you got the nsa -- you've got the nsa which is responsible for intelligence and intelligence gathering abroad, you've got the fbi which is often the lead when there's an actual criminal investigation going on, and you've got dhs which has the responsibility for system protection. and so between myself and the director of the fbi, the head of the nsa, the three of us have been personally engaged in making sure that we have people colocated and that we are clarifying our own relationships with each other because that's the way we maximize the resources eachover us brings to the -- each of us brings to the table. but, no, we don't intend to have the nsa parked in every american's home. that's not the purpose of it. the purpose is to make sure that cyber networks and the core critical infrastructure and civilian/government networks are safe. >> is that where the technical expertise resides right now, i mean, in terms of they've got the, hackers have the guys in neurals who know the networks? >> it is, i think, a unique resource that the united states has. we also have, as i mentioned, the

if you have ever seen those photos of nsa, if you can't remember it, check out the members of nsa with those two highrise buildings. for reasons that should be obvious to this group now, i said get everyone out of the high rises. we moved into a three-story building and i went down there. that's where all the wires came together for global communications. in addition to being safer, it's the place i would have wanted to be anyway. george was dci, director of the cia, and i said we could already celebratory gun fire, those types of conversations. we knew it could only be the work of al qaeda. it got to be about dusk. one of my people came up to me and said the counter-terrorism people are a little off balance. you should probably talk to them. good idea. i went to the ctc shop, the counter-terrorism center, in one of the high rises near the top and they could not evacuate. we actualyl do work at fourt mead. it is not just the headquarters. they are doing real time work and we cannot afford the break in coverage, the break in continuity of we say we're going to move all of your stuff, yo

as the nsa directors special assistant for cyber, he leads the nsa cyber task force.l alexander selected dennis come he opposite new the same thing that i'm about to tell you because the dentist started this organization way back in early 2007, and he still is the leader. as you probably saw from when you signed up on the web to attend today's symposium, dennis is perfect for this job. he's a technical expert. he's an electrical engineer and decrypt analysis expert. in fact, he's a proud card-carrying member of what we affectionately and respectfully referred to as the crypto math mafia. bat and combined with this diverse experience serving on capitol hill within congressman robert ehrlich's legislative staff, followed by star with the private sector at the atlantic verizon communication, this makes them a very well-rounded and diversified for this job. but even before that those that really know him will remember his musical inclinations playing drums for his high school rock 'n roll band, the royal flush. and we get to some of the questions you can ask what really t

as director of nsa and cia, i operated on the outer reaches of executive prerogative doing things to defend the nation. you cannot do that over the long-term in a democracy without broad political support. i fear moving forward we are moving without the support. >> peter: what about business support? they are fighting this idea of more regulation, more requirements on the business community. the companies out there that operate the critical infrastructure what is your message to them? >> honest men can differ with the role of the government and who gets to regulate. honest men cannot differ over the need for standards. we have to agree on a certain level of security. because peter, here is the issue. each industry makes these decisions based upon a very logical cost/benefit analysis for the industry. but there are some industries when they are penetrated and punished in a cyber attack, the cost is not confined to these industries. it is a much broader cost. it is spread across the broader society. industry has to reflect the real cost of a cyber fail failure, not just the narrowly de

we asked the nsa today and they responded back saying: >> is that true or untrue?phillip benty. he worked at n.s.a. or 40 years a very high ranking most senior people at n.s.a. he virtually designed the entire system for eavesdropping overseas on foreign communications. he told me that they're basically using that same system turned it internally on the united states, which is why he left the agency in disgust after almost 40 years. one of the scary things is that romney his campaign, top intelligence advisor is general michael hey den the same person who instituted the warrantless eavesdropping program under the bush administration, so you've got not only with one of the top presidential candidates, you've the person who initiated the warrantless eavesdropping program and now they've got an enormous data center to put it all. >> if they're allowed to wiretap without warrants, doesn't that give them the capability without going to a court to say hey, you know what, we decided amongst ourselves that we can wiretap anybody we like, even u.s. citizens. >> that's the p

you have nsa which is responsible for intelligence. you have got the fbi which is often the lead when there is a criminal investigation going on. you have dhs has the responsibility for system protection. between myself and the director of the fbi, the head of the nsa, the three of us have been personally engaged in making sure we have people co-located near clarifying our relations as with each other because that is the way we maximize resources each of us brings to the table. no, did not plan to have the nsa parked in everybody's homes. >> is that where the technical expertise presides in terms of they got the white-hat hackers? >> it is a unique resource that the united states has. we also have computer which has a -- there is expertise in other elements of the government, and then you get into a particular sectors, the department of energy which has the national labs, which are resources. in terms of one place where there is considerable cyber expertise, probably the best in the world, you would look first to the nsa. >> how often

allow companies to just hand over all this really permanent information -- personal information to the nsa orcry. but bins don't like the idea of any additional stuff they have to take. they don't want to do that. so, that's an interesting question. >> very quickly, we have to move on to another issue. yes or no, senate -- congressional action or executive order action? >> executive order is more likely. >> i actually wouldn't give a hope on information sharing in congress. i think the house bill with privacy protection has a shot. >> i'm going to side with him. there's a possibility the side could coe aless around the information sharing. >> another issue we may see on the technology front this fall. >> well, another big issue is spectrum auctions, which the sec is going to be taking up. moving ahead with this month. this is a bill that was passed earlier this year with a tax cut extensions and sort of the last moment to raise revenue they tacked on a provision that gave the sec the authority to encourage television broadcasters to give up their licenses for frequencies and then to make r

if companies just hand over all of this personal information to the nsc -- the nsa or another agency, they want to make sure it is protected. >> we have to move on to of current issues, but very quickly, yes or no, congressional action or executive order action. >> executive order is more likely. >> i would not give up hope on information sharing in congress. i think the house bill with privacy protections has a shot. >> i will side with gaupham there. i think there is a possibility of information sharing. >> brendan sasso, technology front this fall? >> there is a bill passed earlier this year with tax cut extensions and up the last moment to raise revenue, they attacked on this provision giving the sec the authority to encourage television broadcasters to give up their licenses for frequencies. and then to make room in the air waves for cellphone providers because of the growth in the smart phones and tablet computers. there was a crunch for frequencies. get thetrying to broadcasters to give up their long-term licenses for cellular providers. the sec is circulating in order that wou

the republican bill, that it would allow companies to just hand over all this personal information to nsa or cia. so they want to make sure there are privacy protections in there. but, of course, businesses don't like the idea of stripping out personal information, they don't really want to do it, so i think that's an interesting question. >> host: okay, very quickly, we've got to move on to other issues, but very quickly, yes or no congressional action or executive order action? >> guest: i think executive order's more likely. >> guest: i actually wouldn't give p hope on, up hope on information sharing in congress. i think privacy bill's have a shot. >> guest: i'm going to side with gautham there. i think there's a possibility that the side could coalesce around the information sharing. >> host: brendan sasso, another issue we may see on the technology front this fall. >> guest: well, another big issue is spectrum auctions which the fcc is going to be taking up. this was a bill that was passed earlier this year, it was a tax cut extension and sort of at the last moment to raise revenue t

in california today, so the heavy lifting fell to his running meat, who stumpedded in battlegrounds nsa florida. >> the president came in with hope and change. well, hope is farther away from us. >> ryan says the obama administration has failed on the economy. >> we must restore the american idea of opportunity. of upward mow built. -- mobility. >> the granite state has only four electoral votes but both campaigns are fighting hard for them. >> never, never, never, have we built this country from the top down. it's always been built from the middle out. >> rally union members in manchester, biden said the romney-ryan economic plan would take the country backwards. >> they're doubling down on everything that caused the economic crisis in the first place. >> absentee ballots are already available in wick and there's some sort of early voting in all of the other seven battlegrounds states. >> ama: investigators in new york say a man malled by a tiger at the bronx zoo told a police officer he made a conscious decision to jump two fences into the animal's den. he said he wanted to, quote, be

two days after 9/11, i gave a talk to the nsa work force. actually, i gave a force to an empty room. i was in front of a tv camera, and nsa being what it was, everybody could see me globally at their workstation. i still have a copy of the speech. i said some of the things you would expect. job one is defense, okay? attack characterization. is there a second wave? what else is coming towards us? we'll play offense soon enough, but we're playing defense now. defense. i know a lot of folks had some difficulty with their family members coming to work, and one incident about one spouse kind of throwing herself across the front end of the vehicle saying don't go, and so i needed to say something about the people who were there, and what i simply said was i want to thank you for being here. i know you have family members who are really worried about you. look on the bright side. 3 # -- 300 million americans right now wish they had your job. finally ended the talk with this. i said, look, all free peoples have to figure out where in that kind of co

as the director of nsa, you have a fair amount of authority. up, get more aggressive. you cannot be haphazard about it. you have to sell it to congress. guess what i did about 11:00 morning of 9/11? if i had the authority to ratchet it up, i did. i call the head of the american intelligence and the heads of the house and senate intelligence committees. i told george. we were getting a bit more aggressive and the higher probability that we could intercept those types of messages that would tell us about the next attack. i did not hear from george for two or three days. and he says i visited with the president and vice-president dan i told them when you were doing. i said he was going to go to jail and i would bail him out. i was being aggressive but i was doing it within my authority. he was then asked if he could do anything more. so george calls me. the president and vice president said it was great but if i could do anything more. i said, and george, not within my current authority. george said, what to do if you have more authority? i'll get

nsa and director of the state department military agencies, what do you know, instead he got on a plane and flew to las vegas in order to attend a political event and fund-raiser before returning to washington. >> greta: air force one, could he have gotten that information on air force one? >> it's better to sit in a room to eyeball those people and have an open discussion. to have -- maybe you have to do it by secure video conference. he should have said to the people in las vegas, all those people, i meet on day after the murder of an american ambassador to sit with our intelligence leadership and plan what we're going to do. >> greta: let me try giving the benefit of every single doubt this. during the time he got osama bin laden he was appearing at a white house correspondents dinner. the room was full of media and not one of us he had given the issue to go and he was deeply involved with this. we like to send a message, you don't get us, we can still do our job. >> i think they look at this. you know what. you didn't consider it important to me with your intelligence agencies to si

security agency director and cia director under bush and designed bush's domestic spying program at nsaand on and on. these are the people advising him on foreign policy. >> it's quite a lineup and they are the kind of people that if he is elected will be serving in some way. you know the rumors as well as i do. that john bolton is on the list of pressure groups to become the secretary of state if romney is the president. >> let me again show you how right you are he said that the qualities that should typify our foreign policy. unbelievable. >> it's unbelievable. and voters should consider what is going to take place in the next four years, with netanyahu to strike a launch against iran. >> right. >> with what is going on in syria. iran and syria, and you put those two together, al, as you know, that is a very serious -- a rock is a aaa farm team compared to getting involved in iran and syria. if these people want to start wars in iran and syria, you could well be talking -- i'm not being hyper bol lick here. you could be talking about world war iii. >> michael, that is frightening. bu

it wasn't inherent as the director of the nsa. weook it to the president committed the president, using article to authorities as commander-in-chief, remember we are a nation at war against an opposing force, congress already passed the aumf, the authorization of military force as close to the declaration of war as we would never get in modern america, and the president has commander in chief then said okay, mike, you leave these things out. i think these are good. i want you to do them and i am authorizing you to do them as commander-in-chief and here is the attorney general. he signed off on all of the authority to do that. i went back -- i went back to fort meade and i took this question to my lawyers. on the framework we are talking about, remember, a new kind of threat, what kind of structure. how do you adapt to the new reality? and i went to my three top lawyers so i wouldn't get a group answer and all three of them said we believe the president has the authority to authorize you to do this. we believe the president's come

and neither candidate is really moving aggressively against talking about how we shouldn't be -- nsahouldn't be conducting the sort of surveillance that used to be controversial before the fisa amendments act. so you have underlying romney, silence -- real convergence between the candidates that makes him hard to identify the areas he would differentiate himself. >> do you think a president mitt romney would be more likely to detain someone on u.s. soil outside the traditional judicial legal system? >> i think this is a great hypothetical situation in the case of both candidates. obama has basically said, he won't do it, though he does not foreswear the legal authority to do it. he just says he won't. romney, to my knowledge, hasn't said anything like that. as a practical matter, no president after other cases is going to be looking for a test case with which to do that, and soow going to be looking to figure out a way to deal with such a person in the criminal justice system, and so far we have always found one. hypothetically i think romney might contemplate it, but in behavior the

nsa is appropriately not an organization that either sets or makes policy. we execute our mission of signals intelligence and information assurance in a space which has become what we now call cyberspace. and it's from that experience and especially from the experience we have learned through our intermission assurance mission that i hope to share and contribute to this discussion that is being held today. specifically, what is this? why is it important? are there a set of key attributes as we are discussing solutions in the space. if there are what are the responses that we as a nation may want to consider in accordance with us. who might be required to do it. so with your permission i am going to take that approach and for just a couple of minutes even though it might be a very high-level, it might be something that everyone of you know but often the start of discussion, it's important to start from the same context. our deputy director nsa often says to the answer of what is cyberspace. this answer. cyberspace is where our nation stores its treasure and i

validating the nsa program or putting it into a legislative framework. >> and you have another of 2009. a very important piece of legislation in recent the democratic party on board the fundamental architecture by which we are likely to end up trying muhammed and the 9/11 conspirators. >> i will move to you and we will change the discussion and talk more about what might call a long-term pro-active kind of responses by the administration. >> can i just ask a question? i am intrigued by some of what you said. does this mean that we never reached a bipartisan consensus on a american foreign policy, should be post-9/11. >> both parties want to deny that such a consensus exists. the consensus violates both parties self-image. the democratic party -- i think you will recognize some truth. the democratic party sees itself as the party of the rule of law, or the people who live our values, who believe that security and liberty are not at odds, and we can do well by doing good. the other party is the party of macho aggressiveness. and it is not think about the place that we are going to occupy

spontaneously -- >> no, i just want to know if there's something -- >> look, i don't have access to the nsa listening devices. i don't know what our various people think. but i have looked at this long enough going back to 1979 and looking, frankly, before that at the palestinian terror operations in the '70s, that they have been able to -- anybody who's ever studied terrorism will tell you, there's almost certainly a link. this is almost like the danish cartoon outrage a few years ago which happened to simultaneously appear in country after country. it wasn't simultaneous. we are faced with enemies who want to defeat the united states, and impose their radical views. we're a country that believes in religious liberty. we believe in freedom of speech. how can the u.s. government apologize for a film no one has seen. which is what the embassy in cairo did yesterday. this is part of a much longer struggle, and i think you have to connect these larger dots. it's not just about an event in libya, it's about a longer war, part of which we were being reminded of yesterday on 9/11. >> mr. speaker,

that comes from a now-somewhat-famous white paper from nsa entitled "the inevitability of failure."le, right? >> yes. positive title. >> right. and it's on the basis that most cybersecurity solutions are built on common operating systems that are available in the market and not on a trusted operating system, so that's the building on a foundation of sand concept, right? so, all of the cross- domain solutions or information sharing solutions have to be built on a trusted operating system in order to pass scrutiny with government. >> so there's a lot of rectifying to do... >> right. right. right. >> ed, you mentioned cross-domain solutions, and that for raytheon is a big issue and also, of course, for what you're delivering to the government. for those in the audience that maybe aren't as familiar, can you clarify what that is and also talk about sort of some of the major opportunities you've fulfilled recently? >> sure. a cross-domain solution is a software product, sometimes linked to hardware, that allows sharing information between different networks. if all the information you wa

he was the deputy training director of the nsa. welcome. we heard about cyber attacks at two banks. what happened? guest: bank of america and j.p. morgan chase are two major u.s. banks. they were victims of the cyber attack resulted in not getting into customer databases, but they did in of affecting the speed of the websites. when customers into the web sites, they had slower service and could not access their accounts as readily as they usually can. it was an inconvenience. it was not a case of manipulating or changing data. it was a case of slowing down the data and making it hard for people to conduct business. it is a denial of service attack. that means you flood the servers with much more traffic than they can handle. when that happens, it slows down the traffic and makes it more difficult for people to conduct business with the website. host: this stems from an interview joe lieberman did with us on c-span. people are looking to iran for this. guest: that is interesting. senator lieberman has access to intelligent and knows about things: on in that realm. there are two forms

and is nsa learned about people starting and academia who were doing experiments and raven -- randomized controlled trials adopted by people in the political world and learned more about all the data and targeting based on basically revolutionized campaigns in the last decade, a major generational shift and in addition to all of the sort of new forms of research changing the way things operated that you have this kind of tension between a lot of the old practices and the new empirical movement. >> up next, form on libya security and how the government is dealing with malicious, tribal conflicts and supporters of former president qadhafi. from the carnegie endowment for international peace, this is nearly two hours. >> good afternoon and welcome to the carnegie endowment. a senior associate in the eastern program here. i am very happy to -- that we were able to bring you a group of knowledgeable speakers about the situation in libya. as we all know, libya has very much been in the headlines in the last few days, but not necessarily -- what emerges from the news coming out of libya is a ve

we are now at southend nsa mention will be going to nine and 10 by 2100.the very unique circumstances and this is why it's so important to understand what this means for the world. the second key aspect, the key fact are driving demand is a global wealth. so not only are we getting larger in terms of population, but a lot more people are becoming wealthier. the estimates are we will have an additional 3 billion new people by 2030, so it's really as important to look at how those people who would like to live like us in this room i'm in a sense they would like to achieve western standards of living, how those pressures will be felt on the global resource supply. as you can see from the slide presented here, a lot of that demand pressure from wealth will be largely fell for the poor and middle class in places like asia and africa. but you can also see places like eastern europe will also have large increases in the middle class. the third key aspect of demand pressure is urbanization. a lot of people believe the chinese in particular have a large systematic

and what about that nsa building in utah? the main operating costs is to keep the computers keeping all this information. i would like to hear your comments about that. you say you are against some of the patriot act standings. said 11 pushed all that stuff through that has taken our rights away. -- senator levin pushed all that stuff through that has taken our rights away. guest: i think there is a lot to say about that. we have to be careful about how far we go. we have to have a process. what has made this country what it is, what makes it great, we have a process. sometimes we complain about it, sometimes we argue about its, but it makes this country what it is today. in the case of the patriot act, it will have a tough time coming through, fisa is the same thing. this is a good question about drones and where we go. we embedded into the armed services, the defense authorization act, and we also have faa reauthorization. the faa has to go through a process to determine how these unmanned aircraft may or may not be used. n

t init wit nsa pain relievers,spirin, may increase bleeding risk.ncontrolled glaucom should not take cymbalta. severe liver problems, some fatal, were repted. signs include abdominal pain and yellowing skin or eyes. tell your doctor about all your medicines, including those for migraine and while on cymbal, call right away if you have high fever, confusion and stiff muscles or serious allergic skin res like blisters, peeling rash, hives, or mouth sores to add possibl life-threatening conditions. about your alcohol use, liver disease and before you reduce or stop cymbalta. ess or fainting may occur upon sg. ask your doctor about cymbalta. imane you with less pain. cymbalta can help. go to cymbalta.com to learn about a free trial offer. the good they did inspires us, prepares us and guides us. at new york life, everything we do is to help you keep good going. romney: "it's time to stand up to the cheaters" vo: tough on china? not mitt romney. when a flood of ese tires threatened a thousand american jobs... it was president obama who stood up to china

so i would come in and say hadley, what's that the nsa while mr. president, and there's a couple challenges that have occurred, which is code for crisis. there are a couple of challenges that have emerged. the president would say how to use has never challenged there is an opportunity for this country and your job is to go find that opportunities to capitalize on it. so get going. [laughter] but the point that i think as we could overcome the challenges. they also opportunities for us to shape events and put policies in place that will shape events in later a future. the problem that is described, the modern national security adviser has and this is the same thing general jones said is there so many challenges, christ is coming into the white house that you can spend all of your time reacting to events is not enough time putting in place policies that will shape events and therefore avoid crises in the future. that is an issue at allocation of time. it's also an issue of structure. so first thing i told the president to get in the race in the mind

nsa also performs alterations to the stockpile in order to sustain the warhead that underpin the u.s. deterrent. advanced stimulation provide greatly increase confidence in the ability to model and evaluate the performance and safety of nuclear weapons without nuclear explosive testing. computers have become 100,000 -- at least 100,000 times more powerful. the design code more realistically capture the behavior of real nuclear devices. enhanced models like critical roles in providing information essential to weapons' safety, security, and performance changes. the use of data from surveillance and enables us to predict how the weapons will perform over time without using underground nuclear testing. the annual assessment process is the authoritative method for the dod to evaluate the reliability performance and military effectiveness of the s. the nuclear posture review. we have identified a path for sustain its while modernizing the supporting infrastructure without nuclear explosive testing. this is implemented by focusing on a recapitalization and refurbishment of existing infrastru

i recognize that nsa has not been delivering all that is expected, but this committee, given its jurisdiction and a longtime policy interests and effective doe management has to diagnose the problems for itself independently. we need to identify what works and what does not work and identified a clear path to ensuring safe, secure operations in the interest of taxpayers and on national security. with that, i recognize the ranking member. >> thank you very much, mr. chairman. i want to echo the chairman's remarks about this subcommittee having a long bipartisan history of asking tough questions about the safety and security of our nation's nuclear facilities. i am pleased we are continuing this work today. i am glad that members of the said committee had the chance to develop a greater understanding -- members of the subcommittee had a chance to develop a greater understanding of how nnsa is doing and to learn what can be done to improve the security of those who live or work near those facilities. i have been on this committee for almost 16 years, since that time we have had almost 20 -- over