german anti-nazis were the first victims.ers swelled to include citizens of all the nations of europe. their fate is described. >> i commanded auschwitz on the 1st of december 1943 and estimate that at least 2.5 million victims were executed and exterminated there by gassing and burning. at least another half million have come to starvation and disease, making the total dead about three million. included among the executed and burned were approximately 20,000 russian prisoners of war, the remainder of the total number included about 100,000 german jews and great numbers of citizens from holland, france, belgium, poland, hungary, czechoslovakia, greece and other countries. >> medical experiments, too, were standard procedure at many concentration camps. these included lowering the body temperature to 28 degrees centigrade, high altitude tests in pressure chambers, -- experiments with poison diseases and even sterilization experiments. this was genocide, the premeditated destruction of entire people. genocide, the direct result

the nazis lose no opportunity to insult the jews. but she also says that there is no way that this guy can become a chancellor of germany. she sees that antisemitism is essential to nazi ideology. she can't imagine, in 1931, that he is going to become chancellor of germany. this is a good representation of how americans thought about hitler's early on. some of them saw a real danger and understood his appeal to germans at the time. but others thought that there's no way that he would last. you see both of those things and thompson's article. one of the most interesting projects the museum launched years before the exhibition, two and a half years before the exhibition, opened. it is called history unfolded. it is a crowd sourced website where we asked students and history bumps throughout the country to go into their local newspapers, their non digitized newspapers in their local historical societies and libraries and archives, and look for coverage of nazism. what we found is that americans across the country could have had access t

nurse >> i am a nazi spy. i am one of thousands stationed in every part of the united states to steal the secrets of your national defense. there are five stations in all of the navy area of brooklyn, philadelphia, newport. there are nazi agents in airplanes in factories, buffalo, seattle, washington. united states inspector is one of the secrets for the german nor's nurse spies. a trial in the united states several cord, first brought to the attention of a startled nation, it is amazing danger to its safety and freedom. >> so even as americans are thinking about nazism and the threat of nazism in 1939, they are worried about nazis here, nazi spies on our shores. and you see jay at gore hoover, here, the head of the fbi, writing in popular magazines like derek magazine here, about stamping out despise. by the time we go to war, you will see posters like this with warnings from the fbi about spies or lower the united states. and we were fascinated to find, reported in the washington post, that the fbi was getti

regime, who now had to defend a nazi war. criminal proceedings were ruling on dusty behind. if i was a real shock for everyone involved, basically all of the lawyers because they'd never suspected the dimension of the crime. but action nish, they didn't know the extent of the atrocities committed at auschwitz, birkenau. she stood tall back in both us. my father certainly didn't. it was conducted with the so many germans only learned the full extent of the nazis crimes during the trial, including those committed by nicholas fox father. so i have the feeling that he was rightfully charged them for these because i saw photos of the corpses of the concentration camps, including the bodies of children who were my age at the time. and that shocked me because it only said underneath them, poland, i thought poland belong to us, the funk family. my oldest brother norman saw the photos and he went to our mother and said, mom, if the photos are real, dad doesn't stand a chance of. you can, you show us on october 1st, 1946, the verdicts

for alfred toma an avowed opponent of the nazi regime who now had to defend a nazi war criminal the proceedings were grueling on him and to dust behind. if i was a real shock for everyone involved basically all of the lawyers. because they'd never suspected the dimension of the crimes. but ition. nish. they didn't know the extent of the atrocities committed at auschwitz birkenau she stood tall back and both. my father certainly didn't and it was conducted with the so many germans only learned the full extent of the nazis crimes during the trial including those committed by nicholas franks father. so i have the feeling that he was rightfully charged them for these because i saw photos of the corpses of the concentration camps including the bodies of children who were my age at the time and that shocked me because it only said underneath them poland i thought poland belong to us the funk family my oldest brother norman saw the photos and he went to our mother and said mom if the photos are real dad doesn't stand a chance of you can you show us. on october 1st 1946 the verdicts were announced of t

the allies were compiling lists of wanted nazi figures. gradually, the net was closing around the 3rd reich. slade is non-si. germany's most prominent anti semite trying to pretend to be a painter in bavaria. but he was recognised by chance by a us officer. robert ly. the head of the german labor front had grown a beard to avoid detection, but that didn't get him very far. the arrested nazi leaders were taken to the bad monday off internment camp in luxembourg. the americans compared the detainees in the former palace hotel to garbage. calling it camp ash can care. mongering was among 86, 3rd reich dignitaries, held prisoner and interrogated in bad monday off. he reportedly said that this might have been an appropriate way to treat what he called historical personages, but only he was really big enough to face judgment. it was a sentiment that hitler's other ministers, military and party leaders probably wouldn't have objected to. on june 22nd, investigators processed him and gearing just like any other suspected criminal in bad mond, off

the horrors of nazi germany could end where they began. within 3 months, room 600 was transformed into a perfect stage for the international tribunal to create space needed for hundreds of spectators and journalists. the rear wall was removed. the allies agreed to initially tried 24 of the most prominent suspected war criminals. they were brought to nuremberg from various internment camps while detained. they were subject to strict regulations. speaking was only permitted during interrogations. there were also fears that fanatical nazis might attempt to free them. back in bad mond, off hammond, during had already aligned most of his fellow prisoners to his defense strategy. we saw nothing and we knew nothing. the murdering of jews had been himmler's affair going, claimed, killing children. he said was unsportsmanlike and ungentlemanly. let's make it brief. he added, i take responsibility for everything, the government has done. robert jackson and his team had by now moved into offices in the palace of justice and were questioning the accus

they weren't interested in the fate of the nazi leadership. in may when rice marshall, hermann goering was taken prisoner in austria. it became clear that this war was not going to end the way those in the history books had. gurning had been certain, the americans would accept him as negotiator. but then he had to surrender his pistol and was arrested even then, during still believe the victorious allies couldn't govern germany without him being charged with a crime, seemed completely out of the question. american reporters were allowed to interview goering. he used his skill in chan to set himself apart from the realities of the war. he claimed to have fallen out with hitler some time earlier. if he'd known what was happening in the concentration camps, he said he would have taken vigorous action. he wanted to be now after him is there a number of the net which of course is interesting because i have selected donet that i've done it to be it successful. never really accepted that and you could sense sort of a feeling of upstaging. he was stil

who now had to defend a nazi war criminal the proceedings were grueling and to dust the ha. i was a real shock for everyone involved basically all of the lawyers. because they'd never suspected the dimension of the crime. but. nish. they didn't know the extent of the atrocities committed at auschwitz. show talk back in both us my father certainly did and. it was conducted with the so many germans only learned the full extent of the nazis crimes during the trial including those committed by mick last clunks father. just to prove up so i have the feeling that he was rightfully charge them for these because i saw photos of the corpses of the concentration camps including the bodies of children who were my age at the time and that shocked me because it only said underneath them poland i thought poland belong to us the funk family my oldest brother norman saw the photos and he went to our mother and said mom if the photos are real dad doesn't stand a chance of you can you show us. on october 1st 1946 the verdicts were announced of the accused 3 were acquitted 3 received lifetime

the allies were compiling lists of wanted nazi figures. gradually, the net was closing around the 3rd reich. slade is non-si . germany's most prominent pretended to be a painter in bavaria. but he was recognised by chance by a us officer. robert lined the head of the german labor front, had grown a beard to avoid detection, but that didn't get him very far. be arrested. nancy leaders were taken to the bad monday off internment camp in luxembourg. the americans compared the detainees in the former palace hotel to garbage. calling it camp ash can kim and gurning was among 86, 3rd reich dignitaries, held prisoner and interrogated in bag monday off. he reportedly said that this might have been an appropriate way to treat what he called historical personages, but only he was really big enough to face judgment. it was a sentiment that hitler's other ministers, military and party leaders probably wouldn't have objected to. on june 22nd, investigators processed hammond during just like any other suspected criminal. in bag of the drug addicted rank

here the nazis planned the persecution of political opponents and jews. few steps away a memorial commemorates the victims of national socialism. our final stop is the truly spots. it was the sight of many nazi spectacles of parades. and this is where i say goodbye to defeat. it now it's time for our weekly the may have slot. as you know, you can send us your travel videos if we show him here and check in this time loop for york has sent us a video of his educational trip to mexico. his visit to the famous mayan ruins of chichen itza and i have to admit, i really would have liked to come along. led the move. i'm going to play this hand art history and culture. i've already gotten to experience all those aspects of an education oriented holiday. now i'd like to find out more about munich's traditions and one that centuries old here involve spear, bring it and drinking it. well, everybody was nice to have you here. bring seminars, our offer to regularly. this one is being led by god of the munich brew mafia. first we hear what beer is made of water pops mal

to defend a nazi war criminal proceedings were ruling and to dust by. if i was a real shock for everyone involved basically all of the lawyers. because they'd never suspected the dimension of the crimes. but. nish. they didn't know the extent of the atrocities committed at auschwitz. stood tall back and doesn't pass my father certainly didn't and it was conducted with the so many germans only learned the full extent of the nazis crimes during the trial including those committed by mick last fox father. so i have the feeling that he was rightfully charged on through these because i saw photos of the corpses of the concentration camps including the bodies of children who were my age at the time and that shocked me because it only said underneath them poland i thought poland belong to us the funk family my oldest brother norman saw the photos and he went to our mother and said mom if the photos are real dad doesn't stand a chance of you can you show us. on october 1st 1946 the verdicts were announced of the accused 3 were acquitted 3 received lifetime sent

the horrors of nazi germany could end where they began. within 3 months, room $600.00 was transformed into a perfect stage for the international tribunal to create space needed for hundreds of spectators and journalists. the real wall was removed. the allies agreed to initially tried 24 of the most prominent suspected war criminals. they were brought to nuremberg from various internment camps while detained. they were subject to strict regulations. speaking was only permitted during interrogations. there were also fears that fanatical nazis might attempt to free them. back in bad model of ham and during had already aligned most of his fellow prisoners to his defense strategy. we saw nothing and we knew nothing. the murdering of jews had been himmler's affair going claimed, killing children. he said was unsportsmanlike and ungentlemanly. let's make it brief, he added, i take responsibility for everything. the government has done. robert jackson and his team had by now moved into offices in the palace of justice and were questioning the accu

the horrors of nazi germany could end where they began. within 3 months, room 600 was transformed into a perfect stage for the international tribunal to create space needed for hundreds of spectators and journalists. the rear wall was removed. the allies agreed to initially tried 24 of the most prominent suspected war criminals. they were brought to nuremberg from various internment camps while detained. they were subject to strict regulations. speaking was only permitted during interrogations. there were also fears that fanatical nazis might attempt to free them. back in bad mando of hammond during had already aligned most of his fellow prisoners to his defense strategy. we saw nothing and we knew nothing. the murdering of jews had been himmler's affair going claimed, killing children. he said was unsportsmanlike and ungentlemanly. let's make it brief. he added, i take responsibility for everything, the government has done. robert jackson and his team had by now moved into offices in the palace of justice and were questioning the accused.

the country was a haven for escaped nazis. largely because one prone wanted to use them bolster and help his state. one, prone just to give you the idea of who won prone is, he said that the nuremburg trials would force the atrocity of justice -- that's who he was. -- he was provided i.d.s, passports, job, money, a whole life when he arrived in argentina. eventually brought his wife, via, and his three sons to argentina with him and was living free. so let's move on to the people who were actually involved in bringing him to justice. the first person i would like to mention, one of the important ones is this individual here. simon. now we all have this idea or many of you may have simon as this important, famous, historic nazi hunter. but imagine someone who's in the in 1945. he was the former architect. he had no police experience. he stumbled out of a concentration camp with less than 100 pounds, he was a big, guy more than ten feet all -- six feet tall. you had a very keen member of all the guards names, all the various det

phinney, i nazis, and it's renovated then. perhaps it can be better used for civilian sports purposes . that's why my opinions divided on the part of the nazi party rally complex is the unfinished congress hall. the structure is reminiscent of rome's coliseum and would have posted $50000.00 people. it's one of the largest preserved national socialist buildings today is house is the documentation center which offers visit his insight into the history of the complex ones is dismissed. it's important for us to make the stones tall, supporting, and that's how this means explaining the history behind these buildings. so self being transparent and always insisting on never again. and as our lesson from this history and on guiding people through the story with all the information we have for not so many 75 years after the end of the war. nuremberg snotty party rally ground stand as a somber reminder of germany's past. its stones will continue to serve as a warning to generations. finally, exhibition opening despite corunna of the mag

the nuremberg trials in the german president takes part in mmemorations of the prosecutions of top nazi officials that help lay the foundations of the international criminal court. also on the program -- a german drug company and its u.s. partner seek emergency approval of their coronavirus vaccine in the united states. if successful, the companies say they could be sending out the shots within hours. armenia begins handing over disputed territory to azerbaijan. ♪ i'm phil gayle. welcome to the program. 75 years ago today, the trials opened in nuremberg of high ranking members of the nazi dictatorship. today, a ceremony took place commemorating the historic event, including witnesses from the time. the judicial proceedings with the first of their kind. the nuremberg trials sought to hold individuals to account instead of punishing an entire country and laid the foundations of today's international criminal court in the hague. >> 20th, 1945, many leading nazi figures had gone intoiding or committed suicide, including hier' but for the first time in history, the rulers of a country had to

friends collected evidence of nazi war crimes. in the trials, he brought charges against more than 20 men for murdering a 1000000 people. in his indictment, however, he stressed that he didn't want revenge vengeance. and she hoped in a balance the scales of justice. on the one hand, i'm not 22000 and 0, you know, i haven't got a 1000000 victims. so he can't be down here when you know you reach out to us in a situation like this, the legs arms were murdered, they use, you know, worries on the green that are coming. that's all the call up to now you can share, you know, his act out receipts of marriage, security cameras, on a city we can make that a crime. and that is a crime, not against the redskins. it's a crime against your mind. and the trials ended in 1988 with guilty verdicts for the 22 defendants. but friends didn't stop there. he continued to fight for justice and push to establish an international criminal court. that court became a reality in 1908 at a conference in rome. ferenc was there. actually i began saying, i have

friends, collected evidence of nazi war crimes. in the trials, he brought charges against more than 20 men for murdering a 1000000 people. in his indictment however, he stressed that he didn't want revenge vengeance. i sure hope cannot balance the scales of justice. on the one hand, i'm not 20 minutes. oh yeah, i haven't got a 1000000 break them. so he can't be down here when nobody justice in a situation like this new elections were murdered. they huge, you know, worries on the screen there are common. that's all the call out there to hear if you will. now you can share those acts out receipts of the order to cure them or understand it. we can make that a crime and that is a crime, not against the redskins. it's a crime against your mind. the trials ended in 1988 with guilty verdicts for the 22 defendants. but france didn't stop there. he continued to fight for justice and push to establish an international criminal court. that court became a reality in 1908 at a conference in rome. ferenc was there. actually, i began saying, i ha

watching news coming up reporter crime and punishment nazis on trial. in berlin for me and the team thanks so much for watching. where i come from we have to fight for a free press and was born and raised to me telling a painter should put just one to the shadow and if you just pay for us one official information as a journalist i have walked off the streets of many counters and they have problems are almost the same forward to social inequality a lack of the freedom of the press. corruption work on the farm to stay silent when it comes to the fans of the humans on seeing them live through foals who have decided to put their trust in us. my name is jenny paris and i work. germany in 1945 hitler was dead his nazi regime had taken the lives of 6000000 jews. the country's leading representatives were to be held accountable for their actions by an international military tribunal for the 1st time in world history. 24 high ranking nazis were charged and made to stand trial in the german city of moore and back to school with and then begin that process of new

the allies were compiling lists of wanted nazi figures. gradually, the net was closing around the 3rd reich. slade is non-si . germany's most prominent anti semite trying to pretend to be a painter in bavaria. but he was recognised by chance by a us officer. robert ly. the head of the german labor front had grown a beard to avoid detection, but that didn't get him very far. the arrested nazi leaders were taken to the bad mundo of internment camp in luxembourg. the americans compared the detainees in the former palace hotel to garbage. calling it camp ash can cameron gurning was among 86 3rd reich dignitaries, held prisoner and interrogated in bad monday off. he reportedly said that this might have been an appropriate way to treat what he called historical personages, but only he was really big enough to face judgment. it was a sentiment that hitler's other ministers, military and party leaders probably wouldn't have objected to. on june 22nd, investigators processed him and during just like any other suspected criminal in bad mando off the

that's why my opinions divided on the part of the nazi party rallies. complex is the unfinished congress hall. the structure is reminiscent of rome's coliseum and would have hosted $50000.00 people. it's one of the largest preserve national socialist buildings today is house is the documentation center which office visit is insight into the history of the complex . and it's important for us to make the stones talk with supporting and this means explaining the history behind this building. so self being transparent and always insisting on never again. and as our lesson from this history lesson and on guiding people through the story with all the information we have for months on end, the 75 years after the end of the war. nazi party rally grounds stand as a somber reminder of germany's past. its stones will continue to serve as a warning for future generations. finally, exhibition opening despite corunna other but if the guggenheim in bilbao, where 60 works by the russian abstract painter vastly convince the are on display, the actual mission is extended

for alfred toma an avowed opponent of the nazi regime who now had to defend a nazi war criminal the proceedings were grueling on him and to dust behind. if i was a real shock for everyone involved basically all of the lawyers. because they'd never suspected the dimension of the crime. but action. nish. they didn't know the extent of the atrocities committed at auschwitz. stood tall back and doesn't pass my father certainly didn't and it was conducted with the so many germans only learned the full extent of the nazis crimes during the trial including those committed by mick last fox father. just to prove up so i have the feeling that he was rightfully charge them for these because i saw photos of the corpses of the concentration camps including the bodies of children who were my age at the time and that shocked me because it only said underneath them poland i thought poland belong to us the func family my oldest brother norman saw the photos and he went to our mother and said mom if the photos are real dad doesn't stand a chance can you show us. on october 1st 1946 the verdicts were announced of

friends collected evidence of nazi war crimes. in the trials, he brought charges against more than 20 men for murdering a 1000000 people. in his indictment however, he stressed that he didn't want revenge vengeance not question. how can i balance the scales of justice on the one hand, i'm not 20 minutes. oh, you know, i haven't got a 1000000 victims. so he can't be down here when you know you reach out to us in a situation like this, the next sums we learned, they use, you know, worries on their green, their common, that's all the call up there to see if you know, you can share those act out receipts of marriage secures america's uninsured. if we can make that a crime and that is a crime, not against the redskins, it's a crime against your mind. and the trials ended in 1948 with guilty verdicts for the 22 defendants. but friends didn't stop there. he continued to fight for justice and push to establish an international criminal court. that court became a reality in 1908 at a conference in rome. ferenc was there. actually, i began

here the nazis planned the persecution of political opponents and jews. a few steps away a memorial commemorates the victims of national socialism. our final stop is the splits. it was the sight of many nazi spectacles and parades and this is where i say goodbye to people. now it's time for our weekly b. may its lot. as you know, you can send us your travel videos. we sure are here and check in this time. good for york has sent us a video of his educational trip to mexico. he has visited the famous and i have to admit, i really would have liked to come along glenn, the mood like this. man, barge history and culture. i've already gotten to experience all those aspects of an education oriented holiday. now i'd like to find out more about munich's traditions and one that centuries old here involve spear brewing. it's and drinking it. well, everybody was nice to have you here. brewing seminars are offered here regularly. this one is being led by dolly of them of the munich brew mafia. first we hear what beer is made of water pipes. malt and east it smells a b

the nazi period in particular has left its mark on many cities in the country. and that includes munich. i want to know more about that. so i've decided to spend some time at the munich documentation center for the history of national socialism near the critics plots historian, doug walks me through the exhibition the how was munich important to the nazis and not an answer to this. one. munich was at the center of the national socialism. this is where the nazi party was founded. here i'm going from here, we have a photo from 1903. a few years after the party was found that it was the party leader by that. and it was here that he gave notoriety, became more and more popular. because here he speaking to 1800 people in munich be a whole those beer halls which are still popular today, offered hitler, a forum, an audience for his speeches. it's where he spoke to the masses and spread his racist and anti-semitic ideology. he didn't mention how does munich deal with all this today. the fact that this is where it started before you do stuff. in the meantime, as munich t

it was the sight of many nazi spectacles of parades. and this is where i say goodbye to defeat it. now it's time for our weekly the mate slot. as you know, you can send us your travel videos we showing here and check in this time for york has sent us a video of his educational trip to mexico. his visit to the famous mayan ruins of chichen itza. and i have to admit, i really would have liked to come along a lego movie. let's go to art history and culture. i've already gotten to experience all those aspects of an education oriented holiday. now i'd like to find out more about munich's traditions and one that centuries old here involve spear brewing it and drinking it. so everybody was nice to have you here. brewing seminars are offered here regularly. this one is being led by god. you wish to use them of the munich brew mafia. first we hear what beer is made of water pops malt and east. it smells a bit. rancid. doesn't it? get off of ok. now let's fill it up. then we start grinding our malt. we've got 3 kilos here and we need a strong muscular guy. that's me right here . so this is e

in the, 1930 s. an entire nazi administrative district was constructed in the area. it had 68 buildings and 6000 workers to allow me to fully understand the scale of things. the leaders shows me other places in the area which are also connected to the nazis. sorites. next door is the former fuel bowl, which housed hitler's office and those of his staff. today, it houses the university of music and performing arts munich. we continue along b. and i started to what is now the by the sheer luck, missed by the very end state bank and there i think it was when it was the fatal spot. originally stood on the spot that was a small palace for the family. and they don't talk about 1933. it became the guy stop oh headquarters. here the nazis planned the persecution of political opponents and jews. a few steps away. a memorial commemorates the victims of national socialism. our final stop is the community splits. it was the site of many nazi spectacles, the parades. and this is where i say goodbye to defeat it. now it's time for our weekly b. may it's lot. as you know, you can s

he survived the 1st world war as a child, then the nazi era, the 2nd world war. and he, i think really says it best in the book where he says that one of the reasons he's so supportive of syrian refugees in germany now is because he remembers being that starved a child in a war when he was a child. and someone helped him so he wants to, he wants to help the people that i can see you. you're very emotional about it. it's a very emotional summer is a phenomenal book. stay with us. scott though, because we want to talk about another book. it's a book of prize time and the winner this time it's going to a 1st time author, my very astute coach, judges, and i have chosen that standing when and that is so giving it a 20 book of price story. i'm absolutely stunned. i didn't expect a whole i'd like to 1st of all just thank my mother. i think i've been clear that my mother is in every page of this book and without her, i wouldn't be here and my work wouldn't be here to use. and so thank you. now doctors are getting very excited, of course, very happy. you're with scott jus

here the nazis planned the persecution of political opponents and jews. few steps away, a memorial commemorates the victims of national socialism. our final stop is the cuny spots. it was the site of many nazi spectacles, the parades. and this is where i say goodbye to defeat it. now it's time for our weekly be may, it's lot. as you know, you can send us your travel videos if we show him here and check in this time for york has sent us a video of his educational trip to mexico. he has visited the famous mayan ruins of chichen itza and i have to admit, i really would have liked to come along lead this man, charged history and culture. i've already gotten to experience all those aspects of an education oriented holiday. now i'd like to find out more about munich's traditions, and one that centuries old here involve spear brewing it's and drinking it. well, everybody, so it was nice to have you here. bring seminars, our offer to regularly. this one is being led by dobie, of them, of the munich brew mafia. first we hear what beer is made of water hops. malt a

nazi party rally grounds stand as a somber reminder of germany's past. its stones will continue to serve as a warning for future generations. finally, an exhibition opening despite corunna of the magnificent guggenheim in bilbao, where 60 works by the russian abstract painter, vasily convinced they are on display. the exhibition is extended until next may, because of a pandemic, as right now, only build ballons can visit museums. so let's view it from afar. i leave you with a taste of candids. get the guggenheim. what secrets lie behind? discover new adventures in 360 degree and explore the world heritage sites. world heritage 360. get me out now. can you hear me now? oh yes, we don't need you. and i last 2 years german chancellor will bring you an angle, a man called and you've never had to have a surprise yourself with what is possible. who is medical really what moves and want to talk to people who follow along the way. maurice and critics alike join us for metals last august. finding out how to use this clue to forget what has happened. the nice, i m

for alfred toma an avowed opponent of the nazi regime who now had to defend a nazi war criminal the proceedings were ruling on him and to dust behind. if i was a real shock for everyone involved basically all of the lawyers. because they'd never suspected the dimension of the crime if but action. nish. they didn't know the extent of the atrocities committed at auschwitz birkenau stood tall back in both us my father certainly didn't and it was conducted with the so many germans only learned the full extent of the nazis crimes during the trial including those committed by nicholas franks father. can prove up so i have the feeling that he was rightfully charged them for these because i saw photos of the corpses of the concentration camps like including the bodies of children who were my age at the time and that shocked me because it only said underneath them poland i thought poland belong to us the funk family my oldest brother norman saw the photos and he went to our mother and said mom if the photos are real dad doesn't stand a chance of you can you show us. on october 1st 1946 the verdicts were

many of the other big names in the nazi party had a ready disappeared by that point. or like at all, hitler had committed suicide. nuremberg was the site of the annual party rallies here, propaganda, events designed to showcase the nazis power. those who had once enjoyed the adulation of the crowds here at the rally grounds when now called to account for their actions a historical 1st. never before had the leaders of a state been forced to face trial for their actions. the germans were to be shown how a democracy works. alfred toma a retired judge was obliged by the americans to defend alfred always in bag. he was chosen because there weren't enough lawyers deemed sufficiently on the tainted cannot. tahan sometimes accompanied her father to the courtroom. it was a tense and oppressive atmosphere as far as i was concerned. and filled with the sense of disgrace. he oddny atmosphere. the charges leveled against the main war. criminals were conspiring against world peace planning and waging a war of aggression, war crimes and crimes against humanity. none of the defendant

nazis. the socialists and the communists hated each other. >> their council voted to kill them there was a riot they they got beat up, and the students around the university and the right were yelling thrown in the fjord that was a piece of the baltics sea and this was in february. you couldn't be in there except for a few minutes they threw him in. all he ever said about it was that he swims out. it was very traumatic. he ended up in berlin a few weeks later. the gestapo was after him. there was resist or in the underground. they were trying to get people to mobilize against the nazis. they were risking their lives every single minute. it was a terrible life. it did have an effect on him. this is obviously part of his motivation. at one point in your narrative, you quote the head of the british mi5. this after the case breaks and they caught fuchs. dick white says he was quote, relatively pure. meaning he was doing it for money. it was all ideology and he was angry as a physicist when he sa

that's why my opinions divided on the part of the nazi party rallies. complex is the unfinished congress hall. the structure is reminiscent of rome's colosseum. and what are posted 50000 people? it's one of the largest preserve national socialist buildings today. it houses the documentation center which office visit is insight into the history of the complex . and it's important for us to make the stones tall supporting. and this means explaining the history behind these buildings. so self being transparent and always insisting on never again. and as our lesson from this history lesson and on guiding people through the story with all the information we have from not so many 75 years after the end of the war. nazi party rally grounds stand as a somber reminder of germany's past. its stones will continue to serve as a warning to generations. finally, exhibition opening despite corunna. other board members are guggenheim in bilbao, where 60 works by the russian abstract painter vastly convinced the are on display . the actual mission is extended until next

with the nazi authorities and the post office overseen by a nazi official. joining that division and the red army on its march and then soon arrived in the baltic states and the ukraine. thousands upon thousands of citizens and who could not abide by the soviet domination making their way into germany third were the jewish survivors with the german officials when they realized they did not want those death camps to be discovered and they also needed more labor at home and the decision was made to relocate those that had survived the death camps in the labor camps in poland and the balkans to relocate them and death march them into germany where they wouldn't be gassed but worked to death in underground mines and factories these are the two groups that the journey into germany is different is that by their nationalities and they built facilities but what happened was in germany and the years following the day in these camps there were little ukraine's little jewish sentiments and from the beginning you and nra and the allies would separate out by nationality

if some of these displaced persons were nazi collaborators or fraud against the red army, so what if they joined the ss, they are anti-communist and we need them now. let's forget the past and move forward. this happens everywhere. a story i felt that stays with me. a group of minors in england, doesn't really matter, that the latvians get them in the minds have ss tattoos and threatened to go on strike. a labor government, labor government, ss soldiers, keep them out of the minds, put them in jobs where they don't have to take off their shirts or see their tattoos. in 1950, 1951 americans changed their regulations, or members of the ss. it is not a pretty picture. the country or congress or people on the street, congress is beset by cold war hysteria. >> i understand in the context of the time in the 1940s to early 50s, there does seem to be towards the end of the book a wave in the 1980s, or time goes by, 30 years later, simon reason fall -- simon wiesenthal becomes more well-known. i think of it during the reagan years. that is a function of time. i am curious how you read that. i

churchill in-style were still arguing for summary executions of nazi leaders. but the united states in particular, argued that they really needed to be a different process that not just another incident of victors exacting vengeance on the defeated. but a process that people, especially the germans would see is fair. and also process that we're certain, not only to punish nazi, germany's leaders for their crimes, but also to prevent those kinds of crimes from being committed in the future. as robert jacksons, the chief prosecutor for the us at nuremberg said, civilization couldn't avoid, afford to ignore such devastating crimes because it wouldn't survive their repetition. and so the u.s. argued that a trial, we give them the opportunity to present to of the world, the evidence of the crimes that were committed. and by giving the defendants to confront you don't want the evidence and giving the defendants the opportunity to defend themselves. it would be a process that would be seen as fair and what also set a legal precedent for the future. and why was nurembe

plus 75 years ago, the nazi war crime trials began in the norm back. they set a legal precedent on holding international leaders to account for their actions and laid the foundations for today. probable torts in the hello. i'm terry martin. good to have you with us. azerbaijan's army says it has entered the 1st of 3 districts to be handed back by armenia as part of a contentious peace accord. the russian brokered agreement ended weeks of fighting over the disputed region in the around nagorno-karabakh. let's take a look at that. the 6 week war killed thousands of people in the go in a car bucket that's nor many unpopulated region inside armenian backed forces later expanded their control over surrounding regions. but under the recent peace deal us about john has recaptured its lost territory and gained control of new regions shrinking the borders of nagorno. karabakh armenian troops must leave the regions they've lost control of by december. 1st, russian peacekeepers are being deployed to oversee the peace deal. earlier i spoke to d.w. correspondent, e

this is where the nazi party was founded. and here we have a photo from 1903. a few years after the party was found that it was the party leader by that. and it was here that he gave notoriety, became more and more popular. here he's speaking to 1800 people in munich, be a whole those beer halls which are still popular today, offered hitler, a forum and audience for his speeches. it's where he spoke to the masses and spread his racist and anti-semitic ideology. he didn't mention how does munich deal with all this today? the fact that this is where it started out in the meantime, i mean, it takes a very critical approach to this house is financed by the city. but the fact that munich was the birthplace of the city that gave rise to the nazi party is a topic that wasn't talked about for a long time before this documentation center has played a key role in breaking that silence. it is situated on the very place where what was known as the brown house once stood. that was the party headquarters. in the, 1930 s. an entire nazi administrative district was constructed

for alclad toma an avowed opponent of the nazi regime who now had to defend a nazi war criminal the proceedings were ruling on him and to dust behind. if i was a real shock for everyone involved basically all of the lawyers. because they'd never suspected the dimension of the crime. but action. nish. they didn't know the extent of the atrocities committed at auschwitz. stood tall back and doesn't pass my father certainly didn't. it was conducted with the so many germans only learned the full extent of the nazis crimes during the trial including those committed by nicholas kong's father. so i have the feeling that he was rightfully charged on these because i saw photos of the corpses of the concentration camps including the bodies of children who were my age at the time and that shocked me because it only said underneath them poland i thought poland belong to us the funk family my oldest brother norman saw the photos and he went to our mother and said mom if the photos are real dad doesn't stand a chance of you can you show us. on october 1st 1946 the verdicts were announced of the accused 3 wer

churchill and stalin were still arguing for summary executions of nazi leaders. but the united states in particular, argued that they really needed to be a different process that not just another incident of victors exacting vengeance on the defeated. but a process that people, especially germans would see is fair. and also crosses that we're certain not only to punish nazi germany's leaders for their crimes, but also to prevent those kinds of crimes from being committed in the future. as robert jackson's that she, prosecutor, for the us at nuremberg said, civilization couldn't avoid, afford to ignore such devastating crimes because it wouldn't survive their repetition. and so the us argued that a trial, we give them the opportunity to present to of the world, the evidence of the crimes that were committed. and by giving the defendants confronting them at the evidence and giving the defendants the opportunity to defend themselves. it would be a process that would be seen as fair, and we're also set a legal precedent for the future. and why was nuremberg chosen as

it is a scathing hate filled reaction to the nazis. not a day by day diary but little chunks that he had hidden 10 feet deep in his garden but was to put pen to paper heroic. >> like the diaries of victor klemperer? the linguistics professor also a heroic day by day account. martin: i don't think heroic is quite the word but yes it's a fascinating one. your question of inner immigration is a very important one because not every system allows that. the difference i think between actually nazi germany unless you are jewish, in which case you are doomed, but if you were a non-jewish german or a fascist in most fascist states immigration was a possibility. he didn't stick your neck out and he kept quiet and you would survive. under mao this was impossible, or stalin, you have to actively participate and voice your enthusiasm and you couldn't just withdraw. it was not an option. >> thank you. my question is about japan the becoming more and more right wing in the beginning of the andear war, so to speak, now that the japanese trying to sell

friends collected evidence of nazi war crimes. in the trials, he brought charges against more than 20 men for murdering a 1000000 people. in his indictment however, he stressed that he didn't want revenge vengeance. i sure hope cannot balance the scales and judge which on the one hand, i'm not 200, no, i haven't got a 1000000 votes. that said it can't be done. you know, no reach out to us in a situation like this new elections. we've learned that the unions, you know, we're on the screen. there are common this or that, call up there to see if you know you can share, you know, his act out through his use of the arctic security center. i said, if we can make that a crime and that is a crime, not it's sleaze. let's suppose it's a crime against your mind that the trials ended in 1988 with guilty verdicts for the 22 defendants. but france didn't stop there. he continued to fight for justice and push to establish an international criminal court. that court became a reality in 1908 at a conference in rome. ferenc was there through that r

there was a nazi party, there was hitler. in germany you could make the case, and there was some truth to it, that if you get rid of the nazi elements in the government, you get rid of nazidom, germany could be restored to a decent european country. after all, it was also the country of mozart and beethoven and goethe and all that. there was a real culprit, the nazi, the ss, the gestapo. in japan there was no equivalent of the nazi party, there was no hitler, there was no holocaust, in fact, even though there was enormous -- a huge -- enormous amount of killing, in china in particular, but also in southeast asia, but there was no deliberate systematic attempt to exterminate an entire people so there had to be another explanation. in japan the explanation was precisely -- it was a variant of prussianism. it was the spirit, the militarism, there was something deeply rotten about japanese culture. in germany you could de-nazify and revive the best of german culture, the belief of ignorant allies after the world war, there is som

the 4 victorious powers responded to the nazis once in a millennium crimes. with a once in a millennium trial. on nov 20th 194520 high ranking non-si leaders were brought by elevator to the court in room 600. the former rights marshall hermann goering willingly took on the role of most senior nazi. he was followed by a grand admiral cogburn. it's whom hitler had appointed as president, the rice in his will. and rudolf hess, former deputy, the defendants never showed the slightest remorse. it was part of their faults, their pride to insist that they were right all the time and would do it again. they stood accused of conspiracy to carry out wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. the defendants were ruthless ministers and fanatical ideologues, merciless military commanders and barbaric in forces of hitler's maniacal will. and of was the nuremberg palace of justice was a quipped with what was then state of beyond technology. on nov, 29th, 1945, the prosecution had,, a giant screen in stole. the court was shown document 24300 p. s., an authe

it was difficult to be brave and nazi, germany.you had to be prepared to die, you had to be prepared for pre-lou deal torture, and you had to withstand that, because naming no names. and it's not very accessible to, us it's a very german thing. not in the occupied countries many -- any criminal could die like a murder. but in germany it was arranged so that anymore nor would die like a criminal. and you wouldn't be celebrated after your death, your wife would turn your photograph around. your parents would told you, your children would be told -- >> that doesn't match today? >> no. germany found a very difficult to comp template. and that would stop people from physical courage and shame. [applause]

the nazi leaders prepared for their execution.hammond during asked to be shot, but his request was rejected. months earlier, he had made friends with an american guard, takes wheelus. the u.s. soldier was apparently willing to fetch going items from the luggage room in exchange for a signed photograph. the executions were scheduled for october 16th cell lines were kept on around the clock with the prisoners under constant observation. but during saw his chance, suddenly a guard saw him put an arm across his face and begin to gasp. he died within a few minutes. in his suicide note, going claim to have had the cyanide capsule within since his arrest. another one was later found in the luggage room. only a few journalists were allowed to report on the executions that night. and after great reporting from marin berg of a combined american network, i was an eyewitness to the execution of the flower of nazi down there in a 3370 which until sundown had been used by the soldiers for their basketball games. we found the execution chamber.

many of the other big names in the nazi party had of ready disappeared by that point. or like at all, hitler had committed suicide. nuremberg was the site of the annual party rallies, huge propaganda event designed to showcase the nazis power. those who had once enjoyed the adulation of the crowds, here at the rally grounds were now called to account for their actions a historical 1st. never before had the leaders of a state been forced to face trial for their actions. the germans were to be shown how a democracy works. alfred toma a retired judge was obliged by the americans to defend alfred always in bag. he was chosen because there weren't enough lawyers deemed sufficiently tainted, cannot tahan sometimes accompanied her father to the courtroom. it was a tense and oppressive atmosphere as far as i was concerned, and filled with the sense of disgrace. a good lad in the atmosphere. 1st, the charges leveled against the main war. criminals were conspiring against world peace planning and waging, a war of aggression, war crimes and crimes against humanity. the kind of mi