more than a century before the nuremberg tribunals. these were courts that were created by treaty to promote these human rights objectives with the slave trade. if a hip were caught engaged -- a ship were caught engaged in the slave trade, it would be brought before one of these international courts, and if they found out that it was covered by the treaty, it was a spanish ship, for example, and there was a treaty between britain and spain saying we're ending the slave trade, then what would happen is the slaves would be freed, and the ship would be auctioned off, the money would be split between the sea captain who had brought the ship in and the governments that were involved. so these international courts, as i recount in the book, heard some 600 cases, and they freed 80,000 slaves off of captured slave-trading ships. which is a huge number in the scale of -- >> host: all post-18 to 8. >> guest: all post-1808, yes. >> host: what was the name of these international courts, as you called them? >> guest: treaties gave them different na

is the illegal wars in iraq and afghanistan this is a crime of aggression crime of aggression at nuremberg was going to be the supreme international crime so then the second violation of the law is the torture regime that was set up by bush officials and their legal mercenaries john yoo jay bybee and other employers third violation is war crimes that and torture is considered a war crime as well but the killing of civilians the targeting of civilians two of the most notorious instances of war crimes they had to eat a massacre where. u.s. marines basically executed about twenty four men women and children in cold blood it was just horrific at that and the falutin massacre which was done in retaliation for the killing of four blackwater mercenaries. was a civilians who were targeted u.s. soldiers went house to house and took him out and shot them they shot families crossing the river helicopters and snipers shot at people there were unknown numbers hundreds of people that were killed in collusion. then the force. of the law is the prison camp that the united states maintains at one time tomo

. >> i want to go visit my brother in nuremberg and learn german, then go to college there eventually >> bosniacs do not have that option. it adds to the youngster's f rustration. >> it's not fair. they have dual citizenship. they can work here and in croatia. but that's how the lies. and the law is made by the state -- law is. the law is made by the state. >> that would be bosnian law, which has yet to deal with this issue. croatia's accession could initially mean a step back for bosnia, a step back in terms of peaceful interethnic relations where rural communities may see the numbers of young people declining still further. >> croatians, bosniacs, italians -- many people have lived side by side for centuries. we end our journey in italy, in venice. just a couple of sea miles away from croatia's very own little venice where we first started off. a poet from the region once wrote, the borders are the cross we bear. they shape our face, our vision, and our thoughts. croatia's accession to the eu means that even more borders will be lifted. italians are particularly pleased about it. >>

his diary disappeared after the nuremberg trials in 1946. >> nicaragua's national assemble he has given the go- ahead for a multibillion-dollar canal crossing the entire country. supporters say it will rival the panama canal and generate a new source of much-needed income, but many criticize the plan as it gives a hong kong -- based company the sole right to build and operate the waterway. >> former south african president nelson mandela appears to be recovering after undergoing treatment for a severe lung infection. government officials say the anti-apartheid leader is still in serious condition and will remain in hospital for a seventh day. it is his fourth hospitalization since december. >> in greece, workers are protesting for a fourth they against the government's decision to shut down the public broadcaster. it's prime minister's latest attempt to cut state spending. he's pledged to relaunch the station, but hundreds of workers are set to lose their jobs. tanks on the streets, mass arrests, dozens killed and wounded -- that was the official response to mass demonstrations that swe

his diary disappeared after the nuremberg trials in 1946. >> nicaragua's national assemble he has given the go- ahead for a multibillion-dollar canal crossing the entire country. supporters say it will rival the panama canal and generate a new source of much-needed income, but many criticize the plan as it gives a hong kong -- based company the sole right to build and operate the waterway. >> former south african president nelson mandela appears to be recovering after undergoing treatment for a severe lung infection. government officials say the anti-apartheid leader is still in serious condition and will remain in hospital for a seventh day. it is his fourth hospitalization since december. >> in greece, workers are protesting for a fourth they against the government's decision to shut down the public broadcaster. it's prime minister's latest attempt to cut state spending. he's pledged to relaunch the station, but hundreds of workers are set to lose their jobs. tanks on the streets, mass arrests, dozens killed and wounded -- that was the official response to mass demonstrations that swe

is itself corrupted because people look back on the result of the trial one sided in the case of nuremberg and the tokyo trials and give less or no attention to the possibility of offenses having been committed by the victorious side one of the real problems for the international criminal court is of course that russia china america are not members of the court but have the power in the security council to refer or to block the referral of other countries to the court now this is manifestly seen as unfair throughout the world and it may actually mean that the international court can and cannot survive that long because why eventually will african countries and other countries put up with a system that exposes them to treatment that russia america china and other countries don't have to face now when you look at the recent conflict they were all highly personified indicates a few of us lobbied was the loss of a child was portrayed as the butcher of the balkans indicates awfully bad what's good dopy the chief criminal and in the case of syria now it is a thought who is supposedly killing his

system and he is a constitutional lawyer you know without the law there is the law of the jungle nuremberg existed for a reason there was a reason to have trials as a reason for due process as bad as corpus called the united states. do you agree i agree totally if you look at his domestic policy he didn't break with the wall street friendly friendly policies the bush administration if you look at his. transparency he claimed to be the transparency president when he was running for office that hasn't been transparent still ready to actually classify more documents under obama than we did under bush all previous presidents one thousand seven hundred two thousand eight indicted three people total under the espionage act obama has already indicted six people under the espionage. the surveillance hasn't stopped and incarcerations without a preview of the trial have it hasn't stopped so those policies it can take it in the war policies and the militarization policies maintain that fighting wars now in yemen and afghanistan which i keeping troops in afghanistan we haven't cut back on the things t

related to hitler's premeditated theft of art and other cultural treasures to be found since the nurembergnow that original documents -- [inaudible] this important aspect are still being located, especially so because of the hundreds of thousands of still-missing cultural rell licks stolen from victims of hitler and the nazis. documents such as these may play a role in helping to solve some of these mysteries, but more importantly, in helping victims to recover their treasures. the national archives is grateful to mr.-- [inaudible] and the monuments men foundation. >> we appeal to people of goodwill from everywhere to join us in el baiting these great heroes in the most appropriate manner possible: preserve and utilize their legacy. >> thank you. thank you for what you did. thank you for coming to be part of this and for telling this story. >> you're welcome. >> thank you so much. thank you, sir. >> let us announce again and again and again to the people of the world that their culture will be cherished as long as they respect the culture of others. god bless you. god bless america. [appla

and he is a constitutional lawyer you know without the law there is the it's the law of the jungle nuremberg existed for a reason there was a reason to have trials as a reason for due process as bad as corpus called the united states. and you agree i agree totally if you look at his domestic policy he didn't break with the wall street friendly friendly policies the bush administration if you look at his. transparency he claimed to be the transparency president when he was running for office that hasn't been transparent still ready to actually classify more documents under obama than we did under bush all previous presidents one thousand seven hundred two thousand eight indicted three people total under the espionage act obama has already indicted six people under the espionage act. the surveillance hasn't stopped and incarcerations without a particular trial have it hasn't stopped so that's politics can take it in the war policies and the militarization policies maintain that we're fighting wars now in yemen afghanistan which i keeping troops in afghanistan we haven't cut back on the things

probably long preceding the nuremberg trial tribunals but certainly out of you know any kind of doctrine that came out about isn't there an obligation that a member of a military has when they have evidence of their government committing war crimes for them to bring that information forward. i would have thought so and one of the slogans i think are important for people to bear in mind this blown the whistle and work crimes is not a crime and it doesn't matter where you witness a crime i have least have been raised if i witness a crime to report it and doesn't matter if it's in the military or. if it's you know us anonymous or politician or whatever so what i find to be troubling about the video in particular because i helped with this video to help bring it out to the general public and i have my name on it as a co-producer what i found to be so deeply disturbing is that no one has been how to count the ball for what happened in this video except the person that released it will help to release it to the world to see because let's bear in mind that it was not on the united states that w

however, it is interesting to note that will manage to survive the war and was not prosecuted and nurembergid appear there as a witness for the prosecution. i'm aware of all of these negotiations going on behind the scenes, monuments officer is determined to find these works of art, which she loved and studied so much. and he took it upon himself, this impulsive risk-taking officer to contact another zero ss man that he had met, an italian-american. he pled for himself to use some of his agents behind enemy lines to try and shed -- track down the whereabouts of the works. he recruited a man with a perfect disguise, a priest who was also a partisan and leader of a brigade that had worked behind the lines. and nellie was recruited to try and use his network and of course what better disguised and wearing the outfit of a priest. but there were difficulties to getting in the areas that need to be. so they decided that they would fly behind enemy lines and allow him to have his very first airplane ride going up. of course, the plane could not land. they had to set him up of the parachutes of lea

however, it is interesting to note that carl wolf managed to survive the war and was not prosecuted at nurembergid appear there as a witness for the prosecution. unaware of all these negotiations going on behind the scenes monuments officer fred heart is determined to find these works of art which he loved in studied so much. he took it upon himself, this impulse of risk-taking officer to contact another 0 s s man that he met, an italian-american and plea for his health to use his agents behind enemy lines to try to track down the whereabouts, he recruited a man with a perfect disguise, a priest who is a partisan and a brigade that worked behind the lines. he was recruited to try to use his net worth and what better disguise than wearing the outfit of a priest. there were difficulties to getting in the areas he needed to be so they decided they would fly behind enemy lines and allow him to have his very first airplane ride going up but the plane couldn't land so they had to sit him at the parachute so he could jump out and the story proliferates that after having jumped out the couple of officer

it was in fact smuggled out of nuremberg into the united states probably by dr.an academic in buffalo. how it ended up there is the subject of a criminal investigation. >>> the united naxs said 93,000 people have been killed in syria's ongoing civil war. bill clinton's registering a disagreement with president obama's limited support for syrian rebels. clinton said the united states should ramp up help to the rebels to give them a fighting chance especially since assad's regime is getting support. >>> governor chris christie looking more and more perhaps like a candidate, not just anybody gets to slow jam the news with jaiimmy fallon. here's what happened last night in case you missed it. >> special election is not about politics, it's about doing the right thing. >> you ain't lying, cece. now look at you, sounding all presidential like. you got something you want to announce on the show right now? >> come on, jimmy, do you really think i'd come on this show to announce a presidential run? >> say whatever you want but we all know in 2016 -- ♪ baby you were born t

they were keeping order in who bavaria when the other cities of nuremberg had been utterly destroyed,7 million dead germans, there is no food, there is no power, there is no running water. it's horrible. so he was there and penn state and he liked it and that he made a career as an army officer. so, we have an interesting role of europe at the end. >> host: where did you grow up? >> guest: i was born in munich and when my dad went back into the army he was sent to salzburg. this is when the u.s. army was still in austria. the first three years of my life were spent austria. the the army hospital happened to be in munich. from there he was an infantry officer of georgia, idaho, francisco, hawaii, pennsylvania. we moved around quite a bit. >> host: what did you do for a living prior to writing? >> guest: i went to the university of chicago and study english. i wanted to be college english professor. it seemed a little sedentary after a while. it didn't seem like the right thing. i got a job after i finished my master's degree in the newspaper business and small pittsburgh kansas. it was

there you -- using the nuremberg defense. it is very surprising because they went beyond that. a scornful press release. they facilitated his flight to moscow which is a country -- excuse me, a city within a country that depend significantly on cooperation, specific to a law-enforcement cooperation with the u.s. is that the we have no leverage, but the country's think that they can ignore us and there will be consequence. stuart: originally when edward snowden left hawaii and went to hong kong, i believe he was held by hat journalists from the guardian, a british left-wing newspaper. do you want to prosecute the journalist? >> i think he should be investigated. we learned yesterday that he actually entered the nsa with the prior intent to steal information and become a spy, basically making him a penetration agent. we also know that the anti-american into surveillance activist to is a guardian reporter was in communication with him at the time. the question is, see also and conspiracy which goes well beyond the definition of journalism and rewards. stuart: what do you think? do

enough -- >> stephanie: his pal in the sense that he interrogated him when he prosecuted him at nurembergtephanie: did he just accuse my father of being a nazi sympathizer. >> pretty much. >> exaggeration. >> stephanie: you took that exaggeration a little too far. >> yeah that's -- >> stephanie: wow. i'm glad my mom can't watch anymore. oh, dear. >> oh goodness gracious. >> stephanie: gill in wisconsin. >> caller: hi benjamin franklin said people who sacrifice liberty to gain security deserve neither. when thurgood marshall was advising martin luther king not to protest within the law -- not to break the law in his civil rights protests martin luther king quoted that sometimes a good man must break up unjust law. and thurgood said but martin when therou wrote that he was in jail. >> stephanie: but is this civil disobesence -- >> but we don't know. >> caller: i'm saying it is two different arguments. is it illegal? or it is wrong. sometimes illegal is right. >> stephanie: but is it up to this guy. >> was it up to martin luther king -- >> stephanie: you are comparing ed snowden to martin lu