you have ended the overregulation of the american economy, and that coupled with what we did last night and what the house finished this morning means america is going to start growing again. thank you, mr. president, for all you're doing. [applause]

my last request is that please do not overregulate cannibis. this is a new industry, we -- it needs to be managed but it also needs to be managed in a responsible way and overregulation will damage it and could kill it. thank you so much. >> good afternoon supervisors. excuse me. my name is greg goodbetter. i'm co-chair of the rose kenya group, a small group of patients that share medicine and activities here in the city. i am also sit on the chair of the board of the mental health here in san francisco. i think i have a good solution to the cry for smoking lounges and it would be a great idea for all of our community to be able to turn around and heal together. a community center in this city is desperately needed where all of us, all different ethnic groups and parts of the medical cannibis community can come together for events and just have harm reduction groups and things like that. these lounges are great idea but that's just what they are, lounges. medical cannibis patients need healing places, places they can have bingo, movie nights, o

system is overregulated. francine: you love history. how did that taint your view of the world?> for one thing, the unexpected will always happen, sooner or later. history tells you that. and we are not very good at predicting it. so what we have to think about is how do we build the system, how do we ensure that the system is resilient when bad things happen, rather than getting into this control mindset that you can somehow eliminate all risks. francine: where you see the biggest disruption coming from in the next 5-10 years? industry, or china? philipp: i think it is technology on the whole. even if you asked me more broadly, technology, the way it will impact people's behavior, the way it will impact democracies, frankly, the way it is impacting media right now -- you are in the midst of this, so you know this better than anybody. i think that technology is all pervasive in many ways. francine: is it impacting inflation? is that why inflation is so tricky to find? philipp: first of all, central banking has something to do with this. there is a framework around central bankin

in europe as well that would be very helpful to go on in this direction because we have just an overregulated especially of small and medium sized banks from the all this regulation be implemented after the big financial crisis but especially united states but suspicious because people who will do this they mainly come from the large investment banks so i wonder will who will profit in the end really a problem for europe is america will change the direction of regulation great britain has a great incentive to change the direction of regulation towards less regulation so if the european train goes very fast in one direction or the other trains going to the other direction questions how long we can be keep on going this direction has been a work of banking expert at the university of whole time thank you father. now as you just heard the international monetary fund says china needs to do more to protect its banks against possible financial risks the i.m.f. says china's largest four banks passed its stress test but the rest have a problem the i.m.f. says three quarters of them are under-capitali

regulation is not the worse thing but overregulation is -- was stifling in our country. you couldn't do anything. we have unleashed u.s. military might on isis and today the coalition against isis has captured 100 percent of the territory once held by the terrorists in iraq and syria. we are close to 100 percent. we will be finished pretty soon with the isis situation in those two countries. and we're making it very difficult for them to come here. believe me. we are fighting very hard. homeland security and our great military. we're restoring immigration enforcement, at levels that our country has never seen before. and taking the fight to the criminal gangs like ms-13 where we are disseminating those animals. they're animals. what they do is horrible. , horrible. and we are making the immigration system work for americans. but why are cleaning out towns of those ms-13 gangsters. that's why we are calling on congress to fund the border wall, which we're getting very close to. we're working on that. we have a great wall. we put up as you know six different varieties of w

think that a sense of pause, delivered pause is not a bad thing, but i wouldn't say that this is overregulatedfrancine: you love history. how did that taint your view of the world? >> for one thing, the unexpected will always happen, sooner or later. history tells you that. and we are not very good at predicting it. so what we have to think about is how do we build the system, ensure that the system is resilient when bad things happen, rather than getting into this control mindset that you can somehow eliminate all risks. francine: where you see the biggest disruption in the next 5-10 years? or china orries technology? philipp: i think it is technology on the whole. even if you asked me more broadly, technology, the way it will impact people's behavior, the way it will impact democracies, frankly, the way it is impacting media right now -- you are in the midst of this, so you know this better than anybody. i think that technology is all pervasive in many ways. francine: is it impacting inflation? is that why inflation is so tricky to find? of all, central banking has something to do with this.

congress has to get in and build laws, regulations around how these -- >> rules for -- >> without overregulating. the point, we should be worried, they should be dangerous and should be looked at, considered, regulated in the right way. >> i'm so paranoid i do things like the camera here on your laptop, put tape over it think i'm being smart. people pointed out, yeah, bhaut about your phone every person in my family over the age of 14 has a phone and laying around the house all the time. >> incredibly fist kasophistica devices. >> and tvs have cameras as well. it's going to become a point, competing, you're not going to necessarily have desktops everywhere but every device will have a competing element that will have connection to the internet i think it makes certain things more convenient. same time, again, paranoia right? that should be the way to approach the world as you approach your fridge or whatever it might be. again, it's -- >> don't go into the kitchen naked. >> for sure. careful what you say >> and on that note of paranoia, we wish everybody a merry christmas. ed, thank you for bein

plenty of regulation, don't worry, plenty of regulation and regulation is not the worst thing but overregulation was stifling our country. we have unleashed u.s. military might on isis and today the coalition to defeat isis has recaptured nearly 100% of the territory once held by the terrorists in iraq and syria. close to 100% and we will be finished pretty soon with the isis situation in those two countries. we are making it difficult for them to come here. we are fighting it very hard, homeland security and our great military. we are restoring immigration enforcement at levels that our country has never seen before and taking the fight to the criminal gangs like ms 13 where we are decimating the animals. they are animals. what they did was horrible. are making the immigration system works for americans and clearing out towns of ms 13 gangsters. that is why we call on congress to fund the border wall which we are getting close to. we are working on that and will have a great wall, six different varieties of wall. we want to see through. we have a lot of help from the border patrol and from ice

congress ultimately has to get in and sort of build laws, build regulations around -- >> without overregulating. >> i don't think that's the point. we should be aware that they could be dangerous and so therefore should be looked at and considered, and regulated in the right way. e cameranow, i am still paranoid that's right here on your laptop. >> put the tape over it. >> and smart and somebody pointed out yeah, but whatr phone? oh, yeah every person in my family who is over the age of 14 has a phone. and, they're laying around the >> and they're incredibly sophisticate devices. >> not to mention the stupid tvs. >> t cameras sometime as well. it's going to become a point where the concept is called ambien computing. you're to have desktops everywhere, but every device is going to have a connection to the internet. it makes certain things convenient but paranoia should be the way you should approach the world as you approach your fridge, or whatever it might be. again, it's -- >> don't go into the kitchen naked. >> that's for sure. be careful what you say. >> and on that note of paranoia, we wi

you hold the record. ( applause ) you've ended the overregulation of the american economy, and that,pled with what we did last night and what the house finished this morning, means america is going to start growing again. thank you, mr. president, for all you're doing. ( applause ) >> first of all, what this represents is a promise that each and every one of us made to the american people last year is a promise that is kept today. ( cheers and applause ) something this big, something this generational, something this profound could not have been done without exquisite presidential leadership. mr. president, thank you for getting us over the finish line. thank you for getting us where we are. ( applause ) i just want to quickly just say a thanks because this has been such a team effort from everybody. i want to thank gary cohn and steve mnuchin from the president's economic team for what they did to get us here. ( applause ) i want to thank my partner mitch mcconnell over in the senate for getting us to where we are. and i want to thank these two chairmen, orrin hatch and kevin brady,

and it's not merely a function of overregulation, it's actually lower costs and better environmentalngle largest source of generating capacity in the country. david: right. but aren't there some kinds of regulatory relief to the coal companies, specifically allowing them more freedom to export to other countries, isn't that a good thing not only for those countries to whom we're exporting, but also for our country's economy? >> certainly. we won't disagree with if a coal company wants to export their product, that's a business decision they should make and, in fact, at least one company has said that's benefited their bottom line tremendously this year, and we think that's a great use of america's resources. david: i agree with you, i don't want subsidies where they don't belong, i'm not for crony capitalism at all. if it's just a matter of deregulation of what theç coal companies have had to deal with, the overregulation they've been summited to, you're not opposed to that. >> i think what's important is that we keep in mind the perspective of consumer benefits and low cost. and th

[applause] you have ended the overregulation of the american economy and that, coupled with what we didnight, and what the house finished us morning, means america is going to start growing again. thank you mr. president for all you are doing. [applause] all,mcconnell: first of what this represents is a promise that each and every one of us made to the american people. it is a promise that has been cap today. [applause] speaker ryan: something this this and something profound could not have been done without exquisite presidential leadership. mr. president, thank you for getting us over the finish line. thank you for getting us where we are. [applause] i just want to quickly say a thanks. this has been such a team effort. i want to thank gary cohen and steve mnuchin. [applause] speaker ryan: i want to thank my partner which mcconnell in the senate and i want to thank these two chairman, orrin hatch and kevin brady. thank you for your leadership on this. [applause] speaker ryan: it is really simple. the message to the hard-working taxpayers of america is your tax relief is on its way. th

you have ended the overregulation of the american economy, and that coupled with what we did last night what the house finished this morning means america is going to start growing again. thank you, mr. president, for all you're doing. [applause] the speaker: what this represents is a promise that each and every one of us made to the american people last year is a promise that is kept today. [applause] the speaker: something this big, something this generational, something this profound could not have been done without exquisite presidential leadership. mr. president, thank you for getting us over the finish line and thank you for getting us where we are. [applause] the speaker: i just want to say this is a team effort from everybody. thank gary cohn and steve mnuchin from the president's team to get us here. [applause] the speaker: i thank mitch mcconnell and these two chairmen, orrin hatch and kevin brady. thanks for your leadership on this. [applause] the speaker: it is really simple. the message to the hard-working message to the american taxpayer is your relief is on its way. the m

however when the baby comes out all of a sudden we don't trust the mother's body anymore now we must overregulated we must put it into rules we must say oh no no no you must follow these rules you must do it this way whatever happened to the trusting of the body. only back to. back you know. from a sandwich in part. because you can be nasty. by. the receiver. but i'm actually as a finds out there i'm actually going to have him. come to. the here or there so i don't want. to or i didn't know who. it was so yeah by the clock i saw. it's. with my first two were natural on your birthday she was actually a week late and they wanted to do so i said no more than away finally i started having some contractions amazing let's go and there were a lot of women waiting in the tree before they sent us to labor and delivery and then a doctor came in and said do you want to get up there trask and i said well i don't know sugar and she said well if i break your water then they're going to send you up there but just don't tell any of the doctors that i broke your water and it didn't break naturally. so she stuck he

the manifesto group campaigns against what they call the overregulation on ordinary life.een issued, making a wide range of activities a criminal offence. on begging, blackpool wanted to ban loitering around shop entrances. doncaster wanted to target people being a nuisance. brighton wanted to stop anyone and sleeping in a car, caravan or tent in the town. fines of up to £100 can be issued for any breaches of these orders. the local government association says it will work constructively with the government to introduce the new guidelines. public spaces protection 0rders are used for the really serious end of antisocial behaviour and councils don't choose to do this on their own. residents will come to us, businesses will come to us, and say there might be some aggressive begging, daytime drinking or even street racing. that is the sort of things that these orders are used for. the revised guidelines say councils must focus on specific problems rather than blanket bans on behaviour that are not in themselves antisocial. and they must make sure they consult the public befor

[applause] you have ended the overregulation of the american economy and that, coupled with what we didt night and what the house finished this morning, means america is going to start growing again. thank you, mr. president, for all you are doing. [applause] speaker ryan: what this represents is a promise that each and everyone of us made to the american people last year. it is a promise that is kept today. [applause] mr. ryan: something this big, something this generational, something this profound could not have been done without exquisite presidential .eadership mr. president, thank you for getting us over the finish line. thank you for getting us where we are. [applause] i just want to say thanks. this has been such a team effort. i want to thank gary cohen and steve mnuchin from the president's team for what they did to get us here. i want to thank mitch mcconnell in the senate for getting us two, we are and these orrin hatch and kevin brady. thank you for your leadership on this. it is really simple. the message to the hard-working taxpayers of america is your tax relief is on it

30 of 47 provisions of title two because we didn't think it would be in the public interest to overregulate broadband. >> robert mcdowell, former republican commissioner on the f.c.c., you've heard a little bit of this discussion. what's your true? >> first of all, thanks for having me back. always great to be on. always great to be on with my old friend. happy holidays to everybody. so, hopefully the end of the semmingt we can say the same thing. but i think the important to talk about history and there's a lot being written about this debate and so thank you for having this opportunity for to us kind of go into what are the facts and what is the history and what does it mean for consumers and entrepreneurs. there are a lot of articles out there that are being writ than are clearly clickbate. the commissioner has a good point much that was a good clip to play. if we are going to define net neutrality as maximum internet freedom for consumers and entrepreneurs and everybody in this space, really the debate is over which federal statute that already exists is the best to do that. to protect

go to mars, the problem with justice and no concern for individual liberty , you wind up with overregulation, over taxation, you wind up with totalitarianism. you wind up with government dominated society which is a nightmare. at the same time, on the other hand, if you only go with liberty, me myself and i, leave me alone, i'll do whatever i want and that we can tell meod anything, i don't care about justice, you wind up with a different type of iftyranny. corporate attorney in that survival of the fittest, the fittest wind up with all the power and you got corporations that own your media, run your government, and that's a nightmare. justice without liberty is a nightmare. liberty without justice is a nightmare. in other words, we need each other. i've never seen a bird fly with only a left-wing. i've never seen a bird fly with only a right wing. it takes two wings to fly. we need each other, let's but let'structively not only fight otherwise will lose the country. thank you very much. [applause] so, there's a line that can form right there. here's what will happen. the first person is goi

30 of 47 provisions of title ii because we didn't think it would be in the public interest to overregulate broadband. >> host: well, robert mcdowell, former republican commissioner on the fcc, you've herald a little built of this discussion. what's your view? >> guest: first of all, thanks for having me back, peter. it's great to be on, and happy holidays to everyone. hopefully, at the end of the segment we can say the same thing. [laughter] i think it's important to talk about history, and, you know, there's a lot being written about this debate, and so thank you for having opportunity for us to kind of go into what are the facts and what is the history, and what does it actually mean for consumers and entrepreneurs. there are a lot of articles that are purely click bait. so commissioner carr has a good point, that was a good clip to play . we are going to define net neutrality's maximum internet freedom for consumers and entrepreneurs and everybody in this space, really the debate is over which federal statute that already exists is the best to do that to protect consumers. if you look a

when we see the sender the new administration with the overregulation of the economy think we all have a sense that america is coming back as an economic engine in the world we need to do that because we need to learn the way for the world economy. in the standard of living in america continues to be something we can achieve then we have enjoyed that's a legacy we have inherited. in a dangerous world where the former director of national intelligence said in his 50 years he'd never seen a more diverse array of threats than he did today we cannot ignore that. we have to some of the prosperity for common defense. that's another important thing, agree on a topline spending number for national defense spending. the been trying to cash a peace dividend when there is no peace. for at least pieces threatened at places around the world that the south china sea or syria or north korea or in europe with russia on the much threatening nato and our european allies. we need a strong economy. so wages can increase so we can do what we need to do as a country. i realize the positive analogies like th

overregulation and a lousy tax code. >> economists believe we will do much better. take a look at the current economy. based on stagnant obamacare numbers. we don't have to do much to get up to higher numbers, because these last two quarters we have .ut over 3% economic growth we have already many new jobs created since the day president trump was elected. when you do regulatory relief as well as tax relief, i think we are going to have an accelerated growth of the economy beyond what people are predicting. >> i think you'll find that economists don't agree on this. >> you are comfortable with your vote on this tax bill? >> no. i want to see what comes out. addedeve the amendments i on medical expense deductions, proper pretax -- property tax , i got a commitment we are going to past two bills, including one i sponsored that will help the individual mandate repeal by lowering premiums. i also got an ironclad have met -- an ironclad commitment we won't see cuts in the medicare program. >> three things about this -- this process that just stunk. this was swamped 101.

i agree with you about overregulation.dy: that's good news for people facing daunting diagnoses. finally people are getting the right to try and getting some of the drugs and therapies they deserve. thank you so much for your time and happy new year. kennedy: police across the country are calling for body cams on geese after a vicious attack at a gas station. is this a phone? or a little internet machine? it makes you wonder: shouldn't we get our phones and internet from the same company? that's why xfinity mobile comes with your internet. you get up to 5 lines of talk and text at no extra cost. so all you pay for is data. see how much you can save. choose by the gig or unlimited. xfinity mobile. a new kind of network designed to save you money. call, visit, or go to xfinitymobile.com. kennedy: tonight is our second to the last show of 2017. we wanted to look back at some of our favorite videos of the year. delete your search history because this is the "topical storm." topic number one. we begin with brigham young univers

i agree with you about overregulation.at's good news for people facing daunting diagnoses. finally people are getting the right to try and getting some of the drugs and therapies they deserve. thank you so much for your time and happy new year. kennedy: police across the country are calling for body cams on geese after a vicious cams on geese after a vicious atyour insurance company won't replace the full value of your totaled new car. the guy says, "you picked the wrong insurance plan." no, i picked the wrong insurance company. with new car replacement™, we'll replace the full value of your car plus depreciation. liberty mutual insurance. when a achoo!alls... ...answer it. with zicam cold remedy. it shortens colds, so you get better, faster. colds are gonna call. answer them with zicam! zicam. get your better back. now in delicious fruit drops. ♪ prices of the season' on the only bed that adjusts on both sides to your ideal comfort your sleep number setting. and snoring? does your bed do that? it's the lowest prices of th

[applause] [applause] you've ended the overregulation of the american economy.t coupled with what we did last night and what the house finished this morning means america is going to start growing again. thank you, mr. president, for all you're doing. [applause] >> first of all, what this represents is a promise that each and every one of us made to the american people last year, is a promise that is kept today. [applause] something this big, something this generational, something this profound could not have been done without exquisite presidential leadership. mr. president, thank you for getting us over the finish line. thank you for getting us where we are. [applause] i just want to say a thanks. this has been a team effort from everybody. i want to thank gary cohn and steve mnuchin from the president's economic team for what they did to get us here. [applause] i want to thank my partner, mitch mcconnell in the senate for getting us to where we are. i want to thank these two chairman, orrin hatch and kevin brady. thank you for your leadership on this. [applau

a sense of pause, a deliberate pause is not a bad thing, but i wouldn't say that the system is overregulatedyou love history. how did that taint your view of the world? >> for one thing, the unexpected will always happen, sooner or later. i think history tells you that. and we are not very good at predicting it. so what we have to think about is how do we build the system, ensure that the system is resilient when bad things happen, rather than getting into this control mindset that you can somehow eliminate all risks. francine: where do you see the biggest disruption in the next five to ten years? is it industries or china or technology? philipp: i think it is technology on the whole. even if you asked me more broadly, technology, the way it will impact people's behavior, the way it will impact democracies, frankly, the way it is impacting media right now -- you are in the midst of this, so you know this better than anybody, i think that technology is all pervasive in many ways. francine: is it impacting inflation? is that why inflation is so tricky to find? philipp: first of all, central ba

. >> you've ended the overregulation of the american economy. and that, coupled with what we did last night, and what the house finished this morning, means america is going to start growing again. thank you, mr. president for all you're doing. [applause] >> something this big, something this generational, something this profound could not have been done without exquisite presidential leadership. mr. president, thank you for getting us over the finish line. thank you for getting us where we are. this gets the american economy competitive in the global economy. this is one of the most important things we could do for all of the people we represent. >> and we're going to keep fighting and we're going to make this the greatest presidency that we have seen not only in generations but maybe ever. god bless all of you. >> they have been working on this for years. years and years. and i just want to turn around and i want to thank them all. they are very,very special people. thank you very much, everybody. >> judge jeanine: as a result of the tax bill

it's a delicate balance of overregulation. >> they can -- government has the capability to figure out countermeasures, for example, sanctions. i think we have to see less backbiting from the congress toward the silicon valley and more cooperation. you've got to say, look, if we're going to solve this, we have to work in partnership with the west coast, not in opposition. >> one other thing in "washington post" on the op-ed page, former white house intel chief, mike rogers, also contributor here, acting cia director mike morrell warned that the santa ana cybrussian c could continue. "policies prevent amor have sears from a-- prevent adser have sears from achieving their objectives while imposing significant costs, we have seen neither." >> if you look at the response to his incursions in crimea, in syria, where i think the russians have won, the response in the last election -- i speak to him and there's only so many times i can tell him what did you do in the election, what's the cost russians to try to undermine the american electoral pra process and society by saying there should be

administration along withepa the congressional review act where we repeal back some of the onerous overregulation of the economy with consumer confidenci in a 16 year high, i think we all have the sense that american is coming back as an economic engine and as a leading economic engine in the world and we needt to do that because we need to e. lead the way for the worldg economy. a we need tome make sure that the standard of living continues toa be something that we can achieve, better standard ofacy e living for our children and grandchildren, that we ourselves have enjoyed. that is the legacy we've par inherited from our parents and grandparents and yes, in aas t dangerous world where the former y intelligence said in his 50 dars of the intelligence committee had never seen a more. diverse array of threats that he mean did today. we can't ignore that. which means we have to use some of that prosperity for our common defense.hi that is another important thing we will have to do for the endnu of this year and agree on the top line is spending number for national defense spending the because we we

times regulations are issued to protect consumers, to protect people, to make things safe but overregulation is bad for business an or and bad for the economy so the trump administration is doing a great job finding where they can rollback and they have three new regulations, so it's just most of the regulations. >> charles: and so the ball is rolling here. at what point do they need congressional help because obviously you can create these through executives and also remove them that way as well. >> that's right and i do think congress has been pretty proactive on this. if you look at the cra, when congress gets to review a regulation can yank it, 14 times in the last year alone they've repealed obama-era regulations so you do see the checks and balances operating in a better way and then you saw under the obama administration it was just jam this through. >> charles: the power of the pen back in the old days guys thank you both very very much. speaking of which the fcc voted on party lines today to undue those sweeping obama-era net neutrality rules that guarantee equal access to the inter

administration along with the congressional review acts where we repealed back some of the onerous overregulation of the economy, with consumer confidence at a 16-year high i think we all have the sense that america is coming back as an economic engine, as a leading economic engine in the world. and we need to do that. we need to lead the way for the world economy. we need to make sure that the standard of living in america be something that we can achieve a better standard of living for our children and our grandchildren that we ourselves have enjoyed. that's the legacy we've inherited from our parents and grandparents. and, yes,ts in a dangerous world where the former director of national intelligence, james clap arer, said in his 50 years in the intelligence community he had never seen a more diverse array of threats than he did today. and we can't ignore that, which means we have to use some of that prosperity for our common defense. and that's another important thing we're going to have to do before the end of this year, is agree onr a top-line spending number for national defense spending.

it has overspent, overestimated, and overregulated. it has failed to deliver services within the revenue it should be allowed to raise from taxes. in the 34 years since the end of world war ii, it has spent $448 billion more than it has ollected in taxes. $448 billion of printing press money which has made er dollar you earn worth less and less. host: how applicable is that at then would be president ronald reagan said to today when it comes to the economy? guest: i think some is still very applicable. that was almost 40 years ago. the government has added a lot of regulations that didn't exist back then and they hinder a lot of industries. so on the question of deregulation a lot of that is still applicable. when he was speaking then the top tax rate was 70%, there were over 15 brackets even after the last bill taxes are lower for most people than 40 years ago. so i think the tax question has now been pretty much dealt with. but there's still regulation that needs to be dealt with in order to make a number of american industries more

you've ended the overregulation of the american economy, and that coupled with what we did last night and what the house finished this morning means america is going to start growing again. thank you, mr. president, for all you're doing. [ applause ] >> first of all, what this represents is a promise that each and every one of us made to the american people last year is a promise that is kept today. [ applause ] something this big, something this generational, something this profound could not have been done without exquisite presidential leadership. mr. president, thank you for getting us over the finish line. thank you for getting us where we are. i just want to quickly say, such a team effort from everybody. i want to thank gary cohen and steve mnuchin from the president's economic team for what they did to get us here. i want to thank my partner mitch mcconnell over in the senate for getting us to where we are and thank these two chairman, orrin hatch and kevin brady. thank you so much for your leadership on this. [ applause ] it is really simple. the message to the hard-working t

it has overspent, overestimated, and overregulated.t has failed to deliver services within the revenue it should be allowed to raise from taxes. in the 34 years since the end of spent $448i, it has billion more than it has collected in taxes. billion of printing press money which has made every dollar you earn worth less and less. host: how applicable is that, what then would be president ronald reagan said when it comes to the economy? guest: i think some of it is still very applicable. that was almost 40 years ago. the government had a lot of regulations, is on the question of deregulation, a lot of that is still applicable. when he was speaking, the tax rate was 70% at almost 15 brackets. taxes are lower for most people than they were 40 years ago. i think the tax question his delving pretty much dealt with. but there's still regulation that needs to be dealt with in order to make a number of american industries more competitive. host: gary is on the independent line from philadelphia. good morning. caller: good morning. guest: merr