mr. scharre and mr. clark, what impacts do you anticipate our reliance on fossil fuels will have on her plan and effectiveness of our future warfighters? what is your assessment of the department progress in terms of reducing its reliance on fossil fuels sources? >> i think a couple of key reasons to do so. one is of course strategic risk and vulnerability. another what is cost. but an important one is that alternative energy solutions can help increase the insurance for many various long endurance capability particularly robotics that we can put out on the battlefield. things like better batteries, solar power can allow us persistent surveillance systems out there can help detect the enemy for months are just out of time. so there are some significant operational advantages as well. >> it's about not so much fossil fuels come it's just reducing our energy dependence in general. which is a threat to project force over a very long this is because all of our friends and allies are an ocean away from us so

mr. scharre and mr. clark, what impacts do you anticipate relying on fossil fuels will have on planning and effectiveness of our future warfighters? and what is your assessment of the department's progress in terms of reducing reliance on fossil fuel sources? >> one is strategic risk and vulnerability. another one is cost.@#bá=Ñ but an important one is alternatives can increase the endurance for many various long endurance capabilities, particularly robotics that we could put on the battlefield. better batteries can allow us to have persistent surveillance to protect the enemy for virulent months or years at a time. >> it's about not so much fossil fuels as reducing our energy independence. we have to project forces over a long distance because our friends and allies are an ocean away from us. so we're generally transferring them over a long distance and even when they get there they're having to operate at the very edge of our logistics change. so the energy they need in general would be important. in t

mr. scharre and mr. clark what impacts do you anticipate relying on fossil fuels will have on planning and effectiveness of our future warfighters? and what is your assessment of the department's progress in terms of reducing reliance on fossil fuel sources? >> one is strategic risk and vulnerability. another one is cost. but an important one is alternatives can increase the endurance for many various long endurance capabilities, particularly robotics that we could put on the battlefield. better batteries can allow us to have persistent surveillance to protect the enemy for virulent months or years at a time. >> it's about not so much fossil fuels as reducing our energy independence. we have to project forces over a long distance because our friends and allies are an ocean away from us. so we're generally transferring them over a long distance and even when they get there they're having to operate at the very edge of our logistics change. so the energy they need in general would be important. in taking a

mr. scharre have talked about is really hard. we need to come up with better capabilities to detect these small underwater vehicles. it's a huge potential vulnerability that could be exploited. >> i agree. thank you very much. i appreciate it. i think that is something we need to turn our direction to also. thank you, mr. chair. >> thank you, mr. chairman and all of you who are testifying. the department of defense has used technology basically, quality over quantity to stay ahead of other countries. one of the other hearings we had have said that we are falling behind in our ability to rely on our technical superiority. do you share that view? if so, what are some very fundamental steps we should be taking in order to increase our capacity -- technological capacity? >> i will start. one of the main factors is time. how do we shorten the time by which we develop programs? thinking about payloads over platforms. think about software over p payloads. there are more sort of fundamental shifts that people are thinking about. there's

mr. scharre talked about. we need to come up with capabilities that could be used against undersea cables. >> i agree. thank you very much. i perceived that are not something we need to turn our direction to also. thank you mr. chair. >> thank you mr. chairman into all of you for testifying. the department of defense has used technology basically quality over quantity to stay ahead of the other countries so one of together the other hearings we had said that we are falling behind in our ability to rely on their technical superiority so do you share that view and if so what are some very fundamental steps we should be taking to increase our capacity, technologic capacity? >> i think one of the main factors, how do we shorten the time. mr. clarke talk about modularity, thinking about payloads and platforms but also thinking about software payloads to the can operate software very rapidly but there are even more fundamental shifts that people are thinking about. this firm i mentioned earlier is thinking about tak

mr. scharre you are talking about swarms and a change in warfighting. if i could mr. chairman we hear about platforms, we care about payloads. what about personnel? are we going to be looking at the same infantry in 20, 30, 40 years? >> and bigotry can take whole-gram. infantry can take the whole ground. >> gas when it comes to building up security infrastructure to pass on to someone else that something that's going to require it personal interaction. could we use robotics to help ground maneuver warfare, i think absolutely and i think there's a lot of opportunity for the army probably is not yet to look at something like a modern-day robotic maneuver to experiment with maneuver warfare. >> thank you. thank you mr. chair. >> thank you mr. chairman and thank you to those witnesses. general alexander you talk about and we agree all the time the number of cyberattacks on the nation or governmental agencies that are occurring with greater frequency and i think he is a 350 cyber attacks. i'm not sure what time that was. give us a good example of a counter cyber attacks th