mass. mass. and the nucleon will have more energy which is to say, equals-- which was easy to say will have more mass outside the nucleus than inside. and in there lies the secret of nuclear energy because the graph of the nucleons would be something like this. over here 92, there's the graph that really, really tells it. and it's a graph, mass per nucleon versus atomic. now, it's not the mass of the whole atom, mass of the whole nucleus, it's the mass of each nucleon in the nucleus. and you say, in hydrogen it has the most mass of all. none of its mass is bound up with energy or binding anything else with it, it's all by itself. and as you continue to go up the periodic table, you get varying amounts of mass per nucleon. the point is, how much mass you got? depends per nucleon, depends what nucleus you're in. let's look at the uranium fission in terms of this relatiohip. here's uranium right here. the uranium atom has nucleons which have about this much mass each, each, all right? what's gonna h

how much should motive matter in responding to a mass casualty attack in the united states? does it only matter if that attack is tied to a larger group of organized people? and this we just experienced means he we should expect more attacks from those who have similarly motivated. the united states has claimed we are at war with a specific organization called al qaeda. but in the boston attack it turns out that as the initial interrogation report suggests, there was no operational relationship between al qaeda and the bombers, if no one assigned them this bombing, no one trained them or supplied them or supported their work, if it turns out that one or both of the bombers had a vaguely pro al qaeda feeling in his head that motivated him to do this on his own or on their own as brothers, then does this get treated any differently than the columbine attack, than the d.c. sniper-type attack? what is the strategic importance of knowing what motivated them? and how do law enforcement and good interrogators pull those threats? joining us now is ali soufan, a former fbi special ag

you tell me that it was for the wonders of mass destruction saul's lives lost and does not work the u.s. soldier pulled the star spangled banner over the iconic statue of saddam hussein speaks to a decade after the fall. of order iraqi struggle to cope with sectarian violence political instability economic woes and the aftermath of the weapons unleashed by the u.s. military also. be the president's control. and he controls the past controls the future wiki leaks publishes over one point seven million u.s. diplomatic records from the kissinger era revealing washington's past involvement with dictatorships and showing its present day policies in a new. kevin oh and here at the new center tonight just past nine pm here in moscow first deadly suicide bombings and political uncertainty and now the realities of everyday life for millions of iraqis but it's something few of them imagined when they were cheering the symbolic toppling of saddam hussein's statue in baghdad a decade ago. met the u.s. soldier who played a key part in that historic moment he says the reasons for invading iraq don't

again mass general hospital. now telling us at a press conference that they're treating 19 people total. six of them are in critical condition. five of them in serious condition. and again backing up what we heard earlier about these really traumatic injuries. we're dealing with amputations here in this case. that's what the doctors are in fact telling us over at mass general. so that is what we got here from mass general. a lot of hospitals right downtown. i'm sure injured are being sent to different ones. at this point this is what we're hearing from mass general. >> mike, you have to think about it, once the runners have run 26 miles, they're already so weak. adam: the white house responded to this. the first statement was offering assistance to boston but wendell goler from the fox news channel is standing by live at the white house with the latest. wendell, bring us up to speed what the president is doing at this moment in reaction to all of this? >> the president is preparing to attend a ceremony accepting

mass being, what, more than two people at a time? >> more than four. >> more than four, okay. >> whoop-dee-do. >> perhaps there were offer non-whoop-dee-do side effects. >> the homicide rate involving the use of guns has declined significantly by factors of up to 50% and 60%, and the incidence of youth suicides involving guns has declined dramatically. >> whoop-dee-( bleep )-do. suicide with guns went down, zero mass shootings. >> australia still has murder rates and robberies last i checked. >> unless you can get rid of 100% of crime, it's not worth doing at all? >> put it this way, it's illegal to have crack cocaine anywhere in the united states. do you think if somebody really wants it they can get their hands on crack cocaine in america? >> so unless we can completely get rid of drugs, there's no point in having drug laws at all. ( applause ) >> let me think about that for a minute. well, i guess, effectively it doesn't work. >> you can't argue with phillip. even his logic is bulletproof. >> well, let me put it to you this way. t

you tell me that was born the one that mass destruction the souls lives lost is the thing i worked in the u.s. soldier who pulled the star spangled banner over the iconic statue of saddam hussein speaks to our decade after the fall of baghdad. meanwhile ordinary iraqis a struggle to cope with sectarian violence of political instability economic woes and the obscene mouth of the weapons unleashed by the e.u. with the military. goals the president controls. and essential. controls the future. and the publishers a one point seven million u.s. diplomatic record of of the kissinger era revealing washington's pulse involvement with former dictatorships and showing its present day policies in a new line. you're watching live all from moscow with me to bomb with their let's take a look at this hour as the international news that leaves suicide bombings and political uncertainty are now the realities of everyday life for millions of iraqis but it's something feels i mean imagine when they were cheering the symbolic toppling of saddam hussein's statue in baghdad a decade ago archie's marine abo

what's its mass? - one. - one. those two things slam. and when they slam, boom, again, a proton pops up and leaves wha well, whatev it es, it'sotta be--what's the-- what it's goa be over he, gang? - six. - six. and wh'she numr gonna be? - 13 - 14. yosee, it's 14. y, this is not twice this. th is twe and then some. this atom here has extra neutrons. it turns out that atom is unstable. that atom is carbon 14. most of the carbon in your envinment is carbon 12, but somef the on youenvinment is carbon 14. and that carbon isioactive. and that carbon emits a beta particle. could you tell me what ileft? some people can. some people can't. most of you, of course-- begins with a c. can't. the shorter version of c. check your neighbor. what are the numbers gonna be, gang? what's the number gonna be over here? - seven. - seven? - is it seven? - yeah. - if it's seven, does it check? - yeah. seven minus one is six. what's seven? - nitrogen. - nitrogen. - what do we got for up here? - 14. what goes around comes around. nature is cyclic, gang. you start

this mass runs 2 1/2 hours. and still the pews fill up with spillover forced outside. >> reporter: the experience of this church is in west africa congregations are big, and getting even bigger and the faces are very young. in the build-up to the conclave, ghana's 64-year-old cardinal peter turkson got a lot of attention as a possible pope, especially for those pulling for him back home. >> we never thought a half-black man would be president of the u.s. but it happened. they seem quite okay. so i think he can be the pope. >> reporter: there's bound to be some disappointment now that the cardinals have chosen. but enthusiasm for the faith is unwavering. >> he encourage me to believe in god and that help me to believe in my faith. >> reporter: god really is everywhere in ghana. there's the book shop called god's time is best. the god never fails cement company. if your pipes burst, try true god plumbers. the church often steps up in ghana where the government struggles. in cape coast, cardinal turkson's former ar

called the mass games.e than 1,000 athletes and performers come together to celebrate their dictator and essentially become more indoctrinated into following him. a film maker daniel gordon exposes the message behind the spectacle in his documentary, "a state of mind." here's a sample. >> each of the 6,000 performers is synchronized to the group. each group to its chapter and each chapter to the whole. everyone will act as one, an embodiment of the philosophy of self-reliance. the performance is entitled army first career, and will last for 45 minutes. kim jong-il is unable to attend. >> really incredible. a moment there from the documentary "state of mind." joining us, documentary film maker, daniel gordon. daniel, it's so fascinating to see these huge public events, these collective events, these propaganda. for the outsider looking at it, it looks like this incredible spectacle but -- and as propaganda, but i guess for the people who have grown up there, daniel, this is really all they've known. this see

mass general? >> reporter: i'm at mass general hospital here. we have seen a lot of activity of state police cars, unmarked cars with lights on, sirens flashing and going up into the emergency entrance of the hospital. i'm not sure if my camera man can get a shot of the front door. i'm told there are state troopers guarding the entrance, the front entrance to the hospital. i think we are anywhere from five to seven miles from watertown. the closest hospital would be mount auburn. many say the facilities that exist here at massachusetts general hospital, they believe, are superior to those in mount auburn and this might be a place they would bring him. it is curious that so many police officers and so many police vehicles have come here to the hospital. as you know, one of the things that so many people have come out from the buildings, the pubs that opened, standing on the sidewalks, brian, trying to get a glimpse of ambulances or police cars coming this way. i have heard you talking about people copped up all day and it seems there could be a r

there is a press conference at mass general. let's go to that. >> some are in very critical condition? >> that's correct. there have been 29 patients seen here total. 8 are in critical condition and many of those are very seriously ill. >> what kind of injuries? >> there's a variety of injuries. probably the most common serious injuries or combined lower extremity injuries, combined meaning bone injuries, lower extremities. >> are you seeing shrapnel type injuries. >> yeah. we are seaing a lot of shrapnel injuries. many involve predominantly the lower extremities but it can affect the entire body. >> doctor, please describe the scene when people were coming in and cases coming in. can you describe that? >> well, the first patient who probably came in was probably the most severe. we had three of the most critically ill patients come in if about the first fifteen minutes. at this point we didn't know if that was the tip of a huge iceberg or not. so, you know, i think actually everybody, we're prepared for that type of situation s

there is a press conference at mass general. let's go to that. >> some are in very critical condition? >> that's correct. there have been 29 patients seen here total. 8 are in critical condition and many of those are very seriously ill. >> what kind of injuries? >> there's a variety of injuries. probably the most common serious injuries or combined lower extremity injuries, combined meaning bone injuries, lower extremities. >> are you seeing shrapnel type injuries. >> yeah. we are seaing a lot of shrapnel injuries. many involve predominantly the lower extremities but it can affect the entire body. >> doctor, please describe the scene when people were coming in and cases coming in. can you describe that? >> well, the first patient who probably came in was probably the most severe. we had three of the most critically ill patients come in if about the first fifteen minutes. at this point we didn't know if that was the tip of a huge iceberg or not. so, you know, i think actually everybody, we're prepared for that type of situation s

he could be charged with using weapons of mass destruction.19-year-old could be facing the death sentence. several public defenders have offered to represent him. we'll see if it comes to that or if he hires his own attorney. >> we have team coverage this morning and we start with abc's byron pitts in boston. good morning, byron. >> reporter: good morning, bianna. six local boston churches will hold an interfaith service later today for the victims and survivors of monday's bombings. meantime, law enforcement is focused on suspect number two, here at beth israel hospital. this morning, police and federal agents are anxiously waiting to question the man who sparked nearly a week-long man hunt. that ended in a spray of bullets. overnight this new video was released showing that final tense showdown, stun grenades exploding as police move in to capture dzhokhar tsarnaev. he's in serious but stable condition at boston's beth israel hospital. his injuries, preventing him from speaking. >> i think i and all of the law enforcement professionals are h

north america versus dzhokhar tsarnaev, the offense listed first is use of a weapon of mass destruction. mr. tsarnaev is being charged with the federal crime of using a weapons of mass destruction, but may mean it the way the fbi defines it, not as the military does. this does not mean that he had access to a chemical, biological, or nuclear device. it means that he used something that blew up. dzhokhar tsarnaev is a u.s. citizen. he will be tried in a civilian court. as of this evening, a senior official tells msnbc news that he can be described thus far in his initial interrogation at the hospital as cooperative. joining us now for the interview tonight is a former acting solicitor general of the united states, professional of national security law georgetown. he successfully argued the case of hamdan versus rumsfeld. professor neal katyal, it's great to have you here. thank you very much for your time. >> thanks for being here. >> so the difference between wmds as a military matter and wmds as a criminal matter, for

the world, that mass was in latin and it was familiar. i will never forget, my roommates expressions when we're watching a mass in african and it was latin and i was singing along at that point she said, "what, say what, you understand that?" oh yes, oh yes and it was a oneness kind of the function of it wasn't to be a overly mysterious or anything else it was a sign of unity. now you can still find that some places and will still find masses with gregorian the thing now is you can find all different kinds masses any places, it's still the same words, but if go to paris it will be in french and if you got to zaire it will be in - >> i like your comment about the unifying factor, it's like everybody who's a muslim praying facing mecca. you need that kind of unifying factor there. >> and it did have a very good feel to it. also i mean the fact, what went right along with it was having the altar face the people. i know when my parent went to a mass in the bahamas their alter was already facing the people and they said they could never feel q

the united states and russia used to mass produce serin in the cold war. the war between iran and iraq waged through the 1980s, they used serin in combat against the iranians and famously used serin and mustard gas both in world war i, saddam used serin and mustard gas in 1988 against his own iraqi people. he bombed the civilian iraq kurdish population. he bombed them with serin and mustard gas. the death toll from that attack was estimated in the thousands. serin is technically illegal now. an international chemical weapons convention banned it in 1983. not every country in the world signedton that convention. angola, north korea, egypt, the new country of south sudan, somalia and syria have not touched the weapons convention that banned it. that last country, syria, is thought to have the largest stocks of serin in the whole world. syria started making chemical weapons in ernest in the 1970s and really stepped it up in then 1980s, a strategic decision made by the assad government. for whatever reason now the assad government has huge stockpiles of chemic

i understand there is a mass meeting with the mayor who cares. one thing for sure we as african-americans are in the state of emergency we've got no chance >> next speaker. >> my name is a eugene. the constitution that we address is a matter of social curls condition supplied radiant in it's universe. redress to corroborate to answer on inability of the state to anything work time and recognition in exchange for healthy basic needs. we humans who educate labor in basis needs the maintenance of our people's a universe written as a ballot mile-an-hour outlaws racism and capital currency and man taxation's is organized collective labor. that qualifies from life instruments, production, it's anything work time. recognition of medical health oust. masses will leave and social culture labor persons skills and production, product, mental health did i ability basic needs and overall means of production is to tries in evolution. and joy constructive and is a total masses retirement age facilities and social culture needs to take this is change >> thank yo

mass transit cancelled.uding the universities as the hunt continues for the younger brother in the bombing. this brother dead the second one of a loose. we continue to follow the latest in a manhunt in the boston area this morning. we will be bringing you updates and give you all the information coming up in just a few moments. james. >> thank you mark. >> investors are hoping the stock market would turn around today keeping an eye on wall street. yesterday the market took a bit of a hit suffering the third loss this week. the dow closed down 81 points in the 14,537. the s&p dropped 10. the nasdaq falling 38 points. the decline followed a disappointing earnings parade of companies. the opening bell said to rent an hour from now. >> 527 our continuing coverage of the scene in the boston suburbs right now. as really, the entire boston area is under lock down. at a surge for the second suspect in the marathon bombings who is right now on the loose. a manhunt is under way. authorities are on the street but not a

many a tribute to america's presence in the country after a massive loss of life and no weapons of mass destruction found was it all worth it artie's marina porter spoke to one man who had very different hopes on the day iraq's leader was toppled. exactly ten years ago a u.s. marine from new york city made international headlines for his actions in baghdad edward chen tied a large noose around a massive statue of saddam hussein wrapped the face of that statue of an american flag before that monument was eventually toppled right now i am joined by mr chen for a one on one conversation on thank you for speaking with parties and i know you're welcome ten years have passed since that that that moment where you essentially became a symbol for the u.s. occupation and invasion in iraq you were twenty three at the time when you climb that statue what you know about the iraq war now that you do know that all are me when i know those ten years longer than we expected. to still struggling to rebuild their country to have a stable government climb that statue of saddam hussein and wrap the face of

it was a very forward with the masses which is already. solved you know i'd like to believe that you know. for two months stabilize the region. before market interest. there is no difference in a storm see. her. for our american democracy more than forty five hundred soldiers have reportedly lost their lives. in the war in iraq and tens of. thousands maybe hundreds of thousands of iraqis have been killed and they were born to. is this what you envisioned when when you are new when question now the new boss in on a vision well. known when it comes to war. expect unexpected. it's. tough in our vision but what you know about us foreign policy now that we didn't know that we're not going to be told she will happen is because the times are hard at sucking up until it's not just come out some of the public will go to war. to you know be able to control the oil without reaching out of course we're not just going to come out and and how many people are going to sign up to risk their lives was actually exactly but you know if it was you know we're

there a mass casualties including children. the latest on what happened and where the investigation stands tonight including the search for a subject as the nbc news special report gets under way. >> it's the best day every year in boston. it's a holiday, patriots day. the red sox played at fenway park today and ta won. it started off as a great day and then all eyes turned to the fin ish line at the marathon. at 2:50 this amp here again what the boston globe reported at ground level. a sudden blast in front of a crowd of spectators, volunteers and police officers and second later a second blast and the remnants of the scene show a mass casualty event. tonight the death toll stands at three including an 8-year-old. thousands of people pushed through the streets. we begin with the latest on this night. >> reporter: a sharp bang and then seconds later two blocks away. another explosion. a plume of smoking where who knew what happened. >> we have multiple people down here. i don't know are what the cause is. >> reporter: whatever

excuse me, i'm by mass general and another ambulance coming by there. i was in the tent for a little tlc. i think it was approximately eight minutes after i crossed, close to 2:40 p.m., when i heard the explosion. i was laying on a cot, having my blood pressure taken or something like that and my initial question was, is that thunder? it was a beautiful day here in boston so i didn't think that was the case. it was a loud boom. you could sense immediately in the tent that it was more than thunder and certainly a very serious situation. >> and then did you hear the second explosion right afterwards? >> yeah. i think that's what triggered it, you knew then -- i suppose the first thing that came to my mind is there could have been a generator or a water line, something of that sort. you hope and pray that it's not some sort of intentional act. unfortunately, it sounds like that's not the case. let me, first of all, say that i -- my prayers are to the victims, which hopefully that's not what's coming in now. but my hearts and prayers goings out to all the p

all the mass games are entirely for internal consumption.y're not there to impress us as westerners or outsiders. they're entirely there to impress on the population. as propaganda. they use the word propaganda themselves, what it is to be a team, what it is to unite behind the leader. it's all purely for internal consumption. >> i want to play another clip from your documentary "state of mind" that kind of gets to that point. let's take a look. ♪ >> up to 80,000 gymnasts are used in the floor display. the participants know that the slightest individual mistake on their part could damage the group's performance. they therefore surrender to the group and in this way, the performers become idealogically prepared and true communists. >> everybody is involved, everybody has a role to play in this. there's a real message behind it. >> yeah, and in fact, although that was obviously my voice in the narration, the words themselves were taken from the north koreans, and actually kim jong-il wrote a book on how to participate in the mass games. he wri

in the 11 charges, use of mass destruction, conspiracy to use mass destruction, destruction with theives and eight first-degree murder charges for those federal officers. i am assuming you are not surprised by what eric holder has decided to do. >> no. i'm actually reading the affidavit right now. i have it here in front of me. and it's a very specific affidavit by the fbi lead agent that specifies all the evidence against this defendant that he placed the knapsack down, that it blew up. and in terms of the elements of the crime, the specific factual elements of the crime, they seem to have an overwhelmingly compelling case. where i think the problem may come up is in how you infer intent to violate the terms of the statute from this. and i think they probably won't have a difficult time based on what i've just read in the affidavit they seem to have a pretty, pretty ironclad case. so my prediction is this case is not going to go down like an ordinary criminal trial where the defendant says i didn't do it and the prosecution has to prove it beyond a reasonable doubt. there will eithe

>> it is new in the sense of mass violence mass chaos events.iously there is gun violence on american streets every year but in terms of mass shootings, mass potential terrorist events mass bombings even infrastructure events, that hasn't been a normal in america until fairly recently. sure there have been events. the olympic bombing and the allegations against richard jewel, and terrorism events after 9/11 but it hasn't become the new normal in this country as it has in other countries. one of the reactions i had watching the scene unfold is it's amazing and obviously fortunate that this hasn't happened more frequently, especially with our country at war, and warning about the possibility of blowback. it is in a sense amazing that it hasn't become more normal but now it is becoming i think, whether it's terrorism, mass shooting or anything else it is becoming the normal in this country. >> michael: that's a great point. knowing this is possibility now, the notion that it hasn't hand at a ballpark or big public event is actually astonishing. so

to the mass roman has the story from san san francisco. >> we have learned from a local law enforcement source that patrols, routine patrols and other activities usually performed by the coast guard, have already been cut and bay area fire and police agencies are being asked to take up the slack. >> this imperial attitude on the part of the administration. >> we do apologize. we'll try to get you more information on the coast guard cuts. >> some el people receiving unemployment benefits in california will feel the sequester pinch. federal extensions starting today or after will be cut by nearly 18%. the average worker will lose $52 per week. >> it also resulted in 5% cut in each of the donary's national parks. the joe september tee valley visitor center hours will be two hours shorter from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. trailing repair and maintenance could also be scaled back. >> the sequester includes a total of $85 billion in federal budget cuts. the result of washington's failure to reduce the deficit by $4 trillion. the sequester slashes more than $2 billion from federal housing assistance

and they are clearly weapons of mass destruction.'ve been imported here and i think that's -- yeah, you're right. it is new -- the use is new and the charge is new. >> caller: i've never heard it used. i'm 75 years old. to me, weapons of mass destruction was like the atomic bomb and chemical warfare. >> bill: today tom, ieds are the weapons -- the new weapon of mass destruction. and what's interesting here, of course, is the last time -- the first time we heard that phrase, of course, was george w. bush insisting that iraq had them. well, iraq didn't but these two kids in boston did. tom, appreciate hearing from you. how about christine? christine in kingston, illinois. >> caller: good morning. >> bill: what's up? >> caller: i feel sorry for lindsey graham. he embarrasses himself every time he doesn't vote democrat. doesn't he try to make everything scary. everything has to scare the public. has to be scary. has to be foreign so everyone stays scared. it is a warmongering thing and it has to do -- >> bill: everything is all about lin

peter fagenholz a trauma surgeon there at mass general. as you and i know, if anything does happen to you in boston, you are lucky if you are close to massachusetts general hospital as 29 of those patients were today that are now in that hospital. mike, what is the feeling there? i've been having trouble imagining what it's like up there in my hometown tonight. >> reporter: well, lawrence, you know the town well. it's a very small town, the area we are talking about where the bombings occurred is a very small street. boylston street in downtown boston, perhaps the bombings occurred in no more than 100 yards distance. the mood in the city is one of obvious somberness, people are upset about what happened. the day, as you know, patriots' day in boston is a celebration, it's a community celebration. there is no school. it's a holiday for the entire state. children are out of school. this is the start of school vacation week. for years, every patriots' day begins with a red sox game that starts at 11:00 in the morning as it did this morning an

then we started heading back towards mass avenue. and away from the explosions. >> taylor, what we seem to be hearing tonight is that there were not a lot of injured or bloodied people walking around, because most of the injuries were below the waist. most of the injuries seem to have been to the legs. and so people were disabled, if they were injured. so did you see injured people leaving the scene? >> no. i didn't see any injuries whatsoever. the only injuries i seen have been via pictures. so, that's correct, no one who was injured was walking around. so thankfully, we didn't see anything. i honestly don't know what i would have done if i did see anything. but, no, if people were injured, that were being -- they were staying where they were, from what i've heard, they would not have been able to walk around. >> and, taylor, i want you to help us tell the story of what this day normally means in boston. you're family has a tradition on this day, don't you? >> yes. basically, we've had season tickets to the red sox for a while. so o

here's mass. general hospital press conference. >> understanding is that we have the hazmat team on stand by but have not had anybody who received hazardous materials exposure. >> what are you seeing. >> mostly orthopedic, traumatic amputations, injuries to arms and legs, that's what we're seeing right now. >> are there surgery and amputati amputations? >> some patients received traumatic ambu stations at the scene. already? >> alasdair, last name conn. and i'm chief of emergency services here. >> six are severely injured. >> six are severely injured requiring immediate resuscitation. we've started the backup team to the backup team. they've all responded to the emergency. >> and what about the others? you said 16 others, 19 others? >> 19 patient in total. >> what kind of injuries do they have? >> mostly they appear to be orthopedic, however we've not completely assessed them. they've managed to get all x-rays and c.a.t. scans at the moment. >> 6 critical and 5 pretty -- >> that's correct. >> woul

today's mass will focus on the four people who died and all of those who injured.s morning, boston is beginning to heal. what days ago was forced to shut down for a manhunt, today is packed with energy and healing. look at this empty courtyard thursday. now, look at it today. ♪ sweet caroline >> reporter: it's the song that makes so many think of boston and at this red sox game, neil diamond sang it in person. >> i bring love from the whole country. ♪ by the dawn's early light >> reporter: as broken hearts spoke through tears, the boston red sox pulled off a much needed win all following the capture of the man suspected of bombing the boston marathon. watertown police chief told me that means no more terror. >> we want watertown to go back to normal and boston. >> reporter: it is. just listen to the mailman. >> people didn't get mail today. >> totally different. so much laughter and happiness. that band playing, everybody's totally enjoying it. >> reporter: what happened here is something nobody will forget. especially not those whose lives were changed forever or