in the early 1930s, mussolini and his fascists imposed import bans on various foreign goods.this led to food shortages, malnutrition, and a lack of wheat, which raised the prospect of italian tables with no pasta. in typical style, rather than lifting the import bans, mussolini tried to convince italians that eating pasta would make them weak, lazy and even sexually impotent, and that a high protein diet would make them more productive and war-like. the campaign was clearly not a success. >> when the fascists arrived, a big part of the italian is with mussolini. but thirty/forty percent is against mussolini. >> yeah. >> in fact, pasta actually became a powerful symbol of the resistance against his fascist regime. armed with their guns and sheets of pasta, many of the partisans who stood up to mussolini lived in these very streets. >> and the great access rail yards from which troops and supplies are poured into southern italy are plastered by overwhelming -- >> during world war two, this area bore the brunt of allied bombings that aimed to disrupt the nearby rail hub. tragica

by the way, black shirts in vzoniya are still not prohibited, just like mussolini’s anthems. she sat in the european parliament, being the founder of a neo-fascist party, from high tribunes she declared that she was proud of her grandfather, and this is all in the 21st century, there was a campaign for the brussels mandate of his great-grandson dictator, although gaius julius caesar, this is his name and surname, not won the election, he himself blamed facebook for this, the platform blocked his pages for communicating with voters, alexandra musalini was especially disgraced at the end of the 2000s, when she said on the country’s main television channel that it was better to be a fascist than a homosexual; also, the granddaughter of the main fascist repeatedly stated that only my grandfather felt responsibility and love for italy. alexander significantly agitated italy and the eu on april 25 , 2016, this is the day of italy’s liberation from fascism. the woman said that this was not a holiday for her family. however, further, the fate of the ideological inspirer of the curren

it's terrifying and by the way, among the people who said that we need war to have peace, that's mussolini. and mussolini also talked about people coming over the border, bringing marxism and disease, as did hitler,, there are so many different directions, this is designed to have some kind of strongman figure that will make everything right, it's converging, and that's why there is an uptick, that's why trump is talking so often about violence because that's an integral part of it. it's really disturbing and as somebody who wrote a book on this and how democracies are destroyed, it's very sad for me as a first generation american to see this happening here. >> same. and olivia, you worked for a gentleman, mike pence, who doesn't even talk about this. he will talk about it a little bit but he's running for president almost as if it didn't happen at all. he will talk about his former cocaine, et cetera, he talked about it in a very bland way but he almost got lynched by these people. just a few of the recent threats, a guy named tim dever in december 2022, two individuals were indicted on 6

go, be it the sss march, where education minister paolo finetti goes, or support for the ideas of mussoliniaudio durigon, who wants to honor musolini called a square or street. there are still real heirs of the nazi regime, organizations in which runes are popular. hitler's anthems, symbols of the reich, have their supporters throughout europe. in search of supporters, modern hitler lovers took to the internet. images, anonymous forums have become a free flower garden. for a variety of views. few people know that at the same time european radicals took a fancy to the anonymous messenger telegram, together with like-minded american people, they created a whole network of channels with funny with pictures and discussions, it is precisely there that one can find anti-semitism with conspiracy theories, and conversations about racial superiority and dreams of a totalitarian state with ethnic cleansing. the demolition of monuments, the renaming of streets, the transfer or cancellation of historical dates, all this... historical madness today flourishes en masse and is encouraged at the official l

she's the author of the book strongman, from mussolini the president. every time, ruth, i'm impressed by something. you have some historical parallel about someone who is invoking the same kind of imagery, or language. this one of jesus christ sitting next to donald trump in a courtroom was new to me. what do you make of it? >> yes, i am also smiling but it is very serious. silvio -- who is a very italian prime minister. he had over two dozen indictments when he was forced to step down. he was finally banned from running for office. he had numerous corruption trials over a dozen. he called himself the jesus christ of italian politics. he was the savior of the nation, against communism. he was also the murder, and he use the term, which adds. that prosecutors who, commies, perverts, they were after him. it's very similar, the language, the tactics, to what we're seeing here. >> i want to ask you about something that you wrote in an article for cnn in 2016. it's how to deal with trump's tweets. that was new to us all then. you said that trump broadcast hi

the the after the nazis bower in italy, states foreign policy became extremely aggressive. benito mussolini needed glorious victories. he decided to achieve his ambitions in africa. despite the fact that formally libya had become an italian colony back in 1912. the vast territories of this country were not actually controlled by rome. the nazis decided to put an end to this. but as soon as the religious order of the senate side stood in their way and the arabs did not want to submit to for an hour and put up fierce resistance. dividers against colonialism were led by the sheets of the senate side order. omar l move star was nicknamed the lion of the desert for his incredible courage. despite the violent, bombardments and boys in gas usage, mass deportations, and the imprisonment of the local population in concentration camps. the invaders could not cope with the arrow patriots for a decade. in 1931, omar l move star was captured and sentenced the hanging at the trial. the hero of the libyan people behaved very bravely and rejected. pardon. pursuing a policy of genocide, italy was only able

regime that saw death and destruction everywhere it touches just as the french were the italian under mussolini the residence of gaza, lebanon, yemen and syria or enduring bloodshed and tigger. watching the islamist right yet just like the rise of nazism, the world is silent. definitely silent. even if you continue calling this meeting situation in the middle east and the palestinian question for the rest of time it will not make it any truer. at this meeting is only about the situation in the middle east and the iranian threats. this has nothing to do with of the palestinians. three weeks ago, humanity witnessed iran and hamas death squads in action. they exterminated jews into hundreds. they deliberately sliced open a woman and stabbed the fetus while she was still alive but the security council still has not condemned hamas for the intentional murder of israeli civilians. unbelievable. over 250,000 have been displaced since the war began. millions of israelis are living every day under constant and discriminant rocket fire both in the south and the north at the hands of hamas, hezbollah and

the syllabus, but i used the the, [000:00:00;00] the 1935 fast is easily led by dictator benito mussolini decided to expand its colonial empire in africa and take over the opium. by that time, ethiopia was the only fully independent states on the continent. back in 1896, its inhabitants were able to defeat the italian colonies and defend their independence. since then, rome craved for revenge for the humiliating defeat. in the morning of october, 3, 1935. without any announcement, the foxes attacked ethiopia and bombarded it most severely. d, d, o. b, an armed forces followed courageously. but the route taylor t. a b, i tell you and knew no bounds. they use not only massive bombing attacks on civilians, but also chemical weapons. toxic gas is this james the course of the war. as a result of the occupation of ethiopia, by the fastest 760000 people were killed. the capture of the african state was committed with europe's tacit approval to britain and france recognize the annexation giving the green light to a further fast expansion in the world. 10 baby. and the way for the outbreak of worl

fortunately the the the law school that i see the of the 1935 fast is easily led by dictator benito mussolini decided to expand its colonial empire in africa and take over the opium. by that time, ethiopia was the only fully independent states on the continent. back in 1896, its inhabitants were able to defeat the italian colonies and defend their independence. since then, rome craves for revenge for the humiliating defeat. in the morning of october, 3, 1935. without any announcement, the foxes attacked ethiopia and bombarded it most severely. d. d. o. b, an armed forces bogged courageously, but the roots, l a. d, a battalions knew no bounds. they use not only massive bombing attacks on civilians, but also chemical weapons, toxic gases. this change the course of the war. as a result of the occupation of ethiopia by the fascist 760000 people were killed. the capture of the african state was committed with europe's death at approval. britain and france recognize the annexation, giving the green light to a further fastest expansion in the world, and paving the way for the outbreak of world war 2

and they shout death to everyone it touches, just like france under-- and italy under mussolini, the jihad under nazi forces, like the suffering of londoners during the blitzkrieg, ukrainian civilians are murdered from the sky with iranian nazi weaponry. like the overreaching hands the houthi attack united arab emirates. and there were unprovoked cyber attacks. the islamic nazi regime of iran is responsible for aiding terrorists around the globe and working towards destroying every value our civilized world holds dear. today the world is watching the rise of shia islamist reich. just like the rise of naziism the world is silent. deafeningly silent. even in you continue calling this meeting the situation in the middle east and the palestinian question for the rest of time, it will not make it any truer. this meeting is only about the situation in the middle east and the iranian threat. this has nothing to do with the palestinians. three weeks ago, humanity witnessed iran's hamas death squads in action. they exterminated jews in the hundreds like they were insects. hamas nazis delibera

the 1935 facets easily led by dictator benito mussolini decided to expand its colonial empire in africa and take over the the opiate. by that time, ethiopia was the only fully independent state on the continent. back in 1896. its inhabitants were able to defeat the italian colonies and defend their independence since then. rome craved for revenge for the humiliating defeat. in the morning of october 3, 1935. without any announcement. the foxes attack the d. o. b s and bombarded the most severely. d d o b, an armed forces bod, courageously. but the roots, ality of the italians knew no bounds. they use not only massive bombing attacks on civilians, but also chemical weapons, toxic gases. this change the course of the war. as a result of the occupation of ethiopia by the fascist 760000 people were killed. the capture of the african state was committed with europe's tacit approval. britain and france recognize the annexation, giving that green light to a further fast expansion in the world. 10 paving the way for the outbreak of world war 2. the 22 people are dead and dozens wounded as a gun

yeah, and it was a part of the, [000:00:00;00] the 1935 versus italy, led by dictator benito mussolini decided to expand its colonial empire in africa and take over the opium. by that time, e z o b o was the only fully independent state on the continent. back in 1896. its inhabitants were able, said this the valiant colonists and defend their independence. since then. rome craved for revenge for the humiliating defeat. in the morning of october, 3, 1935. without any announcement, the foxes attacked ethiopia and bombarded it most severely. d. d o b an armed forces bod, courageously. but the roots allergy of the italians knew no bounds. they use not only massive bombing attacks on civilians, but also chemical weapons, toxic gases. this change the course of the war. as a result of the occupation of ethiopia, by the fastest 760000 people were killed. the capture of the african state was committed with europe's tacit approval. britain and france recognize the annexation, giving the green light to a further fastest expansion in the world. 10 paving the way for the outbreak of world war 2. th

the answer is, will be the, [000:00:00;00] the 1935 passes italy, led by dictator benito mussolini decided to expand its colonial empire in africa and take over the opium. by that time, e v o b o was the only fully independent state on the continent. back in 1896. its inhabitants were able to defeat via daily and colonists, and defend their independence. since then. rome craved for revenge for the humiliating defeat. in the morning of october 3, 1935. without any announcement, the foxes attacked e b o. b a and bombarded it most severely. d. d o. b, an armed forces bod, courageously. but the roots allergy. volumes knew no bounds. they use not only massive bombing attacks on civilians, but also chemical weapons, toxic gases. this change the course of the war. as a result of the to patient via, by the fastest 760000 people were killed. the capture of the african state was committed with europe's tacit approval. britain and france recognize the annexation, giving the green light to further fastest expansion in the world, and paving the way for the outbreak of world war 2. the voltage was the p

he saw mussolini, who had just been, i think, executed and hung, and he was hanging from a chain int sure, but i used to spend a lot of time talking about the war stories. and so for me, that was very helpful. i got that direct link to the second world war, whereas a young people today haven't that direct link. haven't got that direct link. they had, know, they might have had, you know, dads afghanistan or iraq. but dads in afghanistan or iraq. but let's second let's remember the second world war a big war. you know, it war was a big war. you know, it was millions of people killed. do you think we've still our young people sort of don't understand wars as much today? >> had that direct >> yeah. and i had that direct link with the second world war through well. and through my granddad as well. and of course, the younger generations don't have that. so that's why it's extremely important for people like me to be in the university his and to educate young people about military history and that's why we need military history to be a central part of history. courses in universities and a

he saw mussolini, who had just been, i think, executed and hung, and he was hanging from a chain int sure, but i used to spend a lot of time talking about the war stories. and so for me, that was very helpful. i got that direct link to the second world war, whereas a young people today haven't that direct link. haven't got that direct link. they had, know, they might have had, you know, dads afghanistan or iraq. but dads in afghanistan or iraq. but let's second let's remember the second world war a big war. you know, it war was a big war. you know, it was millions of people killed. do you think we've still our young people sort of don't understand wars as much today? >> had that direct >> yeah. and i had that direct link with the second world war through well. and through my granddad as well. and of course, the younger generations don't have that. so that's why it's extremely important for people like me to be in the university his and to educate young people about military history and that's why we need military history to be a central part of history. courses in universities and a

. >> what mussolini did and hitler did invocations of vile lnt rhetoric. gangs beating up immigrants, jews, minorities infested the entire body politics so that violence became a part of regular politics. even the opposition had to use violence. so part of the idea is, and this is what we're talking about today. using violent rhetoric is to intimidate people from criticizing it. so one reason that republicans don't criticize it, is they're afraid it will be turned against them. precisely why he uses it and precisely why fascists and authoritarianisms use it and it become as tool of their politics. that's the very, very dark vision that we're moving towards. >> jonathan, do you look, i mean, can you conjure up examples where -- where it gets this far and there's an off ramp? are you optimistic? >> look, you couldn't do this work, i would say, and i think also one of the best in the field agree you can't do this work if you're not optimistic. but you've got to hope for the best and plan for the worst. that's why at adl we are ferociously bipartisan and looki

mussolini also talked about people coming over the border, spreading communism and diseases.ng points and in today's version, it's got like two vectors, one is the great replacement theory, which the neofascists prime minister of italy, she calls it ethnic substitution. you know, immigrants coming into annihilate us and there are people like in the philippines and in el salvador, who focused on immigrants as crime and drugs. so trumps, these latest comments, he has something for everyone because there is all of this in their. it's extremely dangerous. >> this is not just a theoretical matter, the ap is suggesting this could be a glimpse into a second trump presidency, are they right? >> i was interviewed for the article because we want to ask why are people saying these things? why is he saying it and why is he saying it now? the playbook is to get people into a state of terror and make them feel they are ex- essentially threatened. that's what trump wants to do, here he proved he can do it on january 6, is to get the american people to change the way they view violence. they

let's ask ruth ben-ghiat, she's a history professor at nyu, and an author of strongmen, from mussoliniresent. ruth, what does this fight over ukraine aid tell you about how some members of the republican party view democracy period? >> yeah, this is, it is very revealing, because they held out for what they most prioritized, and that was not giving aid to ukraine. and alicia, as you know, i see the gop, unfortunately now, as an authoritarian party. and, if it had its own foreign policy, acts like this show us that it is an authoritarian party, allied with autocracies around the world. it is not interested in supporting democracies, nor democracy at home. it is interested, seemingly, in helping putin, although there are some republicans who don't feel that way, the fact that this got through, under those terms, says a great deal about the priorities of the gop, at this time. >> i'm not sure if you heard the conversation i was just having with david jolly, who of course is a former republican member of the house of representatives, about the fact that he would argue, kevin mccarthy is as

he knew the lessons after world war ii, of what to do when you bend people like hitler, and mussolinihat he's talking about. and in that speech, he lived through the cold war, and then, 1962, he was 20 years old, he watched jon kennedy deal with a cuban missile crisis and watch the biggest lesson from that. the lesson is that kennedy himself said later on, that was a crisis that unless kennedy kept it managed, and made sure that there were no false signals by the americans to the soviets, without that, it could have spiraled like world war i into a conflict that could've killed tens of millions of people. in this case, in a single nuclear exchange. joe biden, this is the stuff that he's written in the history book. these are things he's been thinking about and experiencing for half the century. >> lived experience. imagine that. the atlantic has highlighted how president biden's trip to rael is the second time a u.s. president traveled to an active war zone. not controlled by his own military. i know that you know this, but the first president to do that was also joe biden when he tra

mussolini, supreme in italy from 1920 to put it bluntly, every thing within this date, nothing outside the state, nothing against the states. stalin in power from 1924 began his great series of plans for the entire country from turkey to china and saudi arabia, all of them took government into quarters and it never before penetrated, even france and belgium were rampant interventionists. to those who slight the coolidge area as an early version of looking out for number one, paul johnson has a review. this new material advance was not philistine as the popular historiography of the 1920s. middle-class intellectuals are a little too inclined against poor people acquiring for the first time material possessions. especially luxuries of a kind they, themselves, have always taken for granted. in a democratic and self appreciating society like united states, when more buddy becomes available the first priority for local governments and for families is to spend it on more and better education. that is really what happened in the 1920s. total education spending in the united states rose four f

mussolini, supreme in italy since 1922, put it bluntly. everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state. stalin, in power from 1924, began his great series of of your plans for the entire country. from turkey and china to saudi arabia, said mr. johnson, all of them to government into the corners of the countries so that it never before penetrated. even france and belgium were rampant interventionists. to those who slightly coolidge era as an early version of looking out for number one, paul johnson has a rebuke. this new material advance was not as philistine as the popular historiography of the 1920s has it. middle-class intellectuals are little too inclined against poor people inquiring for the first time material possessions, and especially luxuries. of the kind they themselves have always taken for granted. in a democratic and self improving society like the united states, when more money becomes available the first priority for both local governments and for families is to spend it on more and better

you look at stone and mussolini they target the same types of people people with a religious and familyvalues and parents didn't want to see their children -- labeled by the state and it seems like this is a party that worships the state above all else. i wonder if you see the parallels there? thank t you. >> what i see and what i ride about is the relationship between the date -- breakup of the family and the welfare state to the welfare state as we know it has arisen largely in response to the trends that i'm describing because it comes in two bank roll broken homes. it comes in to be a political superad daddy in homes without a daddy. inso this way the decline of the family and the rise of the welfare state perpetuating each other and that again it's not the way we are used to thinking about the welfare state but it is the bedrock underneath when we talk about why we need these social programs. i'm not a libertarian here but there's a level in which those two things connect to. >> has the state become a new religion? >> certainly, it's not the state that things that people use to get

look at hitler or stalin or mussolini, they targeted the same types of people, people with religious values, family values, people, democratic principals, parents, wanting the parental rights, didn't want to see their children mutilated by the state and it seems like this is a party that worships the state above all else and i wonder if you see the parallels there. >> guest: what i see and what i write about is the relationship tween the crackup of the family and the welfare state. the welfare state as we know it has arisen largely in response to the trends that i'm describing. it comes in to bankroll broken homes. it comes to be a political super daddy in homes without a daddy. in this way, we see the decline and the family and the rise of the welfare state perpetuating each other. that is not the way we are used to thinking about the welfare state but it is the bedrock underneath we talk about why we need social programs. i'm not being a libertarian here but that to me is the deepest level. >> host: has the state become our new religion? >> guest: certainly, if not the state, then

he also wrote a letter to mussolini praising him, praising people along with that political ideologytue , do i have to write, you statue, do i have to write, you know , i'd like a little know, i'd like a little explainer . explainer. >> give me an explainer. exactly. i want an informed experience . experience. >> mandela that's unquestionably great figure. unquestionably great figure. unquestionably great figure. unquestionably great figure. nelson mandela , great figure. nelson mandela, obviously, you know, at times there was violent action that was used to try get their was used to try to get their cause across, which was used by the group he involved the group that he was involved in. do have that? do we have in. do we have that? do we have do mandela? what's really important is >> what's really important is who gets to pick this is the worry. the worry . who worry. this is the worry. who gets control what gets who gets to control what you , who control you think, who gets to control what and what's really what you know and what's really important. back. an important. i go back. i

was drawn up in the wake of the second world war to make sure that we never again had hitler's and mussolinike sure that in other countries that people in other countries brought their standards up to our it wasn't that we our country. it wasn't that we needed keeping in line. we didn't . it needed keeping in line. we didn't. it was needed keeping in line. we didn't . it was other countries didn't. it was other countries who course, he'd be who did. of course, he'd be turning in his grave. it's absolutely it is absolutely appalling. and it is only going to get worse by 2050. it's estimated that we'll have about muslims in this about 13 plus muslims in this country. now, some of them are very law abiding. obviously, they are. et cetera. et cetera. >> it's the radical element. which which which radical? which i understand. does that understand. and that does that does on, by the way. does bring me on, by the way. that does bring me on to another issue. we're going to talking issue. we're going to be talking about later, which is about a bit later, which is about a bit later, which is about int