northern africa, central africa.e went to all these different places and found people who would be loyal to him. at the same time, france was divided. very often french forces loyal to de gaulle and the government. you'd have frenchmen fighting frenchmen. it was one of those things where when history began turning in dickel e gualle's way, a lot of the people said, we are not eager to fight for the freedom of their own country. again, i see this comparison with afghanistan. it just one of those things where de gaulle was trying to rally these people to become patriots and do the right things for the country. half of them did not want to do that. in the resistance was, originally, a separate component. it was founded by the french themselves. it began with students and radicals who are trying to quietly fight the nazis within pairs with a little sabotage, making sure that they passed secrets about the nazi troop emplacements back in england and making sure british flyers who were shot down were smuggled back over the

i ’m not part, all, all of northern africa is considered, now northern africa has become europe, that by whom, i’m not talking about what was planned, that is, northern africa, that is, libya is europe. yes, in 1942 they thought so, for example, but no, well, vladimirich, it’s not like it ’s geographically, either, not after all, let’s still talk geographically, otherwise it’s possible count everything, in fact, then the ottoman empire considers everything its own, well, america, the ottoman empire became europe, so it is trying to mine, the ottoman empire is also europe, so it was europe, the ottoman empire was a european country in the 18-19th century, it was part of the number of great european powers, i don’t want to offend you, of course, but in general , at that time it was probably comparable in size to europe. modern european culture denies these romantics, modern european culture denies traditional culture in general, then where did you get modern europe , it doesn’t exist, there is no europe anymore, calm down, but the thought of it is there, the intelligentsia is beating me

annenberg media ♪ captioning sponsored by annenberg/cpb narrator: our investigation of northern africand southwestern asia takes us to egypt. here, as throughout this region, the presence or absence of water has profoundly influenced patterns of human settlement. the nile river is egypt's lifeblood. people here cling to its path through the desert and cluster in its broad delta. our case explores human modification of the environment as humans harness the mighty nile through projects like the aswan dam, lake nasser and the new toshka canal; the move from subsistence to commercial agriculture; and how an expanding population in the nile river delta is encroaching on the area's remaining precious farmland. from space, the earth can seem an abstract pattern of color and shape, but as we look closer, environmental processes come into view. here the rain of east-central africa collects in the giant lake victoria. its waters drain to the north, giving rise o of the world's great rirs, the nile descending from the african highlands, the nile winds through one of earth's most arid landscapes.

you hear of a concourse taking place in northern africa. people switching from al-qaeda to isis. they're trying to draw more people from this conflict, and so far they're doing a pretty good job of it. >> will mccanst. is it possible to go after the islamic state just in iraq and not involve the u.s. in syria. >> no, that's not possible. it's pulling a lot of money from the oil there. it's not really being touched by the assad regime until you deal with it's base. you're not going to be able to solve the iraq problem. you can push them back and push them out of cities that they've been holding but eventually they'll come back. they're good and flexible force that is able to melt away into

first time many mentors of congress or members of the public realized america was at a war in northern africa. aumfustification, the 2001 . according to the congressional the 2001 hasrt, become a blank check for war. the united states is deployed iraq, to afghanistan,

the first to many members of congress or members of the public realized america was at war and northern africa. the justification for the deployment? the 2001 aumf. the 2001 aumf has become a blank check for war.

when eleven has been a major year with major shifts in prominence and power in northern africa and the middle. and signs that us will influence maybe we need just days

put a heavy emphasis on economic issues broader political questions such as the situation in northern africa and the middle east are also going to be hot topics for discussions to recount to stare gold. or un resolution was very wise in terms of we're not going to get involved in this mess in fact when the

africans what to do and on several occasions first while speaking about trafficking problems in northern africa and then micron was meeting students of one of the local universities and he put responsibility blaming local people for this problem let's take a listen. just wanted to go. the cities that's a given to me is that. the city still says so but the whole city salt on thirty bus only dean says so there's a think of france's president lost his temper another time while uncertain of the question. of an african student about the number of african students runs

except egypt the latter being part of northern africa we represent another block. in case whole states are divided control would be spread first to morocco and if northern africa is revamped the conflict would have to be created with or not between shiites and sunnies as was attempted in the middle east but between arabs and the berbers this is where the real source of the events in guys ease. our civilians dying and that yes. indeed starting from the moment it was decided to launch this operation the lives of civilians were not taken into account everything we used to see in the middle east is not transpiring in this region and this is just the beginning it is a rather a question of the rearrangement of this. and we are yet to see a series of wars it will be like to be called out like a nato has only admitted nine civilian deaths but while he can this is sheer nonsense and mockery over common sense in this case nato keeps line at every stage which is surprising because during the war in cos of want nato would normally lie only to conceal its mistakes this time it'

first time many mentors of congress or members of the public realized america was at a war in northern africa. the justification, the 2001 aumf . 2018ding to the congressional research service report, the 2001 aumf has become a blank check for war. the united states has deployed troops to syria, afghanistan,

except egypt the latter being part of northern africa would represent another block. in case whole states are divided control would be spread first to morocco and if northern africa is revamped the conflict would have to be created or not between shiites and sunnies as was attempted in the middle east but between arabs and the berbers this is where the real source of the events and when guys e.e.'s there are civilians dying in there yes. indeed starting from the moment it was decided to launch this operation the lives of civilians were not taken into account everything we used to see in the middle east is not transpiring in this region and this is just the beginning and is there either a question of the yuri arrangement of this region and we are yet to see a series of wars or that they could so what does this threaten thing. is it will be the initial goal of this strategy was to overthrow the people's government that was in power and to establish western authoritarianism in their country i believe though that they had actually given up the plan because of the military

the same scenario we were seeing the sonority all about suppose the protection of civilians in northern africa or libya in particular and how that became a prelude to regime change in tripoli now we're being told that turkey needs patriot missiles for defensive purposes not least to protect civilians and i think it's fair to infer that this is the prelude to another attempt at regime change this time in damascus but if turkish civilians are being caught up in this doesn't have a right to protect itself therefore look at this plan and implement patriot missiles . the problem is turkey is not entering the situation with clean hands turkey on the one hand is helping to supply the rebels who are attacking damascus and damascus understandably is shooting back and then turkey claims that it needs defensive weaponry to protect civilians and now if turkey were to stand down from supplying the rebels perhaps they would not have the problem of protecting civilians on their side of the border the russian says the deployment of the missiles will only escalate the conflict nato says it will d.

twenty eleven has been a major year with major shifts in prominence and power in northern africa and the middle east. and signs that us will influence may be waning just days before the regime of egyptian president hosni mubarak fell both secretary clinton and cia director leon panetta called it stable until it was. prepared there are also in consistencies on the war in afghanistan in afghanistan integrated military and civilian surges have helped set the stage for our diplomatic surge to support afghan led reconciliation that could end the conflict and put al qaeda on the run but robert want kins a senior u.n. official just said quote it is fair to say that security in the country is at its lowest point since the departure of the taliban even secretary of defense robert gates said this just last week to a group of cadets at west point but in my opinion any future's defense secretary who advises the president to again send a big american land army into asia. or into the middle east or africa should have his head examined as general macarthur so delicately put it there is also the mat

we are seeing really i think northern africa is falling now, not just to al qaeda affiliates but now to isis. we are seeing more and more al qaeda affiliates pledging their allegiance now to isis. this is a very disturbing development, particularly against tunisia, which has been a beacon of hope in the region and it shows you how it's spreading like a wildfire now in northern africa as well as the middle east. i think that's our greatest concern with this latest development. >> chairman mccall, i was speaking earlier as this was happening before the gunmen these two gunmen had been killed i was talking to a journalist who is based there in tunis. she said that there was actually a report recently that came out that there was an isis training camp just 40 kilometers away from the tunisian border. how much of an issue is this that it's a porous border and how concerned are you that this sort of frontier of isis is spreading? >> well isis certainly has a presence in tunisia and just in the last month, hundreds of these militants have been rounded up and arrested in tunisia because the

this uh undermining of in covert operations to legitimate uh governments to south america to northern africa and now um we see his role clearly if it hasn't been seen before the world seats role uh supporting genocide and ethnic cleansing in occupied palestine so um it this out all the conflicts that in recent times this particular conflict here this uh genocide here is really causing everybody in the united states to draw a clear line on in the sand as to where you stand, regardless if it's a homeless person on the street or or or a politician or senator or congress person in the united states government, so yes, so it is drawing clear lines in the sand, the united states is clearly complicit in genocide, for those that know anything about the history of the united states government, his manifest destiny role of conquering the world of playing some type of role in extrapulating and people um in northern africa confident itself, you know, we understand that this is what's going on. the point i would like to make uh my listeners is that um there is definite role that has to be played with the

in northern africa is i think to be expected and that's what david cameron has said i think the reason for his visit there is is to show the support that britain and the u.k. government wants to give northern african countries that wish to tradition to democracy although not necessarily in military terms there are other ways we can give support training is one advice on on economic growth is is another and i think that's the line david cameron wants to play at the moment would you say let's talk about his interests in libya b.p. british petroleum is due to start drilling in libya soon could that have had something to do with it all full. well i mean as you'll be well aware tony blair had a very close relationship or a close relationship certainly with with colonel gadhafi and arrangements were made at that time with with british petroleum so if anything the transition to democracy and the uprising in libya has made it more difficult for western and particularly british companies to operate in libya so i think what david cameron is looking for is a return to to economic. growth a

as people leave the isis-controlled areas and go to northern africa. it's been a hotbed for some time. we saw the travel back and forth from the attacker in the manchester attack. this is an area of increasing concern and spain's geographical location being that close to northern africa, it's something that i would imagine officials here and certainly there will be keying in on early in this investigation of what we now know to be a terrorist attack. >> jim cavanaugh is standing by for us as well. he's special agent in charge, former hostage negotiator. authorities there in barcelona, spain, just after 7:00, what are they doing? what's the first order of business? >> the first order of business is to stop the attacker, find him, stop him from killing again, one or more. we don't know. where is he? where are they? and they have detectives out there and patrol out doing it and intelligence working on it and we haven't heard that word from kelly or keir over there whether or not they've located the attackers. there's various reports on the media about all

northern africa, central africa. he went to all these different places and found people who would be loyal to him. at the same time, france was divided. but the french forces loyal to de gaulle and the government. you'd have frenchmen fighting frenchmen. it was one of those things where when history began turning in his way, a lot of the people said, we are not eager to fight for the freedom of their own country. again, i see this comparison with afghanistan. it just one of those things where de gaulle was trying to rally these people to become patriots and do the right things for the country. half of them did not want to do that. in the resistance was, originally, a separate component. it was founded by the french themselves. it began with students and radicals who are trying to quietly fight the nazis within pairs with a little sabotage, making sure that they passed secrets about the nazi troop pe, making sure the british flyers were shut down somehow struggled back over the border and then back into portugal and b

countries of first arrival but also offshore in northern africa so somebody's trying to leave africa either for political reasons or for economic reasons let's say that person tries to get onto a boat they might be intercepted at sea turned back and brought to these disembarkation centers in northern africa we are told that those centers will be run in accordance with international human rights law unclear whether in fact that will be the case otherwise if they make it to europe they might wind up in a closed center in a country like italy or greece again those closed centers that have been exit the existence until now have not always gotten very positive assessments from human rights observers so both of those in some to some degree are meant to deter people from trying to flee to europe but as you point out many of them are fleeing in fear of their lives whether in fact this will serve as a deterrent is very unclear all right chief political correspondent belinda crane many thanks indeed for all your insights. now part of the e.u. migration overhaul calls for asylum processing cent

except on egypt the latter being part of northern africa represented another block. in case old states are a divided through control would be spread first to morocco and if northern africa is revamped the conflict would have to be appropriate if that if not between shiites and sunnies as was attempted in the middle east but between arabs and the berbers this is where the real source of their dancing in god's ease. our civilians dying and that. indeed starting from the moment it was decided to launch this operation the lives of civilians were not taken into account and this is just the beginning of it is there either a question of the rearrangement of this region and we are yet to see a series of wars so what's that's the strategy. is it will be the initial goal of this thread to do was to overthrow the people's government that was in power and to establish western authoritarianism in the country i believe though that they had actually given up the plan because of the military resistance to prove stronger therefore it was decided to act in a different direction of the

leaders are claiming it will but right now the centers that do exist in northern africa have been condemned as as very very difficult places for migrants if you do make it to the shores of europe you might wind up in a so-called control center an anchor center a holding place that would be closed also a very difficult hurdle would stuff refugees from coming probably not all of them many are fleeing for their lives melinda crane our chief political correspondent many thanks indeed for all your insights. well the weeks of infighting over migration have exposed deep rifts in miracles government germany's a far right opposition rejects miracles policy outright the populous a deep party is holding its congress this weekend in the southern city of oxford party leaders say they will seek to forge a bloc of countries to create what melinda mentioned as fortress of europe that would stop migrants from entering the e.u. well earlier in the chief political editor me spoke with beatrix one story the deputy leader of the f.t. . this is fun story there's a bit of fights going on between the sea use you t

in south asia and let's not forget the taliban using says sizing in northern africa in south asia and let's not forget the taliban are using similar methods to fill that vacuum of poor governance and lack of security with similar methods to fill that vacuum of poor governance and lack of security with a radical islamist if ya'll e.g. in afghanistan the president of iraq told radical islamists if ya logy in afghanistan the president of iraq told acciona that the staying power of the united states is being questioned in a very very sexy oh so that the staying power of the united states is being questioned in a very very serious way and the allies of the united states are worried about the dependability serious way and the allies of the united states are worried about the dependability of the united states is president trumps unpredictability of the. it states is president trumps unpredictability tactically useful to keep our adversaries guessing or theirs is murky tactically useful to keep our adversaries guessing or theirs is mercurial man or send the wrong people a dangerous

leaders are claiming it will but right now the centers that do exist in northern africa have been condemned as has very very difficult places for migrants if you do make it to the shores of europe you might wind up in a so-called control center an anchor center a holding place that would be closed also a very difficult hurdle would stuff refugees from coming probably not all of them many are fleeing for their lives melinda crane our chief political correspondent many thanks indeed for all your insights. the soccer world cup continues to bring lots of thrills and the first day of knockout matches was no exception of a fully ileus from daily sport is here now to break it all down so pablo so many goals today so many goals let's start though with that match between argentina and france now you are so you're right anak let's not forget there were seven goals in this match now and just that one which is incredible i mean the thing was it was such an exciting much had all the elements all those all those things you want to see in a world cup match between two really exciting teams to watch i thin

control migratory flows better and the fact that we designed new safe countries of origin in northern africa but also georgia shows that we went to give protection to those who seek protection here but at the same time those who do not have a right to this, to return very quickly and don't want to awaken false hopes that we cannot satisfy. this cabinet shows you the issue that is important to us. and in the last 14 months, symbolically, the fact we don't have a balanced budget seems to be the new normal but a great deal of effort and what we have achieved, and to service the debt has dropped, we have to pay 67% to service our debt and under different conditions and different interest rates it is 5.5%, and 60% of overall debt level, the criteria for the future, a country with demographic changes is expanding. high level of sovereign debt, examples of success. 40 billion more will be available in the term, and focusing on family legislation where we increased the child allowance and tax-free for children as well. and we are promoting as well and working on a law to improve qualitative conditio

point down by the straits of gibraltar there's just fifteen miles fifteen kilometers separating northern africa from europe so it makes a very tempting target for migrants what could also be happening as numbers drop in other parts of the mediterranean now migrants and refugees are looking towards what they perceive as perhaps an easier western mediterranean route and that coming from northern africa into spain and so far this month alone if you just look at the month of june there have been almost double the number of arrivals to spain than there have been in italy sammy is there a feeling that the shutdowns in other parts of europe shutdowns to arrivals migrants and refugees is now shifting that pattern of people. that is certainly a concern that the all thora days in just the last few days a beginning to wake up to and to take a look at bear in mind that in the last week almost two thousand migrants and refugees have arrived imports of southern spain so what they believe you look at the month of june for example.

the coast of northern africa from here lies about one hundred sixty kilometers to our south but it's vessels like this that have been instrumental in saving lives on the western mediterranean migration route this year so far because pain has seen a three fold increase in the number of refugees and migrants heading here compared to the say the same time last year now it's captain miguel part of one of the me gallium who's invited is on board and he's been explaining to me a little bit about the work overnight sunday monday he and his eight person crew pulled on to decks here one hundred fifty two migrants from a number of fishing vessels and rode boats and took them to safety here to ameria and to other ports further south and that is that is a trend that right now is worrying the orth already is here the overall number this year up three fold but in just the month of june alone the figures being.