the first reality is that north vietnam has attacked the independent nation of south vietnam. its object is total conquest. of course some of the people of south vietnam are participating in attack on their own government, but trained men and supplies, orders and arms, flow in a constant stream from north to south. this support is the heartbeat of the war. and it is a war of unparalleled brutality. simple farmers are the targets of assassination and kidnapping. women and children are strangled in the night because their men are loyal to their government. and helpless villages are ravaged by sneak attacks. large-scale raids are conducted on towns and terror strikes in the heart of cities. the confused nature of this conflict cannot mask the fact that it is the new face of an old enemy. over this war and all asia is another reality. the deepening shadow of communist china. the rulers in hanoi are urged on by peaking. this is a regime which has destroyed freedom in tibet, which has attacked india and has been condemned by the united nations for aggression in korea. it is a nation

south and north vietnam? peter: well, you just see the troops rolling down past the street now, and you can see they are north vietnamese troops led by north vietnamese officers and and controlled by the politburo in hanoi. they're the power in all of vietnam now there are some who talk about politics and participation. but in fact, the north vietnamese do control the country entirely. and they will determine the political future. jack: you mean in fact it is reunified today, if not in name? peter: in fact it has been reunified, of course. jack: the military might that is assembled here is worth noting. these combined weapons with china, the soviet union. plus all the weapons that american aid left behind. vietnam now has got the biggest military force in asia outside of china. the new government has been recognized by a number of diplomats. we have the chinese and the soviets. jim: these are the guns and the -- peter: these are the guns and the tanks that finally led to the great debacle. it took only 50 days

north vietnam responded by calling up more and more young men to fight.lt, this scene captured by an indian crew, became a daily event. the village is bidding farewell to its sons. they were among the estimated two million young north vietnamese men sent into battle. many headed to the battlefield after only three months of basic training. another scene filmed by the japanese agency. but there is no record of where the footage was taken. the documentation was lost. who are these village youths? what were they thinking as they headed off to battle? did they ever return home? 40 years after the guns fell silent, we went looking for these young men. >> april 2015, our crew begins in vietnam's capital of hanoi. our first interview is with doan, who is 66. during the war, north vietnamese authorities assigned him to act as an interpreter. two interpreters were assigned full time to the office. we asked him to view the film. it seems he hasn't seen it before. and he can't recall going on the shoot. but he thinks he knows who did. >> translator: it might have be

but in north vietnam, i don't think they're better than south vietnam people. they don't have enough food for eating, even in the north. and in the south, at the time we don't have enough food, we don't have enough medicine. we lack everything. in the first 10 years. the fuel, the kerosene for burning the lights at night and for cooking as well. we lacked that as well. at that time, nobody wanted to play with the communists. and the people in the south vietnam tried to get out. the western countries outside do not want to play with the communists. so finally the first year and the second year and the third year, we don't have anything left. that's why i was in there 10 years. the first 10 years is very terrible for the whole south vietnam people. after 10 years, it's a little bit better. in 1995, 20 years later, vietnam and the united states had a diplomatic relationship again. so from 1995, it got more improvement. >> we were glad you are able to finally make it to america. like most of the speakers here most ended up in kentucky. through a federal resettlement

china has so little influence on north vietnam and that calculation wasn't there. nixon had a big quagmire in vietnam and he saw from a larger perspective that may be mao would help him out. >> you described all the mistakes we have made along the way in dealing with china. today are we better off because of those mistakes? is the relationship any better? >> is the relationship better? the bridge is very narrow. when you cross the pacific, when you consider again china is one forth of humanity. we have the two largest economies on either side of the pacific. we share the same lake but look at the strong bridges that we have towards europe. look how much attention we pay to tiny little things like england and france and italy and how much we know in terms of bonds of education and language. we don't have that with china. the good news is is that we are doing better. there is a very wealthy gentleman by the name of stephen schwartzman in new york who runs blackrock. he reached in his very huge wallet and came up with a lot of money and started a program called the sch

look at what -- look at the fact north and south vietnam, we have a south. we did not invade the north. the north came and evaded us. the people just want to live in peace. with the south, with the south vietnamese people. just want to live in peace. they did not like we do that. and we have to stand up for ourselves. but, unfortunately, i think the battlefield is not in vietnam, here, in the united states. we lost the work because of everything to us. for years because no gas no fuel, no ammunition. so, of course, we lost the war. and the battlefield here in the united states. not in vietnam. the front line of the battlefield here in the united states. we lost the war because of -- starved, you know. while the north vietnamese from russia and china. nobody in his or her right mind would want to live under communism. and usually flee, that's why more than half of million. most people died trying to escape from communism. if they let people go freely the whole country could leave vietnam right now. except for the few thousand, or few hundred thousand. that reg

history tv an nbc special report, "communist saigon," reporting on the south vietnam capture by north vietnam forces. a detailed report at the end of the vietnam war. a report from 1975, communist saigon, on american history tv on c-span 3. >> you're watching american history tv. 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span 3. follow us on twitter @c-span history for information on the latest history news. >>> may 8th marked the 70th anniversary of ve day when germany surrendered to allied forces ending world war ii in europe. next, from the memorial in washington, d.c., a ceremony commemorating the victory. speakers include white house national security adviser susan rice and world war ii historian alex kershaw. and later following the ceremony a fly-over of the national mall with the planes flying in formation representing the major battles of world war ii from pearl harbor to the final air assault on japan. >> good morning. >> good morning. what a beautiful day today. on behalf of the national park service, welcome to the world war ii national memorial. it is my grea

the ho chi minh trail, a network of supply routes delivering weapons, food, and equipment from north vietnam to antigovernment forces in the south. he survived numerous u.s. air raids. >> translator: we disposed of bombs while single mindedly constructing the trail. back then, my mind was filled with nothing but hatred for america. >> reporter: after the war, having shed his military uniform, truong's anger gradually faded as he forged business partnerships with american firms. >> translator: the americans supported us in various ways, from management, to production control. after vietnam and the united states normalized diplomatic relations, we were no longer enemies. our relations have improved to those of friends, then partners. >> reporter: the war veteran hopes to expand the scope of his business with u.s. firms. his company is building four new factories in the suburbs of ho chi minh city and plans to recruit 15,000 new employees. vietnam and the united states are strengthening military ties, too. last month in vietnam, their navies held joint exercises for the sixth time. the u.s. sid

so could we have unleashed more bombing of north vietnam? absolutely. an american victory? that is the big question. because when richard nixon unleashed ferocious bombing of north vietnam in december of 1972, it did lead to the paris peace accords of january 1973. however, we could have had those results that we got in january a year and a half before, if the president had decided to accept those terms. charles is raising a fundamental issue -- the people who go out to fight have every reason to object that the decision coming down -- but they know that they salute and they do the job. they were not allowed to do the job as they see it. but at the same time, the president was deciding on a different course. we do follow the president. host: let's go back to that line for vietnam veterans, james is waiting in michigan. good morning. caller: yes, good morning. marvin kalb, an honor to speak to you. i'm all enough to remember when you were an active reporter. i retired from the air force in 1994. based on the previous segment, where there is so much contr

nbc news reports on the capture of south vietnam pots capital by north vietnamese communist forces. it details events in the weeks following the vietnam war. an nbc news special report from 1975 communist saigon, on american history tv on c-span3. >> each week, american history tv's reel america bring you archival films that tell the story of the 20 century. "the true glory" is a reduction of the office of war and information the british information -- british ministry of information, chronicling events from the d-day invasion until the east surrender of 1945. -- the nazi germany surrender of 1945. the film was digitally restored using software and a more tedious manual process to remove dirt, dust and scratches from

and north vietnam were one country that had been fighting the chinese for a thousand years. yet we thought the chinese were going to take them over. we didn't understand. i'm not sure we understand exactly what's going on today in the middle east. >> think is the most dangerous possible place to cover. i think it's more dangerous than vietnam. at least vietnam you had a safe place to go back to for all intense and purposes in saigon. but being an american or european correspondent in that area might as well throw big sign say "kidnap me" or "kill me" it's really tough. there's no independent reporting coming out of there at all. they're picking up all sorts of isis propaganda but that's not how you want to get your facts. >> people say weren't you afraid in vietnam. it was a war. and actually we were very safe in vietnam. we knew which highways were dangerous. we knew where not to go. there were no suicide bombers. we are in such a much more dangerous world in terms of reporting. those who have reported from syria have taken such enormous risks to tell a story. i thin

at 12 noon on april 30, and north vietnam ease tank broke the gate at the president's palace in saigon. they ran a revolution flag across the entry lawn. it was not a battle, but a celebration. [gunshots] >> the flag. hell's guards. there was no resistance from the palace guards. they were disarmed quietly and wind up on the grass, their weapons taken away. >> the summer, booktv will cover book festivals from around the country. next weekend, we are live at book expo america in new york city. in the beginning of june, we are live from the chicago tribune printing lit fest. near the end of june, watch for the annual roosevelt reading festival from the roosevelt presidential library.

lessons of education was a statement that was so vivid, so powerful -- "we are dropping bombs in north vietnaming in the ghettos and the barrios of america." how incredibly poetic. how incredibly powerful, the vision. he was saying to people, understand the relationship between the billions of dollars that are being spent to wage war and the inability to address the injustice that is taking place in the ghettos and the barrios of america, the issue of priorities. very powerful. but to me, the most powerful statement that shaped my life forever was this comment -- "peace is more than simply the absence of war; it is the presence of justice." [applause] i interpreted that to mean, wow the peace movement is the ultimate movement. peace is the superior idea, that the umbrella movement for -- of all movements, the peace movement. because to come together under the banner of he's, forces us to challenge all forms of injustice. i want you to consider this point. i don't make it in criticism. i make it simply as a matter that we must reflect upon, because i have come to this moment many times. suppose

few think there are american p.o.w.s held in north vietnam.s changed somewhat and a woman expressed what it's become to us earlier today. >> i feel like rolling thunder is as much of a living presence of the reminder of the people that really did give their all for a country they believed in they had patriotism. they had a love of god and family and country that is a really hard thing i think for younger generations to understand. that these were people that were willing to sacrifice all. >> still, the fundamental mission of rolling thunder is true to the spirit of this organization. some chapters have been active and spurring the return home of remains from soldiers from world war ii the korean war, vietnam, even if the remains are nothing more than a few bone fragments. the secretary of defense paid tribute to the organization for that. >> that is way of signifying that one of the many things that makes our military the greatest in the world is that we never, ever leave a comrade behind. >> reporter: and with an ongoing war on terrorism that

could we have unleashed more bombing of north vietnam? absolutely.lted in an american victory? that is the big question. when richard nixon unleashed ferocious bombing of north vietnam in december 1972, it did lead to the paris peace accords of january 1973. however, we could have had those results that we got in january one .5 years before, if the president had decided to accept those terms. the people who go out to fight have every reason to object that the decision coming down -- but they know that they salute and they do the job. they were not allowed to do the job as they saw it. at the same time, the president was deciding on a different course. we do follow the president. host: let's go back to that line for vietnam veterans, james is waiting in michigan. good morning. caller: good morning. marvin kalb, an honor to speak to you. i'm all enough to remember when you were in active reporter. i retired from the air force in 1994. there is so much controversy for medical care for veterans. i'm wondering if you are willing to throw your weight into

history tv an nbc special report, "communist saigon," reporting on the south vietnam capture by north vietnamport at the end of the vietnam war. a report from 1975, communist saigon, on american history tv on c-span 3. >> you're watching american history tv. 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span 3. follow us on twitter @c-span history for information on the latest history news. >>> may 8th marked the 70

johnson had to decide are we going to accept the loss of vietnam to the north, south vietnam and north. are we going to accept it and get the hell out of there or go in there heavy and win the damn war, or go somewhere in the middle. he decided to go somewhere in the middle and muddle through for x many years until we were all exhausted and we came home. what is the best selection? go in all the way, whatever that means, 100,000 troops on the ground. lindsey graham says 100,000 troops. go in and really try to win the battle, or pull the hell out, or something in the middle. and what's his name? mccain, john mccain says a few special forces troops on the ground will make the difference. >> those are the three options. and i've been wrestling with this all day. i think i'm on the pullout side. >> get the hell out. >> to go in heavy, it's going to take 200,000 or more. >> so let the beheadings continue there is a consequence here. >> well, if you're going to stop the beheadings, you can't just stop them in iraq. you've got to go into syria. you've goat to solve the syrian civil war. so wh

could we have unleashed more bombing of north vietnam? absolutely.hat the more bombing have resulted in an american victory? that is the big question. when richard nixon unleashed ferocious bombing of north vietnam in december 1972, it did lead to the paris peace accords of january 1973. however, we could have had those results that we got in january one .5 years before, if the president had decided to accept those terms. the people who go out to fight have every reason to object that the decision coming down -- but they know that they salute and they do the job. they were not allowed to do the job as they saw it. at the same time, the president was deciding on a different course. we do follow the president. host: let's go back to that line for vietnam veterans, james is waiting in michigan. good morning. caller: good morning. marvin kalb, an honor to speak to you. i'm all enough to remember when you were in active reporter. i retired from the air force in 1994. there is so much controversy for medical care for veterans. i'm wondering if you are will

a declaration and talents congress devoted up or down and congress declined to declare war on north vietnamre in multi-operation, what would -- military operation, what would happen? >> it is not unreasonable for the president to declare that congress is infringing on his independent executive authority. you could get to a broader discussion of this idea of presidential power is you cut into a situation where congress is going directly contrary to a military operation the president he willmilitary operation the president tries to participate in. >> i don't take the view congress cannot restrict at all. i'm suggesting congress doesn't always have to initiate it which i think some people talk about a lot. i am less troubled by the war powers than i am by the view the president can't ask -- >> it would have delivered to the nation and the world and the enemy -- is this working? that the congress doesn't want it even at the president does whether or not the president has the authority. thank you. >> thank you. come on down. >> before i have my question congress did do what the previous question

the mid-60s and upper 50s to mid-60 at the coast and 80s away cloverdale and lake port and the north bay vietnam in the low-to-mid 70s. 68 in berkeley the cool spot along the shoreline and mid-to-upper 70's inland east bay antioch and brentwood at 80 to 82 the tonight the temperatures are in the low-to-mid 50s again with mainly cloudy conditions. we have a small area of high pressure with the dry air coming in right now and because it is a small area of high pressure the warming will start today and we. notice it friday and saturday and by sunday the sea breeze comes pack with a chance of drizzle and cooler weather by monday morning. using mobile 360 to check out where the construction project was in oakland, northbound 880, it has cleared officially mobile 360 traveling beyond high street and to the north we had a project at fruitvale and kennedy street causing a headache this morning. all gone and smooth. turning 360 around you can see plenty cars behind us not too much traffic headed in the southbound direction and we will turn it around one more time and we are good to go. starting here this

vietnam war, a member of congress introduced legislation and congress declined to declare war on north vietnam while in full military operations, what would happen? >> i think this is a good question that goes to the professor's discussion about the presidential view. if that were to happen, it's not unreasonable or not an unreasonable interpretation for the president to declare that congress is infringing on his independent executive authority. you could get to a broader discussion of the idea of presidential power specifically in a situation where congress is going directly contrary to some military operation the president is trying to participate in. >> i'm done. >> i don't take the view that congress cannot restrict at all against military action. i think what i'm suggesting is congress does not always have to initiate it which i think some people try to talk about a lot, unless it's after the fact notion that a president -- >> i'm not sure you understood the question properly. it would have delivered to the nation and the world and the enemy -- is this coming through, working? that the co

nbc news reported on the april 30th capture of south vietnam's capital by north vietnamese communist forces. it detailed events in the weeks following the end of the vietnam war. an nbc news special report from 1975. communist saigon. on american history tv on c-span 3. >>. each week american history tv's real tv brings you archival films that held tell the story. 35 years ago on may 18th, 1980, an earthquake beneath mt. st. helens caused volcanic eruption that killed 57 people and destroyed almost 150 square miles of forest. >> mount saint helen's a 9776-foot sleeping volcano nestled in the wild abundance of the national forest in southwest washington. >> on march 20th 1980 mount st. helen's ban to show tell tale signs that her slumber was ending. >> we're directly over mount st. helen's and there's no question at all the volcanic activity has begun. you can see smoke and ash pouring from the top of the mountain. >> a concern for safety cause ad closure. what scientists had anticipated the eruption of mount saint helen's before the end of this century had begun. the morning of may 18

nbc news reported on the april 30th capture of south vietnam's capitol by north vietnamese communist forces. at nbc news special report from 1975. on american history tv on c-span 3. >> to mark the 150th anniversary of the surrender of lee to grant on april 9th 1865 the national park service invited hundreds of living history experts to camp at the national historic park in virginia. american history tv visited the park to learn about a reconstructed traveling blacksmith forge. when we stopped by, the blacksmith was just starting a fire.

nbc news reported on the april 30th capture of south vietnam's capital by north vietnamese communist forces. it detailed events in the weeks following the end of the vietnam war. an nbc news special report from 1975, "communist saigon." on american history tv on c-span 3. >> this year c-span is touring cities across the country, exploring american history. next a look at our recent visit to ft. lauderdale, florida. you're watching american history tv, all weekend every weekend on c-span 3. >> patsy west has worked closely with the seminole and mick sukkie tribes in southern florida for 30 years studying their history to help tell their story. >> these are cypress. we've talked about cypress. sign ves also used to make the seminole chickees to make the posts, and these are items that would have been made for tourists. a little turtle. >> visited her home to talk about her book "the enduring seminoles: from alligator wrestling to casino gaming." and to see her personal collection of tribal artifacts. >> in discuss inging native americans in the u.s. obviously it was not necessarily the

things than mixing foreign-policy did when it came to cambodia and dealing with the bombing of north vietnamnd a lot of things one could second guess, but if you read him, you feel a deep understanding for statecraft and the creation of world order. he was able to do a brilliant out-of-the-box thinking to balance off russia and china to create a triangular diplomacy where opening to china and dÉtente with russia as we pulled out of vietnam preserves the united states influence and power in the world after the retreat from vietnam by doing this triangular balance with russia, china, and to me that was a creative leap that even the bright people, the best and brightest come of the george bundy's hadn't thought of earlier and that helped preserve our influence in the world. made, averill herry man, georgetown ten net, dean acheson, robert love vet john mccloy. were they the establishment? >> guest: they were. i wrote that book with a friend evan thomas, because i was knew at "time magazine." i was covering ronald reagan -- these people handing out leaflets and evan, a friend of mine from colleg

nbc news reports on the april 30 capture of the south vietnam capital by north vietnamese forces. it details events following the end of the war. nbc news special report from 1979, communist saigon on american history tv on c-span3. >> up next, a discussion on naval navigation during the war of 1812. at the outset, the british royal navy was far more sophisticated than the american navy. we will hear about the tools that sailors on both sides of the conflict used to dominate the sea. the octagon house in washington, d.c., where the treaty of ghent was signed 200 years ago, hosted this event. it is about 25 minutes. kyle: welcome. i am kyle dalton, the administrator. i am also the author of a blog. today, i am going to be talking about the united states navy the war of 1812, and navigation. all three of these topics intersect at the octagon house. the eldest son of the owners of the house, john tayloe iv, was enlisted in the navy in 1890 as a midshipman. it was his responsibility to learn the trade of sailors and officers, to learn how to command ships, and how to work them. the un

north vietnamese had surrounded saigon. before sneff and his colleagues could leave vietnam they had to protect their life's work. >> what did owith all the sensitive equipment documents that were in the embassy? >> on the last day we had done so little to get rid of classified material that we were basically running the incinerators on the roof all the time. and what that meant was building itself, the embassy was shake all the time because the incinerators were going. they were burning tons and tons of classified material. and during the hours of -- early hours of the last morning we began using thermite grenades to destroy nsa's communications equipment on the third floor using hand grenades to blow them up. >> but despite their best efforts, they couldn't destroy everything. in 1977, frank published a sensitive memoir. he insisted the cia's local operatives were all named in the files leaving them vulnerable to arrest or worse. >> how many lives do you think were lost as a direct result of those files being recovered by the north vietnamese? >> we have no idea. they were treated extremely harshly. it is futile to figure

nbc news reports on the capture of south vietnam pots capital by north vietnamese communist forces. it details events in the weeks following the vietnam war. an nbc news special report from 1975 communist saigon, on american history tv on c-span3. >> each week, american history tv's reel america bring you archival films that tell the story of the 20 century. "the true glory" is a reduction of the office of war and information the british information -- british ministry of information, chronicling events from the d-day invasion until the east surrender of 1945. -- the nazi germany surrender of 1945. the film was digitally restored using software and a more tedious manual process to remove dirt, dust and scratches from the scans of each frame of the 81 minute film. ♪ >> i have been asked to be the spokesman for this expeditionary force in saying a word of introduction to what you are about to see. it is the story of the nazi defeat on the western front. so far as possible, the editors have made it an account of the really important thing in this campaign -- the enlisted soldiers, sailo

north. anybody who went on those convoy s through one of the dangerous passes in vietnam they just nicknamed us the roughriders. and it was sometime in, before i got there in '66 or '67 that when i got there they told me i'm going to the 11th motor transport battalion, those are the roughriders. >> host: first of all, what is highway 1? >> guest: highway 1 was the main highway in vietnam that stretched from the delta which is the -- [inaudible] through the central highlands and then into i corps which is where i was from da nang all the way north to the dm,mz. and it was the main highway. it was just called highway 1. i believe it's still called highway 1. >> host: and what was your job? >> guest: my job was the convoy commander. i was responsible for everything the convoy does or fails to do. and if there's an ambush, to get through the ambush with as minimum trouble as possible. >> host: what made up a convoy? >> guest: what made up -- a convoy was made up of anywhere from six to seven trucks. the biggest one i was on was 140 trucks, vehicles from all balloon -- all branches of the service

news special report -- communist saigon from may 25 1975 reports on the capture of south vietnam's capital by north vietnamese communist forces. the details the weeks of the end of the the and him working and nbc news special report from 1975 -- communist saigon on american history tv on c-span3. >> up next on american history tv, law professor lea vandervelde tells the stories of slaves who use the law as a pathway to freedom in the pre-civil war era. she describes how slaves contributed to building frontier communities and discusses several legal cases that illustrate the struggles of both enslaved and freed blacks in the antebellum west. this event from the national archives is about 45 minutes. dr. vandervelde: i should say good morning. it is still morning, right? a few minutes until noon. i want to thank the national archives and doug watson for this opportunity to speak. it is particularly a pleasure for me since it is like history -- black history month and because the stories i'm about to tell you about our heroes of -- are heroes of black history in my opinion. in the history of the unite

the north vietnamese took over as much as a third of south vietnam during the easter offensive of 1972. >> i see people dying every day before my eyes. >> reporter: nick ut's iconic photograph of a young vietnamese girl accidentally hit with napalm during the north vietnamese invasion of the south marked the beginning of the end of the diminishing public support for the war by many americans. >> right at the beginning, they say that picture went anti-war everywhere. that means the war will be over. >> reporter: only a teenager at the time, nick ut was a self- taught photographer who had replaced his photographer- brother killed earlier in the war. he covered the collapse of the south vietnamese army and the mass exodus of retreating military and civilians. all seeking a last sanctuary in the saigon area in april, 1975 >> even me i didn't think saigon fall right away maybe next two months, maybe two or three years. >> reporter: photojournalist nick wheeler on assignment for newsweek and u.p.i covered the fall of bien hoa. the last major military base just outside of saigon. and the init

once more. [ applause ] the same values lived in those that braved the mountains of north korea, the jungles of vietnamen of our 9/11 generation. for many of us this memorial day is especially meaningful. it's the first since our war in afghanistan came to an end. today is the first memorial day in 14 years that the united states has not engaged in a major ground war. on this day we honor the sacrifice of thousands of american service members men and women who gave their lives since 9/11 including more than 2,200 american patriots who made the ultimate sacrifice in afghanistan. as an arizona kid, wyatt martin loved the outdoors. he started fishing when he was 2 years old. his dad says he was pretty good for a toddler. wyatt grew to 6'4", became a hunter and wore flannel shirts every day so his friends nicknamed him paul bunyan. he played to go to college and work in the arizona game and fish department so that he could protect land and waters he loved so much. wyatt's life was animated by the belief that blessings he and his family enjoyed as americans came with an obligation to give back. an obligatio

anh duong: vietnam. >> north or south? anh duong: the south. >> i was in vietnam. anh duong: thank you for your service and keeping us safe all those years. >> you are welcome. same question. anh duong: yes. from a standpoint, i would say that the biggest challenge has always been how do we transition from rnd effort into acquisition and it is a challenge, it is not unique to just dhs. dod hasn't the same challenge. it has been in existence a lot longer than dhs, as well. >> have you seen some instances where folks have overcome that challenge? anh duong: yes, let them try to say is it is a challenge that in the way the budget is structured. i just talked in my opening remarks. it these are undergoing operational assessment right now. our two organizations sat down and have tried to put in the budget on my side, the costs to complete the technologies that we think would be ready for acquisition within the timeframe and deliver that in time. and the cost is the acquisition and maintenance of that. frankly, we both do it because we know it is the right thing to do, b

news special report -- communist saigon from may 25 1975 reports on the capture of south vietnam's capital by north vietnamese communist forces. the details the weeks of the end of the the and him

it documents the capture of the capital of south vietnam by north vietnamese communist forces a monthlier and details events in the months