norilsk is a city situated above the polar circle in russian siberia.s a city situated above the polar circle in russian siberia. it is one of the most northern cities in the world. with a population of 180,000 people. my mother, she lived above the polar circle during her youth and she told me lots of stories about it, and i was really interested to explore, to understand how it is to live with the polar or polar day. —— the polar night or a polar day. and how it is actually the life, in these latitudes. i chose norilsk because it has an interesting history. it is situated in a kind of installation that isolation, because it has no ground links with other cities of russia. it is a very extreme place. for me, the main idea was to talk about the adaptation of this environment, to this climate. almost in every building we can find a solarium and people go quite often there. it is not a luxury, it is needed. it is also very common. when there are stronger snowstorms, columns of buses are organised twice a day and workers are brought to the mines or the pla

my mother, she lived above the polar circle during her youth and she told me lots of stories about itly interested to explore, to understand how it is to live with the polar or polar day. and how it is actually the life, in these latitudes. i chose norilsk because it has an interesting history. it is situated in a kind of installation that isolation, because it has no ground links with other cities of russia. it is a very extreme place. for me, the main idea was to talk about the adaptation of this environment, to this climate. almost in every building we can find a solarium and people go quite often there. it is not a luxury, it is needed. when there are stronger snowstorms, columns of buses are organised twice a day and workers are brought to the mines or the plants by these buses. polar night, it comes very slowly. one moment you understand that there is no more daylight. for me, it is very important to see sun for a good mood. so for me, one moment, it started to be very hard and heavy, i felt psychologically not good. after two months i even started to have, like, this feeling, k

spent a lot of time up there and in the polar circle, especially when my kids were younger, they wereuse my wife at the time came from those areas. so i know about the polar lights, for example, i know about these nights that go on forever, which is terrifying. i don't understand how people can survive the, because the sunjust sort people can survive the, because the sun just sort of pops up a little bit, and then it goes down again. that idea of desolation leads to another idea of insecurity and lack of safety, because you don't know if anyone is there, you don't know if you are safe. were you ever terrified in that area? you create a terrifying atmosphere there. yes, i was. and they have been kind of skiing in areas where they didn't know... there was nothing, no marks, no landscape that you can rely on. and it was the same in every direction. 360 degrees ofjust white. and that is terrifying. that is an experience you don't... white. and that is terrifying. that is an experience you don't. .. so did you use a gps or a compass? what did you... at that time it was a compass. everybody

polar ice reflect sunlight which until now. help to put a brake on global warming as this ice melts the oceans will capture more of the sun's heat this vicious circle will cause even more ice to melt. the cascade effects like these all over the world would further accelerate global warming. beyond 3 degrees more and more glaciers will vanish rivers will run dry and arid regions will become even more parched. and even the world's great rain forests like the amazon would disappear bit by bit . an increase of more than 4 degrees would bring near constant drought to southern europe heat would make parts of the us and the middle east virtually uninhabitable. and much of the world's population would suffer from a scarcity of water countless people would die of heat and disease. even more would die of hunger as crop failure and famine become more widespread. other places will have to cope with too much water rising water levels will pose a global threats including 2 major cities such as hamburg mumbai shanghai and do your work. each additional degree of warming will force more and more people to flee their homes. some to seek food and water others to esca

circle in scenes described by experts as unprecedented. higher temperatures and a greater frequency of lightning are partly to blame. in order to better understand what's been happening in our polarns during 2019, i've come here to the scott polar research institute at the university of cambridge. it's the oldest dedicated polar research institute in the world. and professor julian dowdeswell is the director. so, julian, tell me a little bit about the work that goes on here. our main expertise, i suppose, of where we put most of our resource is what we call the icy world and in particular, ice and environmental change. and, of course, a huge amount has changed since captain scott, shackleton and edward wilson first went into the interior of antarctica. scott's first expedition collected over 20 volumes of data concerning the antarctic at that time, which provides arguably the earliest baseline against which we can judge contemporary change in that part of the polar regions. and over that hundred years, how has our perception of and our relationship with the polar regions changed, because they're very much at the forefront of our minds these days? when i started in the field as a