takedown, not the attack, but the insults. >> i think it's great. he's like a struggling rapper on twitter. (laughter) it's, like, let me, like -- let me just make fun of everybody and then retweet all the nice

it would be a sharp, your number and king by the way, it was lyndon johnson signed those laws. and they were making a factually accurate but stinging statement was meant to be a rebuke of the idea that the media was putting i young man wicked kennedyesque figure. and this really bothered this couple, particularly since bill clinton saw himself as someone who want to the mantle of kennedy. whenwhen the media and the public started to put that on barack obama, i think it enraged him and they did not know what to do with themselves. by the time the south carolina plus sizeposts idea to when they now have similar figures and civil rights movement same back off the clintons were just completely stabilized. stabilized. they were not used to running against not just the black men but the black community. they never thought that have to compete for it. they say at some.-- at some point whether it was i a representative for new hampshire the black community embraced him would you attribute that to? is aspirational to a certain degree. assure that resources and writes a kind of blow to c

lyndon johnson wants the report out so it doesn't interfere with the election in november. >> warrense he was a man who had spent his early career as a courtroom prosecutor. he understood a crime scene. he wanted to stand in that window and see whether this was a shot that a marksman could make. while he was there, warren felt he should talk to ruby. there were all these suggests ruby had killed oswald to silence him. so he wanted to hear from ruby himself. >> the warren commission realized they were going to have to invest a lot more time than was anticipated. this may be a two to three-month operation to the conception that it will probably take six months. >> the hour glass of time was running out on them. >> can you say if you still think it was one man? >> i think we'd better not get into that area, you know. the report will cover all of that in great detail. >> this committee labored ten months, then brought forth a document close to 1,000 pages. president johnson received that report today. >> what the public understood and what i understood is these were very honorable men. t

george bush remembered in vietnam the military would see lyndon johnson and he felt there asking for too much he would give them 90% but they ask for the always less. whether in fact, or just psychological i believe he felt that created an excuse for failure so when he looked him in the eye and said general, you can have all that and if you need more, you come tell me. he was saying that you have no excuse to fail. you must do this right, and we will not micromanage. the ball is in your court go do it. al was a milestone change in policies for the end states and established the principles if we're going to go into conflict the best thing to do is with more than waiting q need them less. the third anecdote passenger with a relatively minor, not to denigrate issues like "war and peace" and budgets that dominate the the issue of child care. in the process of negotiating a budget, george bush had turned how important child care was to the evolution of the way america was changing. single mothers needed child-care even in two-parent families child care was necessary to allow them to viva

[applause] >> jimmy has more legislation except lyndon johnson. since world war ii. we are making friends in the world to people are beginning to realize what a great president he was as far as i'm concerned. [applause] >>. >> personally looking at the mental health issues because so much has changed not that i've met everyone in the right direction but that was exciting to me. >> you did a lot more than watch. [applause] with that we will wrap up this conversation

he called one morning about 8:00 and my secretary, incidentally, call from lyndon johnson in those days, we had a line called the potus line. just rang. it didn't ring intermittently. it just rang until it was answered. you could never pick it up fast enough. he always made you feel like -- he said, she answered the phone. she said, where is he? well, he is in the bathroom, mr. president. he said, isn't there a phone in there? [laughter]. and she said no. he said. put a phone in there. so i came out. and, peggy was there and she said, president wants a phone in the bathroom. i said forget about it. we forgot about it. next morning, same time, i'm in the same place, the same call. and he shouts at peggy. he says, i told you to put a phone in there! and she said, yes, mr. president, yes, mr. president. by the time i got out of the bathroom there were two army signal corps guys standing in my office and phone was installed. that is when he wanted you all the time. i mean i, and secondly, he, he saw, he saw things, always a way to do something or we need ad law or we needed some help. tryin

in december of this careyear, w be participating in an event at the lyndon b. johnson library in austin. in addition to my travels for the creativity connects roundtables, i will continue to visit communities throughout the country meeting with local community leaders, arts organizations, artists, federal policymakers to see how the arts are making a difference in the places they call home. this will be part of my effort to continue the national conversation about the arts in our lives. we'll host a national convening in conjunction with the kennedy center in october 2016. our focus will be on the future of the arts in america and this convening will bring together artists, thinkers, policymakers as we continue the dialogue about how we can strengthen the arts sector for the next 50 years and explore how the arts are a critical opponent to imagining and building and securing our future. throughout this coming year, we'll also be posting new multimedia content on our website that showcases the impact of the arts on the nation in partnership with our state agencies. this

lyndon johnson who recorded his telephone calls says, five days before the election, and i quote, thisis treason. it is definitely against the law. it's called the logan act passed in 1798 for private citizen to conduct diplomacy on behalf of the united states. if this had come out, it would have swung the election. the poles were going like this. in the end nixon won by seven tenths of a percent of the vote the evidence was too secret to reveal on the eve of a presidential election. it had been gathered by the nsa. no one knew who the nsa was. there were known as no such agency. to know that they were tapping the south vietnamese --dash they all say, we can't do this. it. it will blow the country up. it had already been a pretty bad year in 1968. kennedy had been murdered and martin luther king have been murdered. the country is going to be torn apart even worse than it is, which was hard to read imagine. it's all down a black and white. it's all recorded. it's a pretty terrifying story. >> did humphrey know before the election? >> after. >> i thought it was before. >> and lbj junior.

thought that i when the civil rights bills in the era of martin luther king jr., lyndon johnson, and harry truman, that we could breathe a sigh of relief. that we had finally overcome the ravages of racism left over from slavery times. 100 years after the civil war, we war between the states, had legal racial supremacy for white people. thats been shown lately that dream of having overcome it was misplaced. we still have a lot of racism in our country. the consciousness of individual citizens, and i think some of the polarization of is dues in this country to a large extent, i would say particularly in the south, to the remnants of racism. the race issue is still very important. i think having elected president obama was a step in the right direction. we have 22 voters in our family in the last election. , anave another one now australian who has become an american citizen. he can vote now. we had 22 votes and all of them went for obama. we didn't have anything against welary, but collectively thought this would be a good step in the right direction. it hasn't worked that way. i thin

when president lyndon johnson signed the 1965 voting rights abbing. he called it a monumental law.ohnson pushed the bill through congress. the struggle was proseeded by another battle. this was known as bloody sunday, it outraged the nation. >> reporter: a few weeks after bloody sunday, marchers sent off again. on the front line of the marches that day is a man who organised the protest. the county voters league president. reverent reece, 85 years old was the person that invited dr martin luther king junior for the successful second march. later that year he was at the capital signing the rights acts. what did youening? >> i thought it was so good, after having gone flow all the difficulties we have gone through, and now we had a chance to be considered as first class citizens. >> reporter: for 50 years the voting rights act helped to transform the landscape. >> president obama is not president of the united states if it were not the act. >> reporter: they are worried because of a 2013 supreme court decision. because as a holder, the original act requires several states to get perm

who knows if the next shot would have been for lyndon johnson. at parkland hospital. four agents reach in and grab johnson and pull him out and start to run him down one corridor. looking for a safe place. >> mr. johnson, his whereabouts are being kept secret for security reasons. if anyone knows where mr. johnson is, it is not us at this moment. >> it was a signal moment in our cultural history. suddenly it occurred to us the right thing to do is turn on the television. >> reports continue to come in but in a confused and fragmentary fashion. >> president kennedy has been given a blood transfusion at parkland hospital here in dallas in an attempt to save his life. it was odd because there were no commercials. it was just a continuous experience. >> two priests have entered the emergency room at parkland hospital where he rests after the assassination attempt which now was about a half hour ago. >> what are your feelings right now, ma'am? >> i'm absolutely shocked. stunned. we have the same birthday. i am just crazy about him. >> who would want t

lyndon johnson knew about this because the fbi had the south vietnamese embassy in washington wired, and the nsa had the presidential palace in saigon wired, okay? so they were hearing both ends of the conversation. the south vietnamese ambassador's getting communications from the president of south vietnam, and they're talking back and forth, and the ambassador's saying, listen, nixon says wait, we'll get a better deal, okay? and the president says, absolutely, i totally agree. and on the eve of the presidential election, this close to a deal in paris, the south vietnamese walk. and lyndon johnson, who recorded his telephone calls, says five days before the presidential election, and i quote: this is treason. it is definitely against the law, it's called the logan act. it was passed this 1798 -- in 1798, for a private citizen to conduct diplomacy on behalf of the united states. if this had come out, it would have swung the election which was going like -- i mean, the polls were going like this. and in the e nixon won by seven-tenths of a percent of the vote. but the evidence was too

lyndon johnson didn't like the pickles-style briefing, perhaps because kennedy had never allowed him to read it. the kennebunkport tailored a new one for him titled, "president at daily brief," and they changed the delivery scheduled. >> and they delivered it in the afternoon, not the morning, since johnson liked to do his reading at the end of the day, often in his pajamas, while lying in bed. >> reporter: in the years to come, the war in vietnam consumed l.b.j. in 1967 he asked for a daily supplement on the war "for the president's eyes only." after the 1968 tet offensive, kennebunkport briefers reported that north vietnamese broadcasts arey boasting of hundred dead in the attack on the u.s. embassy when in fact there was minimum loss of life. johnson claimed the vietnamese could not eat and sleep properly. he was confused as a man in the moon. the briefings have continued since ever president since. a later cia director called them the agency's most important product, but, jim, the delivery has changed. these days, president obama gets his top secret fix on an electronic tablet. >

>> i think i've been several fractures in the party the first was this break that lyndon johnson madem his own heritage as a southern politician, southern democrat, and then i think the next one really was with jesse jackson. when reverend jesse jackson ran for president in 1984, it was a movement that was not embraced started by the black political leadership or the democratic party leadership. but if ultimately transformed the party. he won several important concessions of the convention because he was a successful vote in the campaign and in 1988 in just registering millions and millions of voters, many african-american. you saw this fundamental shift in the way delegates were awarded, and the way the party had to campaign in the reinjured action of the need for southern politics that really made barack obama's rise possible because he the courselly over of the small races because of jesse jackson. amy: how did president clinton deal with jesse jackson? >> once jesse jackson had achieved these two back-to-back campaigns that really were successful political movements that galvanize

president lyndon johnson inaugurated it in 1965. we have made tremendous progress on things like child poverty in that time. we still have tremendous challenges. every couple of years, there is something h.u.d. does called the worst case housing needs assessment. the last one we did found there are 7.7 million families out there who are either paying 50% or more of their income in rent, or living in substandard housing, or both of those things. just last week, the national low-income housing coalition put out a report that folks may have seen in the news that has a really eye-opening analysis that said that nowhere in the united states can you afford a two-bedroom apartment or home to rent on a minimum wage salary. with the exception of a few communities in the pacific northwest, folks cannot even afford a one-bedroom apartment on minimum wage. you get a sense of the gravity of challenge out there. we want to address that affordable housing component so that more folks can live comfortably in a decent, safe place. the second thing w

president lyndon johnson in our curated the department in 1965. think it is fair to say that we have made tremendous progress on things like child poverty in that time. but we still have tremendous challenges. every couple of years, there is something h.u.d. does called the worst case housing needs assessment. the last one we did found there are 7.7 million families out there who are either paying 50% or more of their income in rent, or living in substandard housing, or both of those things. just last week, the national low-income housing coalition put out a report that folks may have seen in the news that has a really eye-opening analysis that said that nowhere in the united states can you afford a two-bedroom apartment or home to rent on a minimum wage salary. and that, with the exception of a few communities in the pacific northwest, folks cannot even afford a one-bedroom apartment on minimum wage. so you get a sense of the gravity of the challenge out there. we want to address that affordable housing component so that more folks can live comfo

president lyndon johnson inaugurated the department in 1965. think it is fair to say that we have made tremendous progress on things like child poverty in that time. but we still have tremendous challenges. every couple of years, there is something h.u.d. does something called the worst case housing needs assessment. the last one we did found there are 7.7 million families out there who are either paying 50% or more of their income in rent, or living in substandard housing, or both of those things. just last week, the national low-income housing coalition put out a report that folks may have seen in the news that has a really eye-opening analysis that said that nowhere in the united states can you afford a two-bedroom apartment or home to rent on a minimum wage salary. and that, with the exception of a few communities in the pacific northwest, folks cannot even afford a one-bedroom apartment on minimum wage. so you get a sense of the gravity of the challenge out there. we want to address that affordable housing component so that more folks can

helped spur the passage of the wroting rights act later that year, at the act signing by president lyndon johnsonwas a guest of honor. 50 years later the nation's first black president escorted her across the edmon-pettis bridge whose sacrifices continued to move america to equality. civil rights leaders of her generation say the first draft of the voting rights act was written in her home. but she didn't wait for congress and the president to act. in 1964 the year before it was approved mrs. robinson became the first african/american and the first female to run for congress in alabama. roger goodell is speaking out for the first time since the federal judge threw out the suspension of brady and is open to reconsidering on how the league deals with player conduct violations. >> we believe the standards of the nfl are important to uphold. we believe that you don't delegate that responsibility or those standards. we think that somebody with a deep knowledge of the game and our policies and our rules are important. >> reporter: goodell says he is open to creating a special officer or panel to handle

lyndon johnson believed there was a link between southern poverty and southern racism. the consols london the other to transform the south. thereby bringing into the mainstream. to be common knowledge that is not intended to use the space program to reconstruct the south. after kennedy placed him at the space council, the vice president found himself in a position to implement his plan. the executive order requires several contractors to be equal opportunity employers. this is the first time this happens soon after he announces plans to land on the moon and they began to advertise for engineers and technicians around the country that contractors quickly proclaimed themselves to be compliant. but not everyone embraced the order july 1961 houston power and light cut power to the pelican island in galveston texas. jeopardize in the hope to the inclusion with a contract with the navy. should i tell the president you cannot supply power to the navy? because of the negro question. and what are you going to do about space? houston remained a viable candidate this is one of the

lyndon johnson, george h.w. bush , bill clinton, and george w. bush. the 42nd and 43rd president's talked about leadership, decision-making, and the 2016 presidential campaign. >> is that like for like a renewed certain extent into the arena on a global scale. first, margaret spellings, the president of the george w. bush presidential center. she will be moderating the conversation. two leaders who i had the privilege of serving under as my commanders in chief. two leaders for whom we have all learned valuable lessons on leadership and life. it is my honor to introduce you to the 42nd and 43rd president's , president william j clinton, and president george w. bush. [applause] mr. bush: i know two people who are glad he's not running for president. i. cuban: i --mr. clinton: two who- i know would have been glad earlier. >> i thought you were going to be the highlight of the program. mr. clinton: -- >> welcome back to the bush center. it has been a delight to work , especiallyam valerie alexander, stephanie, mike. mr. clinton: everybody knows that you we

intended to keep international affairs off of the front page, and we see as also occurred with lyndon johnson, that over time the foreign policy issues keep creeping in more and more, and one of the reasons for that is that with the crisis management, keep the foreign news off of the front page, puts you in a reactive foreign policy, and so you're not pro-actively pew centurying some kind of -- pursue something kind of strategy which eventually over time will come back to bite you. we also have certainly within the obama administration impulse that says, we don't need to spend as much on the military. we can use civilian power, soft power, which is where the term smart power comes in. use less of the hard power. that's been a big part of this administration's policies. also, the idea we could use drones and special operations raids as the heard- -- hard-power instrument we use to cut down conventional forces has been central to this approach, and we have seen certainly in the case of iraq, for example, we're now coming around to recognize that may not have worked so well so we're now scrambli

he called at 8:00 lyndon johnson in those days we had a line called the of potus 90 just rang not intermittently it would just bring. [laughter] you could not pick it up fast enough. she is a the phone and he said were is he? she said he is in the bathroom mr. president he said

pope john paul -- pope paul vi was the first in 1965 with lyndon johnson. and benedict xvi the most when president bush was in office. the morning started for pope francis in northwest washington. the papal embassy, his departure there where he greeted crowds before his short trip to the white house. [cheers and applause] >> pope francis this morning leaving the vatican embassy on embassy road just northwest of the white house. and making his way to this morning's ceremony. in the fiat that's become a bit famous since his arrival yesterday, kelly o'donnell tweeting a photo of how important -- how seriously the secret service is taking the visit this week of the pope. director of the secret service, joseph chancey on site near papal fiat. he's the man in the far left of that photo. well, coming up at 4:00 this afternoon, our live coverage will continue from the shrine of the immaculate conception on the canonization mass with pope francis and others. 4:00 p.m. eastern right here on c-span, c-span radio and c-span.org. and the pontiff will be at the capitol t

in december of this careyear, w be participating in an event at the lyndon b. johnson library in austin. in addition to my travels for the creativity connects roundtables, i will continue to visit communities throughout the country meeting with local community leaders, arts organizations, artists, federal policymakers to see how the arts are making a difference in the places they call home. this will be part of my effort to continue the national conversation about the arts in our lives. we'll host a national convening in conjunction with the kennedy center in october 2016. our focus will be on the future of the arts in america and this convening will bring together artists, thinkers, policymakers as we continue the dialogue about how we can strengthen the arts sector for the next 50 years and explore how the arts are a critical opponent to imagining and building and securing our future. throughout this coming year, we'll also be posting new multimedia content on our website that showcases the impact of the arts on the nation in partnership with our state agencies. this

sent a similar message to lyndon johnson after kennedy was killed. he was a journalist. he congratulated johnson on taking over. he said he would support him in the 1964 election by trying to behave. and if johnson needed to use cuba as a political whipping the campaign that caching would understand, as long as he sent a back message channels saying it was all politics and was not real. in .5 again reiterating -- please tell the president he should not interpret my desire for discussions as a sign of weakness. that interpretation would be a serious miscalculation. we are not weak. the revolution is very strong. it is from this position of strength, he says, that we will restiate our views and the of the world. he basically alludes to the fact there were talks under the kennedy measures and going on the very moment that kennedy was killed and fidel would be interested in continuing the talks if lyndon johnson was. castro reached out to richard nixon. he had met him in washington. they did not get along. nixon was known as an inveterate castro hader. but 11 days after nixo

kennedy, martin luther king jr., lyndon johnson, bob dylan. >> don? >> dr. king. >> that's incorrect. >> dr. king. >> can i do it? >> you can do it anyway. >> kennedy. >> that is correct. >> oh, my god. >> number two. >> ha-ha. >> and he's done. >> oh, my. >> no more questions. >> it's a one-hour show, man. >> i thought we weren't going to be able to fill an hour. apparently not a problem. number two, which female news anchor served as a press aide to president nixon. >> chris, you pushed my hand out of the way. >> real name leila, we know her as diane sawyer. >> correct answer. >> oh, my god. >> john 14, 1952, dave garroway, became the first. >> chris. >> i can't believe you got the buzzer faster. >> today show is what you are thinking of my friend. >> that is correct. >> final. i know these. >> final question. was that dancing? was that your dancing? >> my pants are tight on this side. >> e lalaine from seinfeld. >> which american broadcaster was born in canada? >> peter jennings? >> wow. >> that's a draw. >> chris. >> you want to say it for me? >> peter j

. >> reporter: where he addressed the united nations and met with president lyndon johnson. the pope's enthusiastic reception was a sign of changing times. for many years anti-catholic sentiment had been widespread in the u.s., fueled in part by fears that a catholic american president would take orders from the vatican. that began to change when john f. kennedy affirmed his belief in the separation of church and state in a historic campaign speech in 1960. >> i do not speak for my church on public matters, and the church does not speak for me. >> reporter: father thomas reese is with the "national catholic reporter." >> anti-catholicism in a sense died with john kennedy. john kennedy became an american hero. anti-catholicism to rest. >> reporter: more than a decade passed before another pope visited the u.s. in 1979 pope john paul ii traveled to six cities and delivered over 50 speeches and sermons. the final stop was in washington where he visited the white house by invitation of president jimmy carter. >> only a devout baptist president could invite the pope to come and v

lyndon johnson believed there was a link between southern poverty and southern racism. if an activist federal government could solve one he thought it, could solve the other and transform the south away from farming and towards technology. thereby bringing it into the nation's social and economic mainstream. it was common knowledge in some african-american communities that johnson intended to use the space program to reconstruct the south. johnson was not shy about promoting this idea. after kennedy placed him at the heads of both the national space council and the pceeo, the vice president found himself in a position to implement his plan. the president's executive order required federal contractors to be equal opportunity employers. and this was the first time this would happen. soon after kennedy announced plans to land on the moon, national first with connections to the marshall space flight center in alabama, began to advertise for engineers and technicians around the country. nasa contractors very quickly proclaimed themselves to be eeo compliant. but not every ve

lyndon johnson did that, bobby kennedy wasn't above doing this kind of thing so it is shady and reprehensible but it wasn't unique to. >> my question is about the reproach that with china. i haven't read the book yet, i will admit that. the review in "the wall street journal" said you tended to minimize the reproach went. my understanding is the reproach went was conducted. because of the soviets feared that the chinese could open up once every 500 miles on a 20,000 front the two countries share a. i would like for you to comment on your views on the doctrine. >> nixon did this under the radar for a long time. there was a private conversation we need to include china. nobody paid any attention to it. he had a number of motives. you can't forever excluded the chinese. >> they were anxious about the chinese and the chinese were anxious and mixing loved love this pudding one side against the other and he played that and kissinger deserve credit. >> this was the linkage they were going to link all these things together ultimately to get the lead on the north vietnamese government that the main pa

. >> reporter: where he addressed the united nations and met with president lyndon johnson.he pope's enthusiastic reception was a sign of changing times. for many years anti-catholic sentiment had been widespread in the u.s., fueled in part by fears that a catholic american president would take orders from the vatican. that began to change when john f. kennedy affirmed his belief in the separation of church and state in a historic campaign speech in 1960. >> i do not speak for my church on public matters, and the church does not speak for me. >> reporter: father thomas reese is with the national catholic reporter. >> anti-catholicism in a sense died with john kennedy. john kennedy became an american hero. so his assassination kind of put anti-catholicism to rest. >> reporter: more than a decade passed before another pope visited the u.s. in 1979 pope john paul ii traveled to six cities and delivered over 50 speeches and sermons. the final stop was in washington where he visited the white house by invitation of president jimmy carter. >> only a devout baptist president could