he also came to represent the national confederation of hibakusha organizations. 2, yamaguchi became the first a-bomb survivor to speak at the united nations. >> yamaguchi also traveled extensively around the world to spread the message. in the united states, he met people who had a completely different way of thinking about the atomic bombings. >> at the head of it, it said sergeant virgil sell. he is dead. if we had missiles back then, we probably would have had our brother here. >> in 1989, a u.s. navy vessel entered the port of nagasaki. yamaguchi and others suspected it might carry nuclear missiles. so they protested what would amount to a violation of japan's principle not to admit nuclear weapons on its territory. but their protests fell on deaf ears. >> during his final years, he became increasingly pessimistic about the prospect of abolishing nuclear weapons. >> when he passed away, another survivor was ready to follow in his footsteps. he was 16 when the bomb was opped. he w delivering mail on his cycle. s back tk the brt of the blt. and seven nths in spi

up next, national park service historian mark maloy described the events of april 12th, 1861, when confederate guns around the harbor opened fire on fort supporter. this top is part of a symposium on the war in the east hosted by the emerging civil war blog. >> welcome back to the emerging civil war virtual symposium. glad to have you with us. my name is chris mackowski. our next speaker today comes to us from our sister site, emerging revolutionary war. mark maloy is a historian with the national parks service. this is the civil war, mark. so we decided we would let him come talk about for sometime because it's as close as we can get in the war to the revolutionary war era. i say all that because mark is a delightful historian and wonderful guy. i wish i could get him to laugh on you. is most distinctive feature is his laugh, which we love to get him pumped up and going. we are delighted to have him today to speak about the first shots of the civil war at fort sumner. mark? >> >> thank you very much for that introduction, chris. [laughs] it's a pleasure to be able to speak at this symposium f

of past that remind them of the system that they wanted to hold on to here recently in our nation, the confederateagain. you ask yourself a question and this is another thing, why are there people in this nation determined to hold on to an emblem of something that represents hatred and slavery? the battle hasn't changed. but the playing field has changed, the platform has changed, the process has changed. what has happened is that there is a denial of the reality that people of colour experience in this nation. and so we are proud of our son. i would not be ok if he decided to shrink back. he can't shrink back now. gentle tales of african american manhood are rarely reported, but they're the norm. and while both the candidates for president say they want to banish racial injustice, bruce franks says he won't wait for others to act — his own son's future is on the line. i want a lot of the things that's happening with police, when you talk about police and black men and black women, i don't want it to affect him, although we know it is inevitable, right? ijust got to make sure he equipped for it an

national cemetery. there were 15,000 confederate soldiers buried here. in 1868 general john logan established decoration day, which he declared may 30th of every year. the idea was that throughout the country people would visit the graves of the civil war fallen and placed flowers on their graves. decoration day eventually became memorial day. it became so popular that in 1873, quartermaster general montgomery meigs held to decoration day ceremonies, and at the time it became a small venue. every year thousands of people would show up to arlington. one year we found that 25,000 people showed up to decorate the graves, so in 1913 congress authorize this memorial amphitheater where we are standing. and in 1950, is part of the laying of the cornerstone, this memorial boxes placed by would will resume. he laid the first stone and that now brings us to the memorabilia box in its history. >> so in the amphitheater began construction in 1950, the construction dragged on for about five years. an mp theater was actually dedicated in 1920. the building has largely

that decision they would join the new confederate government and invite the national capital to be removed to the city of richmond, virginia. butler takes command and virginia leaves the union. during this, three brave individuals -- baker, calson, mallory, would steal a ship, go across the chesapeake bay, present themselves at the gate of the american soldiers and say we are a runaway slaves seeking to be refugees and protection. they were invited into the fort. the next day, butler interviewed the three individuals and he found out that these individuals were being used for the use of the confederate army to build trenches and to do chores around the confederate camp. that same day, the owners of these individual slaves came to retrieve them citing the fugitive slave act, which was the law of the land in the united states which said, if you had a runaway slave, you buy law had to return them to their owners. benjamin butler being the lawyer that he was in his former life said this, so, you're quoting united states law. my understanding is that the state of virginia has left the union. un

most important of his nation al articles of confederation for the current constitution that came into effect. during that time those ordinances go up to 1784. the legislation if passed would have had great impact because it would have prohibited the extension of slavery into any western territories of the united states after 1800. again, it would have made a serious difference. but the ordinance of 1784 failed to pass by one vote. by in any case it was significant for two reasons. first, in the long run it raised the principal for which many future attacks on slavery would rest. and that is at the spread of slavery could and should be limited by the government. and secondly, in the short run it infired the act three years later of 1787 that banned slavery. . this was the old northwest. and so the enactment prevented slavery from ever being established in the old northwest, that is ohio, indiana, and illinois. and jefferson, i think, must be given credit for that legislation. on the other hand, jefferson folks listen because there is always an "on the other hand." in this case if he is

recently in our nation the confederate flag became a issue again. tle hasn't changed. but the playing field has changed, the platform has changed, the process has changed. what has happened is that there is a denial of the reality that people of colour experience in this nation. and so, we are proud of our son. i would not be ok if he decided to shrink back. he can't shrink back now. gentle tales of african—american manhood rarely reported but they are the norm. and while both the candidates for president say they want to banish racial injustice, bruce franks says he will not wait for others to act. his own son's future is on the line. i want a lot of the things that's happened with police when you talk about police and black men, black women, i don't want that affecting him although we know it is inevitable, right? ijust got to make sure he's equipped for it and he ready for it. i'm not fearful because i teach him how to love and what love is and how to have love for his people. while many african—americans feel marginalised, perhaps no community is

on -- as works of art, what happens if we see them in a national context rather than bifurcated into regional southern, northern, and confederate stories. and what cultural readings we can read from them beyond the meaning of the civil war. those are all enormous contributions and we are also looking forward to talking to you about some of the individual monuments. but especially for those in the audience who are not trained in the field, it might help to first ask to lay some of the context. what is interesting and important about civil war monuments and memorials and what is it you think historians at a moment like today when they are the site of public debate, what do historians have to bring to this conversation? i guess that's a roundabout way of saying you ended up writing this book at the perfect time. what drew you to it in the first place and what is it you think these historical perspectives help us understand about the landscape all around us? thomas: thank you and thanks to both of you for the invitation to be on. i've been working on this for a long time and had no expectation it would be such a topic of public int

confederate p.o.w.s died. derek maxfield talks about the conditions at the prison and some of the officers in charge. afterwards, national park service historian describes the events of april 12th, 1861 when confederate guns around the harbor opened fire on ft. sumpter. and later, the loudoun valley campaign, a series of skirmishes. elmira opened in july of 1864 after other union prisons were at capacity. almost 3,000 confederate p.o.w.s died at the camp from disease, exposure to the elements or malnutrition. derek maxfield talks about the

national government. it is a long story, but the short version is that the government they were existing under, the articles of confederation, was failing. congress did not have enough power, they cannot regulate commerce, they could not tax, instead they had to ask the states for money. it was operating more like a league of nations of 13 different countries as opposed to one united states of america. >> is that how the articles of confederation were used? >> so the articles of confederation required unanimity in order to change anything, you are never going to get that, rhode island was always the stinker they always held out. [laughter] it is a very different change from we these 13 sovereign states, all of whom have our own rules to, we the people, that was a huge change to have popular sovereignty. a big function of the constitutional convention was creating and instilling the national government that we now know. >> we the people, so, knowing that we alluded to have slavery denies the humanity of people, where in the constitution is slavery mentioned? is it mentioned, do they say anything about slaves? >> yeah, it is

secretary esper continues to serve the nation at the pleasure of the president esper is helping members of congress draft legislation that would strip the names of confederateaders from military bases, a move that could put him further at odds with the president. >>> the coronavirus pandemic is not taking an election pause the nation reported over 120,000 new cases for the first time that's according to an nbc news tally. the latest numbers eclipse wednesday's previous day record by nearly 16,000 that marks the second day in a row this country has reported over 100,000 cases. >>> and just as final presidential votes are counted, the virus is surging in key battleground state pennsylvania, georgia, and north carolina all recording more than 2,000 cases in a single day. the news comes as the u.s. still holds the lead for the highest number of coronavirus cases an deaths worldwide with more than 9.f million infections and over 236,000 fatalities. >>> the nfl is cracking down on the las vegas raiders fining the team and jon gruden $600,000 and took away draft picks. with this the raiders are the first team to lose a draft pick as a punishment for violating coro

national cemetery. by the end of the civil war there were 15,000 union and confederate soldiers buried here and general john logan. established decoration day, which he declared may 30 of every year. the idea that was throughout the country people would visit the graves and place flowers. decoration day became memorial day. it became so popular that in 1873, quartermaster general montgomery meigs designed decoration day ceremonies. in time that became such a small venue, because every year thousands of people would show up to arlington. one year we found that 25,000 showed up to decorate the graves. so, in 1913 congress authorized this memorial we are standing in. in 1950 as part of the laying of the cornerstone, this memorabilia box was placed by woodrow wilson. he laid the first stone which now brings us to the memorabilia box and its history. ms. smith: when the memorial amphitheater began construction in 1915, construction dragged on for about five years. the amphitheater was actually dedicated in 1920. the building has largely been the same for 100 years. but there has been overtime several modifi

up next national park services story in mark maloy describes the mental april 12, 1861, when confederate guns around the harbor opened fire on something. it's a symposium on the warren east, hosted by the emergency bill war blog. >> welcome back to the emergence of a war symposium, great to have you with us my name is chris mackowski. our next speaker today comes to us, actually from our sister site emerging revolutionary war. mark maloy it's a historian with a national park service and he's like what can i do that's revolutionary war? and i said, mark know this is a civil war. so we decided we would let him come talk about fort sumter because it's the closest we can get to the war to the revolutionary era. mark is a delightful historian, a wonderful guy, i wish i could get him to laugh on cue. the most distinctive feature that we are like is his laugh. but we are delighted to have him, and he came here today to speak about the first shots of the civil war act fort sumter. mark. >> thank you very much for that introduction, chris. and it's a pleasure to be able to speak out this symposiu

national secretary. by the end of the civil war, there were 15,000 union and confederate soldiers buried here, and in 1868, general john logan who come under the grand army of the republic, the civil war veterans organization established decoration day, which he declared may 30th of every year as decoration day at the idea was throughout the country people would visit the graves of the civil war fall in and place flowers on those grace. and a decoration day eventually became a memorial day, it became so popular, that in 1873, quartermaster general montgomery makes, designed a small amphitheater near the arlington house to kind of hold the festivity decoration day ceremonies. in time, that became such a small venue because every year thousands of people would show up to arlington, and one year, we found that 25,000 people showed up to decorate the graves so in 1913 congress authorized this memorial amphitheater that we are standing in, and in 1950, as part of the leg of the cornerstone, this memorabilia box was placed by president woodrow wilson. using us some -- lay the first stone, and that now brings us

it was built for the union dead, the nation's loyal citizens, and for them only. harvard's confederateead were given no place at that memorial space. it is a place of triumph, and frank about it. a few decades after the war was over, when this reconciliation movement was underway, frederick douglass found that he needed to remind people that there had been a right side to the civil war and a wrong side. for him, hadn, gone too far. the memorial does not forget such things. it insists that neither the confederacy nor its soldiers --e any claim on the still. whenever i read the bostonians, i am stirred by basil's openhearted notion. and when i step inside memorial hall, i remember that during the academic year of 1909 to 1910, an equally fictional mississippian would have had to enter that building three times a day prof. gorra: there are other doors to the dining hall, he would not always have to walk past that line of dead union names. seemaybe sometimes he did some southerner who had died in the north, what would he have made of him? the sender the fury began as a short story about ch

remember they said sit was just about confederate statues, then the founding fault terse. first they needle for the nationaly want to replace it. police reform became defunding the police. gun control turned into gun grabbing. the mob smells blood after the redskins folded. and your favorite could be next. let's look at what could be on the chopping block. the kansas city chiefs could be toast. they have wouldn't super bowl last season. they probably won't cave anytime soon. if the dallas cowboys change their name the league is over. the cowboys killed a lot of indians and stolal lot of indian -- stole a lot of indian' lands. the oakland raider is a pirate. they participated in the slave trade. but they also looted sow the left may like that. what about the minnesota vikings. as a native warrior from north america is an offensive mascot isn't a native warrior from north america too. maybe the blonds air makes the difference. the new england patriots could be deemed offensive. the left doesn't seem that proud these days. a red, white and blue low dough, a caricature of an american revolutionary. these patrio

most important, of his national act and as it came during the period of confederation, that's before the current constitution went into effect, that during the time jefferson devised a bill, known as the ordinance of 1784. this piece of legislature, if past would've had a potentially great impact, because it would have prohibited the extension of slavery into any of the western territories of the united states after 1800. again, this would made a serious difference. but the ordinance of 1784, failed to pass by a margin of one vote. but in any case, the proposal was significant for two reasons first, in the long run it raised a principle of which many future attacks on slavery would rest. that is that the spread of slavery could and should be limited by the federal government. which was the basis of the three sole doctrine of the antebellum years. and secondly, it inspired and act three years later, the northwest ordinance of 1787. which bent slavery, in the northwest. and we're not talking about oregon and washington, so the enactment prevented slavery, from ever being established in

afterwards, national park service historian describes the events of april 12th, 1861 when confederate guns around the harbor opened fire on ft. sumpter. and later, the loudoun valley campaign, a series of skirmishes. elmira opened in july of 1864 after other union prisons were at capacity. almost 3,000 confederate p.o.w.s died at the camp from disease, exposure to the elements or malnutrition. derek maxfield talks about the conditions at the prison and some of the officers in charge. this talk was part of a symposium on the war in the east hosted by the civil war blog. >> hello, and welcome to the emerging civil war virtual symposium. i'm editor in chief of emerging civil war. delighted to have you with us. our first speaker today is derek maxfield. fr it earned fame at the courthouse. derek has recently earned fame for his brand-new book as part of the emerging civil war series. it's called hellmira, prisoner of war camp. please welcome derek maxfield. >> thank you very much. i'm very pleased to be here to talk about my latest project. you know, prisoner of war camps have been a surp

up next, national park service historian mark maloy described the events of april 12th, 1861, when confederate guns around the harbor opened fire on fort supporter. this top is part of a symposium on the war in the east hosted by the emerging civil wab

up next, national parks service historian mark maloy describes the events of april 12th, 1861 when confederate guns open fire on fort sumter. this talk was part of a symposium on the war in the east hosting the civil war blog. >> welcome back to the emerging civil war, virtual symposium, glad to have you with us, my name is chris mccows key, the editor in chief of emerging civil war. our next speaker today comes to us from our sister site,

from one perspective, it is a war between two nations come up between the united states and confederatestates. that is the confederate perspective. from the other perspective, it is a war between the united states and traitors. in either case, the winner is the united states. it is us. we want the civil war. but we don't say that and why don't we say that? because looking back, not everyone feels affiliated with the winning side. here is a way to think about that that i think makes the point. you know the slide, that is our flag -- you know the flag, that is our flag. you know this flag. most people would think, that is our flag. that is the betsy ross flag. you know this flag. probably fewer of you would say that is our flag. some people would. even if you would not say that, you know that flag. but what about this? does anyone say, this is my flag? no. this is the fort sumter flag. this is the union flag in the civil war. i got a put on a mug to bring to my constitutional law class but i had to custom design at. -- custom designed it. you can get a 50 star flag on a mug easily. you ca

nation's fina ideal. address as only fraction of confederate symbols and bedded in the armed services, including 10 majory bases named after confederate leaders. this year, i led the effort in congress to finally remove the names of confederate soldiers .rom military property should come as no surprise that a majority of americans support this effort, as do active duty servicemembers and our military leaders. on his way out of office, president trump is threatening to block congress's effort to correct this injustice. he promised to veto any bill that renames bases. if he does, he would block pay raises for our service members, programs that support our troops and their families. this standoff and showdown by president trump is yet another example of his racially charged embrace of division. our military matters. this reflects the value our military is fighting for. bases honoring confederate leaders were designated during the height of the jim crow era, and these names continue to sow hatred and division. they are active symbols of intolerance. i earned my jump wing at fort benning, all bases honoring l

this is what was called the confederates like payroll, a document that is housed in the national archives here. there are thousands and thousands of them. what it shows is that women were counted among the slave holders whose enslaved people were impressed by the confederacy, but also those who were paid for the work that those enslaved men typically did. you have a lies sims listed. so is her son. you had marry their. let's see where i can take -- i can find the other one. when this also shows is that one of the things interesting that -- when people asking about the numbers -- they talk about how many are at their. i talk about the difficulties of coming to a precise quantity because of things like this. the fact that ella is listed not as ella but as he crosby makes it sometimes difficult to know the complete number of slave only women because of the fact they were often referred to only by their initials. so you are unable to identify whether they were women are not in some cases. that makes it difficult to come to a concrete number more broadly. it's just a hiccup along the way. neve

confederate statues. >> first of all, i do not believe any statute anywhere ever should be torn down by a mob. in my view that is not appropriate. a nationalonversation. we are beginning to about which statues of what individuals or what period of history are being examined. for my money, as i look at the spectrum, i would say that, for example, the confederate generals and admirals who took up arms against the united states of america, therefore, by definition traders, not only to their oath to support and defend the constitution of the united states, but also took up arms against their nation in defense of the system that included slavery's. i do not think they have statutes put up about them. i think that where there are such statutes and there are many of them throughout the country, i think that there is time to have a condition, probably coming to the conclusion as i have, put them in a museum. study the history of the civil war. it is a cautionary time for our times. they should not be glorified in our public places. on the other hand, we have our founding fathers. i am well aware of the instances that my fellow veteran points out,

nations which were complex in another themselves. for some, reaching union lines could be nearly impossible, or came with its own challenges. refugee women who escaped confederate territory did not simply do so because the emancipation proclamation gave them an disputable authority to do so. instead, they evaded detection of confederate troops and fought nearby residents willing to expose them. wartime emancipation sparked violent backlash among regional boundaries from those who maintained the view that african-americans burdened the nation and by every means should be returned to slavery or relegated to second-class citizenship. during the war and towards its end, maryland remained a point of contention for refugee women and slaveholders even after the state adopted a new constitution banning the practice of slavery. the fourth of vignette maryland. on 1864, just days prior to the new article of the constitution of maryland making slavery and legal, a woman sent a letter saying that her owner dr. as us use treated me badly, and this was my principal object of leaving. they informed me abraham lincoln could not free me and had no right to do so. along with sla

point on a confederate flag issue over national monuments. it blew apart the bill. members were afraid. literally if you were a republican, you would vote of the amendments however he wanted. he would always vote for the final republican bill. that was assumed. if you've got any thoughts about how to control the number of again,nts, number two, we have lots of republicans who won't for -- vote for republicans appropriations bills. if you have that, you can't move the bill. you can expect democrats to do the work it the republican morty is supposed to do. it's a problem in our party. again, i have no problem with people voting against bills that exceed what the budget cap is done. write the budget within our budget. -- bill within our budget. there's got to be some way with dealing with the number of amendments. i like individual bills. i agree. do you have any suggestions for how we avoid got you amendments? we do have to govern the country. that means the defense department needs to be funded. that means health and human services needs to be funded. you have a resp

she made national headlines in 2015 when she scaled the 30 foot flagpole at the south carolina state capitol to remove the confederateag after the massacre of eight prisoners and their pastor by white supremacists at the emanuel ame church in charleston. bree, we're going to begin with you. as we ended that last clip with kamala harris, i could only think about that metaphor of you scaling the flag saying "you come against me with hatred. i come against you in the name of god. this flag comes down today." harris ascended the stage. talk about your reaction. >> is undoubtedly an historic moment, right? i also see a lot of historical parallels right now. that ipeatedly saying think the central conflict in the united states is not -- has been this tension between white supremacy and this concept of having a multiracial democracy, where everyone is allowed to participate it. and i think that tension is continng to play outoday. we just ve t electioof the first woman vice psident, d black ce predent, woman o soutasian descent, a descdent oimmigrants. and so on eand, you have wh represes aga this ncept of mulracial mocracy

she made national headlines in 2015 when she scaled the 30-foot flagpole at the south carolina state capitol to remove the confederateg shortly after the massacre of eight african american parishioners and their pastor by a white supremacist at the emanuel ame church in charleston. when police ordered her down, she responded by saying -- >> "you come against me with hatred and oppression and violence, i come against you in the name of god. this flag comes down today." amy: you come against me with hatred, oppression, and violence. i come against you in the name of god. this flag comes down today, she said. i began by asking bree about her reaction to the election results. >> yes, i mean, it is undoubtedly a historic moment, right? i also see a lot of historical parallels right now. you know, i am repeatedly saying that i think that the central conflict in the united states is and has always been this tension between the ideogy of white supremacy and this concept of having a multiracial democracy where everyone is allowed to participate in it. and i think that tension is continuing to play out today. you know, of cour

nations. it's a war between the united states of america and the confederate states of america that is the confederate perspective from the other perspective, it's a war between the united states and traders. but in either case, the winner is the united states. it is us. we won the civil war. but we don't say that. and why don't we say that? because looking back, not everyone feels affiliated with the winning side. and here's a way to think about that, that i think makes the point. you know this flag, right? that is our flag. and you know this flag. and most people would also think that is our flag, right? that's the betsy ross flag. and you know this flag. and probably fewer of you would say that's our flag. that's my flag. some people would. even if you wouldn't say that, though, you know that flag. but what about this? does anyone say this is my flag? no. but what is this? this is the ft. sumter flag. this is the union flag in the civil war. i got it put on a mug to bring to my constitutional law class. but i had to custom design it so you can get an american 50-star flag on a mug, very easily. you