but will nixon accept it? nixon would not accept a pardon from gerald ford without a deal that took care of his papers and tapes. now, i have heard stories from people in the white house, both the ford and the nixon white house, that relate to this physical nightmare that gerald ford inherited, the papers and tapes of richard nixon, which were stored in closets, under stairwells. the famous white house tapes were apparently kept under a series of white house house, both the ford and the nixon white staircases and were in the very real process of deteriorating, plus they are a nightmare of legal nonsense. suppose richard nixon is charged with some sort of a crime, and suppose that leon jaworski decides he is going to subpoena some of these tapes from the white house? then it is gerald ford's decision whether the spiral -- special prosecutor gets the tapes. this nightmare is just not going to go away. ford's inclination is to put it all in a truck and said it out to san clemente. at that point in time, it was th

t nixon held t center en wrote nixon a memo.otw months we have been veoints behind humphrey and in those days you d not gain five ints ornht we will have to be boedo win. eris nothing ian think at isolr to put e governorf calornia on th ticke rald reagan. pas ere was a tremendo drive to get the goveorf lirnwhwa ienly pur and asoal consvave and th wanted put him on thtiet we didn't t rga becse the poll showed non ahead. d said we don't want to take aisk no bause we e ahead. e u ke seo w was noa gri so that is out new was chosen by xon. beusof tha incintn baimore t pressas outraged. would you thk you are dog? you just lost e election. i go upstairs and he sys let's watch thpress confence. soe and re watchin tv and the press goes after him and he isolding his own. d s bhan we he rselves. [laughter] so i had one morexperience i will tell you out. th is at the convti is imrtt wha eyes and ea athdemocratic convention so can you send me touchehicago? i will observe in the rising and years because in those days ty wouget out of the way

at richard nixon's side. remember when he lost the two elections the election in 60 and gubernatorial in 62 people wrote him off. they said richard nixon is:. he said this is my last press conference. not so. at about the same time a young man left columbia university joined the "st. louis post dispatch" became an editorial writer and along the way met richard nixon. that began a magnificent journey a magic carpet ride from nixes defeat through what nixon described as a wilderness years to the achievement of the highest office to the president of the united states and pat buchanan was with him every step of the way it is recorded in this great book once last week. this is the pacific coast launch the greatest comeback how richard -- "the greatest comeback" how richard nixon rose from defeat to create the new majority" and how he won the presidency. he spent every day strategizing, planning, and the first and eyewitness to their brilliance of the 307th president. please welcome pat buchanan. [applause] ♪ [appl

because nixon doesn't b want ford. ford. nixon wants john connolly. he wants john connolly the secretary of the treasury and would split with the democratic party. nixon feels a kinship with connolly. he wants connolly to run in 1976. everybody comes to him and says john connolly because of the milk scandal, john connolly because he's john connolly can't be confirmed. gerry ford is liked by everybody. he'll sail through. now laird says through, charles goodell says so. i also saw literature where nix on polled i believe it was nelson rockefeller and other people who you wouldn't think would be supporters of richard nixon. but the net was cast widely. everybody comes back with gerry ford. but who's number two? george bush. it wasn't his time yet. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> final question, bob. not part of the ford administration, but part of the ford story that sort of weird moment at the 1980 republican convention where there was a brief moment when ford might have become reagan's vice presidential running mate? but he wanted to run half of the ca

on that night, the nixon family went out to the sequoia. nixon's family, mrs.ixon of and his children, they on the sequoia. was r a while, the tape being released, the present will describe what he did. that is august 5. on august 6 -- he had decided days earlier eral -- when he goes in a cabinet meeting on that morning, he says he has no intention of leaving with his term is up in january 1977. that afternoon, nixon provides a particularly fixing description of the situation at that point. late that night, he gets to his on his d finds a note pillow. on the 7th, the family had a last dinner in the white house, in the solarium. the s kind of hidden by south portico, you cannot really see it. it is a room that is all glass walls. after that dinner, the president goes to the lincoln room to work. around midnight he caused his secretary ron ziegler to talk about some final arrangements for the next morning. >> we decided that night to go out for one last ride in the sequoia. rather eerie a ride. talked about everything, but what patricia has called -- talked about

but nixon held the center then i wrote nixon a memo. for two months we have been five points behind humphrey and in those days you do not gain five points overnight. we will have to be bolted to win. there is nothing i can think that is bolder to put the governor of california on the ticket, ronald reagan. pas there was a tremendous drive to get the governor of california who was immensely popular and a social conservative and they wanted to put him on the ticket. we didn't get reagan because the polls showed nixon ahead. and said we don't want to take a risk now because we are ahead. see you take someone who was not a big risk so that is out agnew was chosen by nixon. because of that incident in baltimore the press was outraged. would you thank you are doing? you just lost the election. so i go upstairs and he says let's watch the press conference. so he and dire watching tv and the press goes after him and he is holding his own. and to say buchanan we have ourselves. [laughter] so i had one more experience i will tell you about. that

nixon wasn't a quitter. i actual had the final section with a quote of his saying a man is in space when he is defeated and he is defeated had he is finished and i never quit. he was as down and out as a person could be. imagine the shame and horror of being driven out of office. but he didn't quit. i have some admiration for that. it would have crushed most people but he kept going >> i will elenor. as you say, this does show -- watergate does show the constitution would be upheld but i also feel that watergate, and probably coming after the vietnam war, or during the end of it, really kind of robbed us of respect for our institutions which, i think has been a very long running thing that opened the door for the problem is the government ideas that have been floated every since. in order words, ronald reagan and the current republican party. >> well that is a long way from there to here. in fact richard nixon was probably the last republican president who believed the government could do good things. he was

nixon wasn't a quitter. i actual had the final section with a quote of his saying a man is in space when he is defeated and he is defeated had he is finished and i never quit. he was as down and out as a person could be. imagine the shame and horror of being driven out of office. but he didn't quit. i have some admiration for that. it would have crushed most people but he kept going >> i will elenor. as you say, this does show -- watergate does show the constitution would be upheld but i also feel that watergate, and probably coming after the vietnam war, or during the end of it, really kind of robbed us of respect for our institutions which, i think has been a very long running thing that opened the door for the problem is the government ideas that have been floated every since. in order words, ronald reagan and the current republican party. >> well that is a long way from there to here. in fact richard nixon was probably the last republican president who believed the government could do good things. he was

nixon." frank gannon is very relaxed and provides insight that is a testament to the relationship that he had with nixon. i want to start off by asking you a little bit about that relationship. you were in the white house during the latter part of the nixon administration. what led you to the white house and to work for the 37th president of the united states? and i want to ask, before frank response, we are going to see photographs of frank, which will take them down memory lane and will provide cues to talking about his experience in the white house and with president nixon. and this is our first one. [laughter] >> just to wake everybody up. [laughter] >> this is pretty self-explanatory. i would directly to the white house from the adult entertainment industry. [laughter] this was the official -- everyone, when you joined the staff, you went down to the office and the photographer's office, and you got an official close of the photograph taken. this is my official publicity photograph. i h

one discussion featured former nixon adviser john dean author of "the nixon defense" what he knew andwhen he knew it and also the story of rick perlstein who wrote the invisible bridge. the fall of nixon and the rise of -- [inaudible conversations] >> good morning. it's a sunny day in miami. my name is pascal charlo. and the dean of the miami-dade college and it's an absolute pleasure to be with you for the 2014 miami book fair international. the book fair is grateful for the support of the knight foundation american airlines and many other generous supporters. we would also like to acknowledge special people in the audience today. friends of the book fair and i see some of you here. thank you for your continued support. [applause] today's presentation features two speakers that you know. we will reserve time for q&a. as you enter the would have been given an index card. please be certain to jot your questions down on the card and pass them to the right on this site and i guess to the right on that site as well. we will be collecting them throughout the program. lastly at this time we

that is one nixon has jumped in with both feet. the taping system comes out during the start of the cover-up of the cover-up when alex butterfield testifies and how hague the white house chief of staff has no idea that there was a voice-activated system. he knew nixon had taken a few people, principally made, but he did not know he had a voice-activated system. and hague just can't believe the president of the united states had every word recorded. for this political history as it happens i have probably the most remarkable primary source any author could ever have. i was able let me kind of wrap up my session on a couple of stories about the tapes. i am able to hear things. i couldn't listen because of the volume to every single conversation. i could immediately tell from my transcribers work if he or she was having any trouble. if it was a difficult conversation. if it was a good one i trusted it and that's something that was particularly important i would tend to look at that just to make sure i heard what they heard. but i ofte

the nixon. >> rose: nixon. >> oh, it was just one of a series of types of people he didn't like. he was a misanthrope and these were a select set of them. kissinger was aware of all of this. but nixon was kissinger's avenue to power. and mix son wanted somebody around him who he thought was as smart as he was because all of the other people. >> rose: he wanted to be a great man and he wanted -- >> so the relationship is like watching two spiders trapped in a bottle. you know,? >> rose: you said to him a great quote. you said he was a self-made man and a self destroyed man. >> yeah. he is really the great 20th century comic greek style comic character because he was quintessential american self-made man and self destroyed man to boot so he wrote his own punch line. >> rose: i once interviewed him and he said i know where you are going. i am not very into speckive. >> i am not very into perspective. >> yes he has .. psychological consultations along the way. which he may have told the doctor the same thing. clearly he was not the most reflect if the, self reflect if the of people y

the old nixon. >> i wrote a diary of being on the nixon campaign plane. came out just saying, what does he believe in? what does he care about? how can we trust him? i realize that the person i felt most related to was robert kennedy. >> i have traveled and i have listened to the young people of our nation. and felt their anger about the war that they are sent to fight, about the world that they are about to inherit. i am announcing, today, my candidacy for the presidency of the united states. [ applause ] >> eugene mccarthy clears the way and tests the water. but he wasn't the guy who was going to get there. bobby was going to get there. >> this nation must adopt a foreign policy which says clearly and distinctly, no more vietnams. [ applause ] >> you have the declaration of another rival candidate from within his own party, currents of anti-war sentiment are building up, and at the same time, the war is getting worse. i think if you're lyndon johnson, you feel you're being surrounded by a stampede. >> good evening, my fellow americans. tonight, i want t

the nixon in public, we are public and private, everyone had done impressions of the public nixon. tapes give an avenue into the private nixon. >> these ran in london before they ran here. what was the response? do they see nixon differently? >> they call him tricky dicky because it rhymes. i hear good reviews. the response was good. i was trying to figure it out. the brits learn their history through this rogues gallery of bizarre characters. >> thanks to shakespeare and others. >> they see nixon as another one of those. just uncrowned. >> a historical character who had power and experienced all of the flaws of humankind. >> yes. >> jealousy, rage. >> he is a flawed human. >> did david frost get involved? >> he saw the pilot. he came up and said if you ever do more of these i would love to be involved. you don't say no to sir david frost. when we got the pickup for more shows i said would you like to introduce them? he did a minute at the beginning of each show to tie the scene to nixon. it was a great privilege and honor to get that. an amazing guy. very smart. relentless. very e

nixon is such a gigantic character. he appears in 1949. we shared nixon. then michael focused on ford and the president after. >> nixon first reaches out to reagan who was one of mine in 1947. he says i want to have you come to washington and testify in front of the house. eisenhower, who was one of nancy's, was involved in the 1968 republican convention. he was behind the scenes helping reagan get organized as a supporter of reagan and as a candidate. they positioned themselves for 1968. that suggested the club had relationships long before some of the members were in the white house. >> how did you write this together? how long did it take? >> we had been working on it for better than four years. we could easily spend another four years. the stories are so rich. in a way, it is hard to stop the research and trying to get these stories onto the page. we would both pushed each other to set deadlines. i would draft a chapter and send it to michael. >> what about your personal situation? >> we have day jobs. i am an editor at "time" magazine. one thing we fo

why nixon? what is the fascination?he's the most interesting, as a character person to have high office at least in our lifetime. >> because? the intimacy of a personality can be contacted in the fold in the cerebrum. he had the most folds. he was not made for politics. to put it mildly. have a winning smile, he did mccain out with strangers. what i think drove him to the top of the griese's poll was this molten core of burning resentment. the resentment fuels the ambition. where i relate to him is we both grew up in southern california. i feel it a little bit. i think he felt it to a monumental degree, how privileged easterners are. they make the best contacts. they get the best jobs. he felt this. there is a scene in one of the episodes where he is talking to kissinger. he is profoundly moved. it is like a present day bother to him, that kennedy never invited him to a social event while he was in the white house. nobody says to him, kennedy is dead and you want. he didn't have the let it go team. >> i got 49% of the v

and nixon was a known rival of kennedy. >> right. >> was nixon interested in bringing in a kennedy guyrote the book. >> i know. >> you're telling me, i think by this point, the kennedy was the guy above the hill that he could never reach nixon. and to bring in somebody close to kennedy was a real odd bit of history. so i don't think that was it at all. >> if anybody comes, i got to finish up with selling this book, "the professor and the president," because it's great for anybody who loves politics and the way people relate to each other. but if you ever come to washington, you've already paid for it, please visit. all the museums are free. you paid for this with your tax dollars. come to washington and you'll appreciate the beautiful of pennsylvania avenue today. it used to be waffle shops and fire cracker stores, and now it's a beautiful champs elysee, like in france, it's gorgeous, because of pat moynihan. the book's called "the professor and the president." >>> up next, the torture debate. polls show people are fine with what the cia did after 9/11. could this be one the republican

he thought that nixon would be a little more progressive on integration than nixon ended up being butixon showed the southern strategy for him which was his strategy where he played to write -- white racial fears, that was not just a temporary electoral strategy to get elected. it was also a way of governing for nixon. he showed that with us for supreme court nominees where he nominated clement haynesworth who was infamous in the leaders of prince edward county virginia and the leaders of prince edward county. >> host: they close the schools rather than to integrate them. >> guest: they close the schools rather than to integrate them and they decided any judicial decision and after haynes was nomination was defeated nixon offered in great part due to ed brooke standing on the tenth floor and saying this person does not have a record to equal rights, a record that turned equal rights respectable and that is why we should vote him down. they did vote down haynesworth. and then the second one. >> host: i say mediocre because it was upheld. >> guest: the second one was harold carswell. ev

he thought that nixon would be a little more progressive on immigration than nixon ended up being.t nixon showed that the southern strategy for him, which was his strategy where he plays -- plated to white racial fears, that was not a temporary electoral strategy get elected it is also way of the governing for nixon. he showed that with his first supreme court nominee, where he nominated haynesworth who was infamous end i decided with the leaders of prince edward county in virginia and the leaders of prince edward county decided to shrek. >> host: officials? a close the school rather than integrate them. >> guest: and haynesworth sided with them in a judicial decision. and then go after haynesworth's nomination was defeated, nixon offered an even -- >> host: in great part due to ed brooks. >> guest: ed brooke standing on the senate floor and saying, this person does not have a record to equal rights, a record in terms of equal rights that's respectable. that's why we should vote him down. the senate did vote down a haynesworth, and then -- >> host: who is also a mediocre judge. tra

you can read that. >> it was nixon's article in foreign affairs previewing that. why don't we take some questions, raise your hand, wait for the microphone and keep it as concise as you can. hari harihan? >> so from then to now, we now have sanctions as a new weapon. i just want to know, what do you think about the efficacy of sanctions in terms of what it does to the target and the spillovers that it creates for the rest of the world. >> let me separate it into two parts into sanctions against individuals and economic sanctions. i am very uneasy about this concept of sanctions against individuals because always the first question that you have to ask as a policy maker is what are you trying to accomplish? and secondly, what's the conclusion of it? so i've been trying to accomplish some resistance to the government by punishing the people you are sanctionsing and what kind of international system do you have if every country goes around punishing individuals in other countries and supposing to something that we proved and then we would say, everybody from a to k i

nixon did that, johnson did that. i am not going to do that. and then the hostage crisis happened, and he had to do something. he did not know quite what to do. the argument at the white house and the pentagon was very much, if you are going to use military force, on the one side, use enough military force to accomplish your goal. if the goal is to go in there to liberate the hostages, great. will there be people killed in the effort? yes. at which carter turned to the point generals and said, you did not hear me, generals, i do not want anybody killed. at which point the two kernels colonels who were in charge of operation, the junior colonel said, did you hear what the president said? we cannot use force at all. he said do not listen to him. when we get out there we will do , what we have to do. they went with a presidential order to use no force, but determined if they had to they would use force. the other argument was -- what could the military to? supposing the military got up, get into tehran and they were the edge of liberating these pe

by nixon. because everybody thought that scoop jackson, a democrat, was going to be named secretary of defense, because nixon wanted one democrat in the cabinet. that was a huge scoop, and it ran in front pages. we got it on a sunday night, put it out for monday morning, and most papers couldn't get their own story. so they used our column on page one. >> why would bob ellsworth -- he was a congressman. why would he slip this to you? >> well, i asked him. i asked him if i could use his name as the source. and i asked him why he gave it to me, and he said, "i liked you. i wanted to help you out." there was no ulterior motive. reporters have to get people that are fond of them and want to help them out, as well as help themselves out by leaking information. >> i think he gave three or four reasons on why somebody would be a source and leak information. >> well, one more thing is to kill the story, because it became public. one is to ingratiate himself with the person, so he gets a good press. one

and michael gearhart discussed the 38th president's decision to pardon former president richard nixon and his relationship with attorney general edward leaving -- edward levy. you.ank good morning. as hank myers said, i am privileged to be the president and ceo of the national constitution center in is the only which institution in america chartered by congress to disseminate information about the u.s. constitution on a nonpartisan basis. what an inspiring charter that is. i am thrilled to be here at the for our ford symposium symposium on gerald ford. this is what we hope will be a series of collaborations with libraries across the country where we will join in theirrship to explore constitutional legacy. in partisan politics every person who serves as president makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the constitution, and the limits in places on governmental powers. i could not imagine a better than the one that we are going to talk about today. this panel is devoted to president ford domestic posit -- policy. theael gearhart is distinguished professor of law of nor

selfless pardon given to president nixon by president ford. were many people in the republican party, i know, levy''s that edward cowardly and cost ford the '76 election. from having heard him speak about edward levy and man that nse of the that was ford's view. that appointment was necessary even though he was and it didn't t damage his relationship with edward levy at all. story publiclyat before. but it says something about president ford as well as edward levy. >> there's another extremely significant nonpartisan decision that president ford made that contributed to his constitutional legacy and that's he appointment of justice stevens. we are privileged to be able to have a conversation with justice later today. michael, how unusual was it for a justice to choose based simply on the fact that he as considered the most professionally accomplished and able judge in the country, not because of his partisan politics nd what does that say about president ford? >> it says a great deal about president ford. a lot of presidents say that about the

but the president are mere mortals and nixon found that out when he had to leave. the president is not larger than the law. so, what then becomes a possible , somethingone of it mccain said the other day that i thought was wonderful. going to do he was as the new chair of the armed services committee was to call a series of hearings in which he was going to call in the very top thinkers on national security to have them debate about where we should go. that doesn't mean these guys make the law or policy but influence. people can ask questions on the florida senate. i think that is wonderful. to 1966 when back that senator from arkansas had hearings on the vietnam war and china. -- 1966, recognizing -- he brought in all the scholars. at of the great professors harvard, he brought him down here and he was brilliant in how the chinese think of themselves and where they are in the world. his explanation was one under 80 degrees off -- 180 degrees off what was the common understanding of china. we were massively ignorant of what was going on there. and here was a smart

the democrats had been lacerating nixon for hardline policies, and then dÉtente came along, and thenne could not avoid the impression that some democrats thought, if nixon was for dÉtente, maybe a little confrontation wouldn't hurt. [laughter] >> not referring to a certain senator from the state of washington, are you? [laughter] >> so -- so it was -- but i think it also reflected a significant change within the republican party. when the dÉtente policy started, the rockefeller republicans were still a realistic force, and the republican -- the eastern establishment was considered to be maybe dominant or at least extremely influential in the republican party. in the period after that, the center of gravity of the republican party moved towards the west and towards a part of the american population that did not have the experience -- the experience of europe. and then also, the foreign policy that we represented was one of gradualism and of understanding historical evolution and using it to the maximum extent. the classically american approach is that a problem is definable, can be ex

in 1974, 26s nixon doing the pardoning. 1974, nixon pardoned william calley who had been convicted of his role in vietnam. at christmas in 1992, poppy bush pardoned. after prohibition ended, f.d.r. pardoned a man who was convicted under the prohibition laws. president taft, occasionally, issued pardons pause they didn't think a real crime had been committed. but, more aump, people are pardoned because a real crime was committed. the head of the national american civil liberties union, carried out by the george w. bush administration, documented by the senate intelligence committee today, in the case of torture, anthony rumera, the executive director of the aclu, proposes that george w. bush should be pardoned. they should be pardoned for crimes relating to torture. they should be pardoned because torture is a crime. as long as it is documented and nobody gets pros cue itted for it, that weakens the sentence that realistically, it is legal. at least pardon them so america is on the record naming what they did as criminal. joining us now for the interview is anthony rumera, executive di

i've got a quote here from president nixon in proposing this plan.ederal government build a foundation under the income of every american family with dependent children that cannot care for itself and wherever in america that family may live. i cannot imagine a republican in today's age proposing a similar program. how did this clap collaboration come about and how did they end up with this result? >> that is the story of the book. it takes about a sunday afternoon to read it. it's a small book. >> give us the highlights. >> it comes about in part because of the remarkable friendship that developed between these two opposite people. theed onnest couple, perhaps, in american politics. and i think pat won over the president, both with his wit, with his knowledge, with his education. the minute he was appointed, he started to send the president these massive -- these massive memoranda. the sort no president ever received. they weren't one-liners. they were complicated and complex. they were, in a sense, intellectual to intellectual. you know what? the p

dole is thought of as closer to nixon than i ever was. but i remember cloakroom conversations between us about that. and the amazement of the things that came out. >> your both amazed? >> i am sure he was. i know i was. but they just called out one after the other. did never ended. terrible time. >> the tapes -- were you astonished when you heard tapes existed? >> honestly, i think every president before him had had some sort of taping system. kennedy did. johnson i was not outraged at that. no. no, i wasn't. but it proved to be the ultimate downfall of richard nixon. i was interested to see now that ronald reagan diaries are being released, have been released but i am astonished ronald reagan kept that diary daily. i saw those diaries. he never let me read them except one case, but those diaries were written in longhand in leather bound books. they weren't loose-leaf books they were leather bound books and there were rows and rows and dozens of them. some day, they'll all be published. it must be the most important important and thorough

the democrats had been nixon for -- for hard-line policies. they talked him along.and one cannot avoid the impression that some democrats was voted on -- maybe a little confrontation wouldn't hurt. [laughter] >> you're not referring to a certain senator from washington, are you? it it was -- i think ultimately inflicted significant change within the republican party. when they started, the still a ans were force, and the eastern establishment was to be maybe dominant. the he period after that, republican party moved -- and towards a part of the american not have the at do experience of eastern europe. then, also, the foreign-policy that one of gradualism and of understanding historical evolution and using it to the maximum extent. the classically american approach is that a problem is definable, can be expressed in a program, the program can be given a time limit, and if you cannot do it that way, then somebody is violating basic premises of american policy. so the idea of bringing the confrontation with the soviet union to some colossal ideological conclusion -- an

can dick nixon asked the president to do something to show some spine toward cuba and the embargo was the stuff that was taken. i think there is a little truth in advertising to begin. i am not a cuba specialist will study the u.s. cuban relationship. what i would like to spend about 30 minutes doing now is focusing upon what intrigues me most about washington's policy toward and that is the mental software we use to undergird our policy. that is what the book is about -- what it attempts to explain is what everyone agrees is a dysfunctional policy. first, as will blitzer says on the "situation room" -- we have some breaking news. i want to talk a little bit about what president obama did it yesterday. he announced the relaxation of the u.s. embargo on cuba. this is an embargo that began in october of 1960 and was instituted by president eisenhower just a few days before the election between richard nixon and john kennedy. candidate nixon asked the president to do something to show some spine toward cuba and the embargo was the stuff that was taken. obama, yesterday, relaxed the embar

richard nixon, 1969 to 1974. it was maintained that mrs. nixon represented the average woman.at do we think about that? >> who put that forth? >> they just purposely, nixon, even winning he wasn't the most popular of individuals. when he campaigned, he actually said whatever you think of me, we all can agree that pat would be a wonderful first lady. [laughter] it's an odd thing to say. but she was a lovely woman, a friendly woman who wasn't used nearly to the effect she could have been by the white house because they just didn't understand her charm and the value and the power that she had. so they trotted her out as a symbol of the average housewife. sort of tried to mold her into this look or this image. she's just like you. >> and you think of when nixon talked about her republican cloth coach, you know, that she was not the kind of person who was in a fancy fur coat. and then you compare that to all of the reports about mrs. kennedy shopping and spending tens of thousands of dollars so that mrs. kennedy said, "i would have had to buy sable underwear to spend that much mone

kennedy ran to the right of richard nixon on communism in 1960. yes, sir. >> it's a double barreled question for governor weld. the first barrel is that i have probably handful of friends that i can tolerate who describe themselves as libertarians. but none of them has ever been able to describe to me how being a libertarian is consistent with being interested in being in government. so that's the first question. second question is, on your remark that paying taxes is somehow coercive, and my question is, how is that more coercive than the grover nordqvist philosophy and that of all the republicans who signed his pledge never to have any taxes when our infrastructure is tending toward third world status and we need to do things that are good proposals, including private-public, which is probably going to lose the republicans a senator toal seat they could have had in north carolina because the republican candidate is being undercut. so, how is refusing to raise a tax less coercive on the population. >> i got it. i got it. on the first barrel, i th

candidate nixon asked the president to do something to show some spine toward cuba and the embargo was the step that was taken. i think there's a little truth in advertising to begin. i am not a cuba specialist. i study the u.s.-cheaper relationship. what i would like to spend about 30 minutes doing now is focusing upon what intrigues me most about washington's policy toward cuba. that is the mental software we use to undergird our policy. and that's what the book is about. what it attempts to explain is what everyone agrees is a dysfunctional policy. but first, as wolf blitzer says on "the situation room," we have some breaking news. i want to talk about what president obama did yesterday. he announced a relaxation of the u.s. embargo of cuba. this is an embargo that began in october, 1960. it was instituted by president eisenhower just a few days before the election between richard nixon and john kennedy. candidate nixon asked the president to do something to show some spine toward cuba and the embargo was the step that was taken. president obama yesterday relaxed the embargo. the an

candidate nixon asked the president to do something to show some spine toward cuba and step thato was the was taken. [no audio] i think there is a little truth in advertising to begin. not a cuba specialist. i studied the u.s.-chiba relationship. what i would like to spend about 30 minutes doing now is focusing upon what intrigues me most about washington's policy toward cuba. that is the mental software we use to undergird our policy. and that's what the book is about. what it attempts to explain is what everyone agrees is a dysfunctional policy. but first, as wolfowitz or says we havesituation room," some breaking news. i want to talk about what president obama did yesterday. he announced a relaxation of the u.s. embargo of cuba. this began in october, 1960. it was instituted by president eisenhower just a few days before the election between richard nixon and john kennedy. candidate nixon asked the president to do something to show some spine toward cuba and the embargo was the step that was taken. president obama yesterday relaxed the embargo. the announcement was a product of sev

president nixon was the first one to have the menorah in the white house. and there are been conscious effort in the last couple of years has been made to include other religions. >> and we have white house pets. >> whenever your approval rating goes down, a white house pet is a good thing to have. >> nixon family pets on the left and the bush's dog milley on the right. and we have the cat and buddy. >> i think under the bushes, under george w. they started the internet videos that were all the rage of the first pets going around and wore little cameras and see the decorations from their point of view. >> it's a barney cam. >> and sonny and bo are really big and popular. >> a ribbon was used on each of the animals. but the children love them. >> and this is caroline kennedy's pony, macka reasony. >> there they are. >> and behind bo is a four-foot statue made out of 40,000 pipe cleaners. maybe they should have made bo out of pipe cleaners. >> they are are called bobots. >> and this is our last slide. >> and this represents what the white house is all about a

nixon didn't know it. he ordered aids to get their hands on everything having to do with the bomb involved once he is president. he said he wanted to do it because he thinks johnson called to help the election. but he didn't do it for that reason. the real reason in my opinion is nixon was trying to get whatever evidence the government had of his own wrongdoing. one of the aids told him there was a report on the bombing that was in the hands of prominent democrats who were working at the brooking institute and the washington think tank. nixon is furious and orders a break in the brooking institution in order to get the report. that is on tape. it is the only break-in we know that he ordered for sure because he ordered it on tape several times. in order to get this accomplished, he put together the special investigation unit and a former fbi agent and cia agent and people wondered about the cover-up because as far as we know he didn't order that. if he had not ordered a cover-up, a full investigation on the

richard nixon. we'll hear about the topics covered, including vietnam, china, watergate and nixon ease resignation. that's sunday night at 8:00 p.m. time here on american history tv. tv'sweek, american history reel america brings you archival that help tell the story of the 20th

i've been to the nixon events here before sponsored by the nixon library when i had other books to write publish. and now we wanted to have an opportunity, obviously, for lynne to present hers. it's a, as i say, it's a superb book about our nation's fourth president, and the plan is that i will ask her questions, and is she'll respond, and then at the end of that period of time, we'll open it up, take some questions from the the audience as well too. so with that, let me begin by asking why madison? what made you decide james madison needed another biography? >> well, before you get there, i want to say that i'm so grateful to dick for joining me on this book tour. i started referring to him as my arm candy. [laughter] you know, i've known, i've known i was interested in madison for a very long time. i had the privilege of serving on the bicentennial commission for the constitution in 1987, and it was then i first began to understand how magnificent madison's accomplishments were. and yet how little recognized he was in terms of what he had accomplished in his political life. it wasn't u

marina von neuman whitman, former economic advisor to president nixon. overall system needed to be reformed and overhauled and that in order to set the stage for that -- in order almost to get other countries' attention and force them to focus on the need to reform -- that step of closing the gold window, and thereby effectively ending the pegged-rate system, had to be taken. schoumacher: with no effective room to maneuver nixon broke from bretton woods. i have directed secretary connally to suspend temporarily the convertibility of the dollar into gold or other reserve assets, except in amounts and conditions determined to be in the interest of monetary stability and in the best interest of the united states. 40 years after the historic conference here economists and politicians still applaud the goals and the accomplishments of bretton woods. it was an historic undertaking to set up rules and procedures to promote world trade that would benefit all nations. many of the institutions and policies are still in service. but not the exchange rate system. it