polio. so he was speaking to the boys there. he spent a little time at the camp. and then he went to campo bella island which was the roosevelt summer home off the coast of maine. and a few days after arriving at the island he didn't feel well. he was achey and tired. thought he was coming down with a minor bug. he decided to go to bed early. he walked up the steps to the second floor. that was the last time he would ever walk unaided again. when he woke up the next morning he could barely stand. within a couple days he couldn't stand at all. you can imagine how devastating that must have been for him. he didn't know what he had. didn't know if it was a permanent condition. for the first time in his life, f.d.r. knew what fear and despair were. he knew what loss was. he'd lost the use of his legs. up until that time, f.d.r. really had the charmed life. he had a wonderful home, wonderful family. he had a comfortable lifestyle. after that, he would understand what people during the great depre

him -- millions of lives with the smallpox has been eradicated in the surge of other diseases like polio or chickenpox are a thing of the past not only about great achievements of public health paul so the men and women and children who help to make these vaccines possible for those so contemporary interviews of the key players of those individuals are kept alive on played in public -- of the pages. dr. wadman does not shy away from vaccine experiments "the vaccine race" reminds us we learn from the past so the story written in the future is more ethically grounded so it is not just for the nerd but those interested in american history and politics. we're very lucky dr. wadman is here with us today. [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> thanks to the of gas and also to the gaithersburg book festival organizers said cannot think of a better way to spend a saturday them with those who love to read and write. was born between medical family my mother was a public health nurse my father was a doctor we grew up with the idea that vaccinations were good and important but not until as ad medi

polio's were coming there. mr. roosevelt bought the place, turned it into a fine rehabilitation facility, which it is today still and in 1928 he was convinced to run for governor of new york. he won by a whisker. we spent four years there in albany, at the governor's mansion where he lived with the roosevelt's and we began the practice, which continues to this day of myself being the backup hostess to mrs. roosevelt so she could continue to be his eyes and ears and do many of the other causes and interests she has. so, the very exciting election of 1932, mr. roosevelt carried 42 other 48 states and all but 59 electoral votes. that's what i call a victory. electoral and popular. we went to the white house taking office in march, 1933. some dreadful dreadful things have happened before them, the most serious of which was the banking crisis. banks all over the country were failing and taking the life savings of americans and mr. roosevelt and his advisers were going to try to use an old world war ii piece of banki

it's the first time that he's been there since he was stricken with polio in 1920, so we just finished the 100 days of our administration it ended yesterday on june 16, and bought a 100 days. i don't think there will ever be another one like it. [applause] marvelous, this is an audience full of democrats. i heard there were not that many in duchess county. [laughter] at any rate, it makes your head spin to think that all that happened in that 100 days, but the banking system was saved, unemployment problems were addressed but they are still severe. it's going to get better. the president who sometimes asks mr. roosevelt which he does for a living sometimes will say i'm the president of the united states and sometimes he will say i'm a tree farmer from duchess county, so i think that he rather prefers the tree farmer to be honest but one of the things he thought of was to create the tree army of civilian conservation corps, so as we speak, young men by the thousands are going into the forest to plant trees, to build picnic shelters, create parks. it's going to be a truly wonderful thing

in 1921, roosevelt contracted polio that left him paralyzed permanently from the waist down. initially, he withdrew from politics completely. and really it was a crisis in his life and a period were he sort of disappeared from politics for a period of time. during that period, he focused on trying to find a cure for his condition, although, he never was able to walk again unassisted. but he also worked on building up his body, trying to figure out a way to plausibly be able to reenter political life. and so, he built up his upper body and is looking for ways to be able to stand in public and to be able to at least approximate some sort of ability to walk in public. in order to do that, he had to use very heavy steel braces. these are an example from our collection. these weighed about 10 pounds. they locked at the knees. it was only with the assistance of braces like this that would allow him to stand. but in order to be able to mimic the ability to walk in public, he needed to do more. so, he would take a cane, like this one, which belonged to him. and he would often lock ar

in 1921, he contracted polio which left him paralyzed permanently from the waist down. initially, he withdrew from politics completely. and it was a crisis in his life and a time when he disappeared from politics. he focused onme, trying to find a cure for his condition although he never was able to walk again unassisted. on building worked up his body, trying to figure out a way to plausibly be able to reenter political life. and so, he built up his upper body and he was looking for ways to be able to stand in public and to be able to approximate and ability to walk in public. in order to do that, he had to use very heavy steel braces. these are an example from our collection. these weighed about 10 pounds and locked at the knees. it was only through the use of braces like these that fdr was able to stand. that allowed him to stand. but, to be able to have an ability to walk in public, he needed to do more. cane, like this one that long to him, and he would often lock arms with a very strong companion. and then supporting himself on those two sources, he would hitch hi

the public knew that fdr had contracted polio and he had some form of disability. but what really was not understood was how great of a disability it was. this incredible photograph of fdr is taken right in front of the home here in hyde park on election night in 1936. of course he is beaming because , he has just won a tremendous victory. this was a huge landslide. he wins every state in the nation except for maine and vermont. his mother is to the left of him. two of his sons. and on the far right, eleanor roosevelt. this victory was so immense that fdr really felt confident going into his second term. that he would be able to expand the new deal. he had all kinds of ambitious plans for what he wanted to do on the domestic front during the second term. but, as a lot of presidents find out as they go into the second term, events can sometimes take surprising turns. in fact, his second term turned out to be a lot different than he thought it would be. very early in the second term, fdr is involved in a big conflict with congress. he becomes concerned that the supre

he did get polio until his late 30's. at that point he went into almost seclusion. he had been the vice presidential candidate in 1920, a nationally known public figure. he had been an assistant secretary to the navy. as determined to walk again. the american people knew that he had polio. he got this enormous standing ovation. he would use these steel braces on his legs to be able to brace himself. people knew he was crippled in some way, but very people knew he was completely paralyzed from the waist down. there was tremendous prejudice that fit about people who were disabled. there was a fairly widespread belief that if you were physically disabled, you might be mentally disabled. they wanted to downplay his physical disability. the press was not allowed to photograph him in his wheelchair. he was doingen speeches are bringing people into the oval office or this room, he would get in the wheelchair, be transferred to one of his chairs, so you would just be sitting in a chair. and photographer at a public event, and he was being helped out of a car or put in a whe

from polio, on the debt, and i said, mum, why did you choose those?have an answer to that. that was the beginning of our conversation and it was a conversation that would go on for quite sometime. it was not easy. she did not immediately accept me but there was a lot of unlearning to be done. a lot of that happened when she met my gay and lesbian friends when she came to my graduation from ucla film school and she heard the stories of gay and lesbian young people. and they didn't match up with what she heard from the mormon prophet, the military, those personal stories, not political stories, not about the constitution or science, personal stories from these young people and myself eventually and raced the generations of homophobia she had learnt from the church and from the state and it was gone “— the church and from the state and it was gone —— erased. i will never forget after a night near my graduation when she spent an entire evening with my gay friends, that she finally held me and huntony and in those tears i knew that the lies and distortions

his triumph over polio was astonishing. his more leadership in the major decisions is an example that you don't have to be full-time on the job to make important strategic decisions which work out. in the case of churchill, there is no more heroic example of a war of national survival thing presided over by a prime minister who would never give in. one of his great speeches was never give in. if guts and glory go together, churchill gets most of the glory because he had most of the guts. this question is a good one. it talks about trump, prime minister may, and putin. there is enough controversy in world war ii -- [applause] lewis: i hope you will forgive me for passing it. this is a complicated question. do you think churchill and roosevelt should be held accountable for their knowledge of concentration camps and rampant jewish oppression and their failure to do anything about it? permit me to contest the implication of the question. they did not do nothing about it. most of you might remember from history books and high s

you know, if you give a polio vaccine once somebody has polio, you can understand why it doesn't workaying that maybe those drugs haven't worked because the person already had alzheimer's? >> kawas: exactly. and maybe if we give them early enough, it might work. >> stahl: but how can you test drugs on people before they develop the disease, when you don't know who among us is going to get it? dr. tariot and the executive director at the banner alzheimers institute, dr. eric reiman, realized there was a place where you could know who was going to get alzheimer's-- antioquia. >> kosik: and that's when my phone began to ring. >> stahl: by then, ken kosik had been studying the colombian extended family for 15 years. >> kosik: received a call from the people at banner. and they said, you know, "you have this family. we know when they're going to get it. we know who's going to get it. can we start treating before the disease strikes?" >> stahl: kosik connected tariot and reiman with dr. lopera, who by that time had identified hundreds of people who carried the gene mutation, guaranteeing th

in fact, he's even using polio, the disease that killed people for centuries, injecting it into the tumor to attack it directly. aggressive tumor, aggressive treatment. >> i think something that is pivotal is the combination of your ll treating this disease at both the patient and institutional level. >> reporter: friedman says this is kind of like entering a sporting arena. you have to want to win. doctors think mccain can do this. this is often called an orphan disease. only 13,000 people die from this every year, so there's not a lot of attention on this. it's about 1/10th of those killed by lung cancer. so not a lot of money. not a lot of research, and debra, doctors say money is key, and they hope high profile cases like this change the landscape, and get more attention and more money into treating glioblastoma and the causes and the cure. we did a facebook live earlier. i also wrote a column about this on wusa9.com. just wanted to share my personal story. we talked about ted kennedy, and when this happens, you think about, i think about what these men are going through. esteemed ame

at duke university, they're taking inactivateed polio virus and injecting it directly into the cancer to stimulate the immune system to come and kill it. they're having some really interesting results from that. >> mason: so i've heard getting medicine into the brain can be very difficult, though. >> reporter: that's right. it's called the blood-brain barrier. it's hard for drugs to get in. one really interesting approach is to use nanoparticles. you put the medication inside those and use it to sneak into the brain, and then it gets released and hopefully will fight the cancer, but at the end of the day, this is a tough cancer. the senator is certainly in for a big fight, and we need a ton more research. >> mason: all right. dr. jon lapook, thank you. late today the minneapolis police chief spoke for the first time about the fatal police shooting of a yoga instructor from australia. the chief was critical of the officer's actions. jamie yuccas is in minneapolis. jamie? >> reporter: minneapolis police chief janea said justine did not have to die. justine damond was shot to death by mi

will never forget pointing to her crutches — because she was paralysed from polio — on the bed, and iyou choose those? and she didn't have an answer for that. that was the beginning of our conversation and it was a conversation that would go on for quite some time. it was not easy. she did not immediately accept me, but there was a lot of unlearning that had to be done. a lot of that unlearning happened when she met my gay and lesbian friends when she came to my graduation from ucla's film school and she started to hear the stories of gay and lesbian young people. and they didn't match up with what she heard from the mormon prophet, orfrom the military, or from teh state at the time, those personal stories, not political stories, not about the constitution or science, personal stories from these young people and myself eventually erased the generations of homophobia she had learnt from the church and from the state and it was gone. i will neverforget, after a night near my graduation, when she spent an entire evening with my gay friends, that she finally held me and hugged me, and in

remember scott pelley did a report where they injected a polio virus into a tumor.here's an electrical cap that people put on to try to disrupt the field. one of the things that cancer does which makes it so deadly is it hides itself from your immune system. it cloaks itself. these remedies strip the cloak and say, there it is, i'm going to kill you. >> the thing about glioblastoma is it makes finger-like projections that makes it difficult to remove, is that right? >> that's right. the problem with glioblastoma is by the time it's there, there are tiny microscopic ones that spread elsewhere which is why you need other treatment. >> he has been treated three times, believe, for malignant melanoma, but is it related? >> i don't think it is related. i thought, it's a benign little blood clot -- little but benign, why wait for it? i was thinking it could be malignant the ta sized in the brain. so did others. it didn't come from somewhere else. it started in the brain. >> let me ask this. they probably weren't looking for this? >> we don't know a lot of the details. the

accompany roosevelt to warm springs, georgia where he would stay for long times to get treatment for his polio. he started going to georgia when he was governor of new york. he met someone named daisy bonner, one of my favorite characters in this book. and she would go for long time to ingratiate themselves with the president, the apps family lend daisy bonner to her, she would stay in a cottage, a little white house in warm spring, introduced to all kinds of specialty. this is a dish that is very popular in georgia but as a chicken curry dish. she and president roosevelt would joke about it, there were 45 ingredients. that was there private joke. also cooked a lot of southern delicacies but the one the are loved was pigs feet. he loved pigs feet. the way daisy bonner would put these, she would boil them, and take them out of the pot and broil them and butter them and that is how he liked them. stay with me. it is going to get worse for a second. one of the other interesting stories was fdr served pigs feet in the white house to winston churchill. what he served -- alonso fields, a long time b

. >> those who could rushing out of the marco polio condominium project.hters telling some residents to shelter in place. helping others through the blinding, suffocating smoke to safety. >> smoke, smoke. so many smokes. >> residents watching in disbelief from a distance the thick plooums visible for miles. >> horrendous. there was flames shooting out and black smoke. >> a dozen people injured and at least three people killed found in two different units on the 26th floor. 54-year-old brit -- calling co-workers at hawaiian airlines soon after the blaze began saying he was hiding under a bed, unable to get to his 85-year-old mother e-mail have a janine, neither making it out alive. >> i drove down there, and basically watched his floor be consumed. >> fire investigators at the scene tonight still piecing together what caused the fire, but officials say what is clear is how much of this devastation was likely preventible. >> if there were sprinklers in this apartment, the fire would be contained to the unit of origin. >> sprinklers were nowhere in this high-

can putuniversity, they the polio virus into the brain cancer which makes it more foreign to the immuneystem and the immune system can attack the cancer. there are several cases reported to have had this there be with dramatic responses in brain cancer that failed almost everything and they are alive years later. so there is hope for the first time in this disease. charlie: what causes this disease? >> it is luck of the draw, unfortunately. there are genetic associations with a mutant gene. but in most cases, it is luck of the draw. the amazing thing about it is even though the margins were clear, he comes back in almost all cases. decades ago, they took out half of the brain with this cancer and there was no better outcomes than when they take out just the cancer itself because these tentacles go throughout the brain. amazing adaptive mechanism in this cancer. charlie: does brain cancer spread faster than most cancers or not? >> many cancers are limited to where they can spread. the brain is an area where they can keep invading. it is very hard to go in and do things because we need to

remember scott pelley did a piece on "60 minutes" down at duke where they injected polio virus into a tumor to get some immune reaction to that. there's an electrical cap that people put on to create disrupting electrical fields. one of the things that cancer does which makes it so deadly is it hides itself from your immune system. it cloaks itself. a lot of these new therapies are to strip that cloak away and say, oh, there it is, i'm going to go out and kill you -- kill it. >> the thing about glioblastoma is it makes finger-like projects through the brain and that's what makes it difficult to treat, right? >> that's right. they say they were able to remove anything that was visible. the problem with glioblastoma is by the time it's there, there are tiny microscopic ones that have spread elsewhere which is why you always need other treatment. >> he has been treated three times, believe, for malignant melanoma, but it was stage zero and noninvasive. could this be related? >> i don't think it is related. a few days ago on friday when they said we're sending the clotd out for pathology

this leads to other news, dying of polio. >> cutting through the bull [ bleep ] of it the way the regular>> the daley show with john stewart aives on the scene when tradition fl evening news is starting to deter rate. >> let the healing begin, it's headlines. >> all of a sudden, it was what was the beginning of a 24-hour news cycle. you take the form now because everybody's beginning to understand the form. >> in 1993 jar don retired for the first time saying he had enough of the nba grind and spending time with his family. after spending more time with his family he quickly noted he didn't have enough for the nba grind. >> when the show was taken over it was geared for p.o.p. culture. but of time john put his focus on real issues. >> our first night of coverage, the convention kicked off last night. any network can bring in news as it happens. here with the daley show we had taken yesterday's proceedings and digested it, processed it and given it tears of wisdom. >> it's nice to have someone analyze thing from a different pouf. >> he became people's go-to guy to explain the world. you'd

another expected new trend dieing polio. >> they cut through the bull [ bleep ] in a way the regularcan the do. >> the daily show with john stewart arrives on the scene when the traditional evening news is startsing to deteriorate. >> let's the healing begin. it's headlines. >> all of a sudden there was what was the beginning of the 24/7 news cycle. can take the form now because everyone's beginning to understand the form and satireize it. >> in 1993 jordan said he had enough of the nba grind saying he needed more time with his family and after spending more time with his family quickly decided he hadn't had enough of the nba grind. >> john dayly over time put his laser focus on real issues. >> welcome to our coverage of the democratic national convention from boston our first night of coverage. the convention kicked off last night. any network can bring you news as if happens but here at the daily show we've taken yesterday's proceedings and digested it, processed it, broken it down to give you highly concentrated what we call turds of wisdom. >> the news can be so heavy, so intense

. -- for a little boy with polio in the hospital. didn't happen but it wasn't , four. she was intently trying to define his legacy. richard: she really wanted cooper to deliver the speech exactly as her husband did. the problem with that is that there really was no script, no text. gehrig went up there without anything. here is a guy who didn't deliver speeches. this is between double-headers. his body is starting to wither. people were afraid he was going to fall. he goes up there without anything in hand. when eleanor says to goldwyn, i want you to do this, she said, here was a copy of the speech from memory. it appears that was never written down. when the newspapers covered it they weren't prepared for the , speech. there was no transcript. there were so many things in there that were different from eleanor's official version. jeff: goldwyn really dragged out the announcement of who would play lou gehrig. a lot of people thought it would begin recoup her. in the end, gary cooper was perfect for the role. richard: eleanor wanted cooper. cooper was in his last pictur

this is expected to lead to another new trend, dying of polio. >> they have that opportunity to tap intongs happening right this second. and cutting through the bull [ bleep ] of it in the way the regular news can't do. >> the daily show with jon stewart arrives on the scene when the traditional evening news is starting to deteriorate. >> all of a sudden there was what was the bngeginni of the 24/7 news cycle. you can take the form now because everybody is beginning to understand the form and satirize it. >> in 1993 jordan retired for the first time saying he had enough of the nba grind and needed more time with his family. and after spending more time with his family, he quickly decided he hadn't had enough of the nba grind. >> when john took over, it was much more driven by pop culture and parodying broadcasting. but over time, jon really put his laser focus on real issues. >> welcome to our coverage of the democratic national convention from boston. our first night of coverage. the convention kicked off last night. any network can bring you news as it happens. but here at the daily sh

this is expected to lead to another trend, dying of polio. >> they have the ability to cut into things the bull [ bleep ] of it and in way the regular news can't do. >> "the daily show" with jon stewart comes on the scene when the evening news is starting to deteriorate. >> let the evening begin healing with its headlines. >> it was a 24/7 news cycle. can you take the forum now because everyone is beginning the forum and sat rising it. >> in 19 the 3 jordan retired for the first time saying he had enough with the nba grind and needing more time with his family. after spending more time with his family he quickly decide he hadn't had enough of the nba grind. >> when jon took over "the daily show," it was much more driven by pop culture and parody and broadcasting. but over time, jon put his laser focus on real issues. >> welcome to our coverage of the democratic national coverage from boston. our first night of coverage. any network can bring you news as it happens. but here at "the daily show," we have taken yesterday's precedings a proceedings and digested it, broke it down to give yo

vaccination has all but extinguished polio in the united states. hat is great news. does that need we need to get rid of the vaccination and any american, any hard-working american because they love their children and families would have a resounding no. hy would you get rid of six 5, when there is documentation of discrimination and and against because of race. it does not say black or any particular part of race. section was a protector for all of americans and giving them the vote of one person. and by the way, mr. speaker, the pending meeting of this established commission, the presidential commission is going to be meeting jewel 19. his is a dangerous phenomenon. there was a writing requesting. personal information when we have stood in this well fighting against the patriot act when it asn't well after 9/11, because its premise was to spy on the american people and spy on americans. this is an unreasonable search and seizure. let me list for you. some of this is public knowledge. full first and last names, middle names or initials, addresses,

the owner said that he was just getting tired, but webmd says it could either be gout, polio or scurvyuse ] could be scurvy. >> steve: scurvy. [ light laughter ] >> jimmy: that's right, webmd is being sold, no word on who bought it. let's just say, the republicans finally found a replacement for obamacare. >> steve: hey! [ laughter and applause ] >> jimmy: and i -- >> steve: hey-o! >> jimmy: guys, get this, i read that you can now buy a new wine flavored jelly. yeah, which is a great idea until your kid's teacher calls and says, "i don't know what happened to billy, he ate a pb & j and now he keeps singing "don't stop believin'" and hugging everybody. [ laughter and applause ] he says he only smokes after he eats pb & j. he's not a normal smoker. [ laughter ] guys, i saw that today is national cousins day. and if you're from west virginia, happy anniversary. wait, wait, wait, what? that's wrong! >> steve: hey! >> jimmy: hey wait, that's wrong. >> steve: no! ♪ >> jimmy: who wrote that? that is wrong. >> steve: that is wrong and rude. i will not sit for that. i will stand here. [ laughte

so they had him hit two homeruns in a world series game for a little boy with polio in a hospital. didn't happen, but better than four. so he hit two. >> glor: so the point is how intently she was trying to define his legacy. >> yeah, i mean she really wanted cooper to deliver the speech exactly as her husband did. the problem with that is that there really was no script. there really was no text. gehrig went up there without anything. here is a guy who didn't deliver speeches, who was, this is the heap between double headers of a yankee game july 4th, 39ry. his body is starting to wither. people were afraid he was going to fall. he really didn't want to speak but they had prepared something but we don't know what. he goes up without anything in hands. when eleanor says to gold winn i want to you do this. she says here is the copy of the speech from memory. nobody it-- it appears it was never written down. so when the newspapers covered it, they weren't prepared for a speech. there was no transscript, so there were so many things in there that were different from eleanor's official

ongoing right now, jake, looking at all sorts of different things from vaccines to viral vectors to the poliort of treatment. there may be various options. >> we shouldn't sugar coat, this is going to be a tough battle for the senator. you obviously mentioned chemotherapy and radiation as potential options for mccain. is one more severe than the other? is one preferable? >> you know, in this case, they are typically given in concert. you know, either just one right after the other, even at the same time, what i would say is that chemotherapy, you know, people tolerate it differently, but to acutely or in the short term that can be harder for people to tolerate. the radiation in the longer term can be harder to tolerate because it tends to have a sort of more delayed affect on brain function overall. and they both, they both are hard to take. i think the point you're making, and despite that, you know been prognosis across the board, with everybody, survival is around 14 to 14 1/2 months. and the fact that he has done so well with the previous cancer does sort of increase his chances, but agai

it was making you wince about polio victims and so on. what happened to that, after stonewall, gay men have come increasingly recreational, hedonistic or they become very pc and politicize so all of a sudden they are part of the army for the control of speech but i think on the underground gay men are just as busy as ever. but then in college and graduate school i began to read also the influences on oscar wilde himself which would be baudelaire and marquis de sade who had been in prison for the way he defied convention. it wasn't that long before i was in college that it was the great file for obscenity in england, later chatterley's lover, a penguin book was brought up. on charges of insanity and when penguin books triumphed it was a great blow against the forces of censorship so that's what i have stood for and my particular way of federalism was suppressedfor many years . the, my feminism predates second wave feminism which was created by betty free dan with her cofounding of now in 1966. i was already a feminist because i was directl

and at duke university, they're taking inactivateed polio virus and injecting it directly into the cancermulate the immune system to come and kill it. they're having some really interesting results from that. >> all right doctor thank you. >>> late today the minneapolis police chief spoke for the first time about the fatal police shooting of a yoga instructor from australia. the chief was critical of the officer's actions. jamie yuccas is in minneapolis. jamie? >> reporter: minneapolis police chief janee harteau, anthony, started with a very strong statement saying justine damond did not have to die. justine damond was shot to death by minneapolis police officer mohamed noor, when she walked up to the squad car at one point, after dialing 911 twice, thinking that she was reporting a supposed rape behind her home. now, chief harteau said she talked to justine damond's fiancÉe, don, just this morning, and he expressed to her that people are now scared to call 911. she said the department does need to regain the community's trust at this point, and she also reassured her family that she will

john paul sauk treated polio.we treat those who are sick to intervention, but we also know that in order to keep other people from being sick we have to inoculate the population for that disease. so there is prevention. what you are talking about is prevention. i absolutely wholeheartedly believe in that -- >> take away victims. >> we don't bring opportunity to the people who need it the most will continue to have this problem. because really going down to the depths where i was was not an ideological thing. it was a self-hatred thing. it was how can i hurt other people more than i hurt myself. we do have to deal with the trauma and tony taught me to talk about the shame people how and equip them at a young age to be more inclusive, to be more understanding, to be more accepting of diversity and just other people in general. it's interesting, i was that much in a couple weeks ago. i spoken whitefish, montana and had a very difficult situation there. i didn't see one person of color the whole time i was in the day.

dealing with presidents who are incapacitated you through stroke like woodrow wilson or advancing poliomatter, series of heart attacks for dwight eisenhower. it has never been implemented, it would take a vice president and cabinet to get the ball rolling, that never happens. >> that never happens. when ronald reagan was in the hospital, was unconscious being operated on, george h.w. bush was vice president of the united states. they had an emergency cabinet meeting when they came in, he had full authority under the 25th amendment to take charge. he made a conscious attempt to the sit in a different chair. i left the president's chair empty. neil: president reagan, was he well enough at the time to say, to sign a piece of paper and grant that authority, or was that just understood at that moment? >> the constitution granted the authority. the vice president would have to take it. he refused to take it. he left that chair empty. and he served as chairman for the purposes of discussion but he had that empty chair to make the statement. i'm not doing this, i'm not doing this yet. neil: can

russians being very much aware that the purpose of this decision is to take the russian foreign policy or polioor make sure it is subject to strict scrutiny by congress. this takes the sanctions from the obama era that were largely executive actions and puts them into law. you have to look at other situations where the u.s. is engaged in sanctions unilaterally that have lasted for decades. moscow is thinking is there any real point in trying to get along with the trump administration? it is clear that they probably cannot deliver on improved relations. this is now in the hands of congress. we have gone from bilateral negotiations to negotiations with about 535 stakeholders. most of them have their eye on some sort of office. francine: is there something the president can do to get that relationship back on track? the u.s. really needs russia because it has so much trade ties with north korea if it wants to retaliate against north korea. >> it is very difficult to see what the trump administration can do in this case. it is a question of the biggest carrot the u.s. has to offer at the moment is

. >> when i was a child and my dad was in world war ii, i got polio. recovered but my family almost went broke. today, too many families can't get decent, affordable health care. that's why i've introduced a bill to make sure health care is available to all kentucky families, hold down skyrocketing costs and provide long-term care. >> this is mitch mcconnell on friday saying that coverage is not care. take a listen. >> coverage is not the same as care. if you think coverage is the most important thing, i can see why a single-payer system would be attractive to you. but coverage doesn't equal care. >> van, how do you frame that change? >> it's an interesting change. i think most people on health policy will tell you the only way to get people care is with coverage. it seems to be a pretty obvious conclusion there. but i think it's different when you're talking about when you're beholdened directly to the people of your state when you're talking about a state that doesn't have a lot of the same demographic challenges as, say, expanding in texas. things g

conversations. ,ne of the things that comes up we saved $10 trillion by solving polio. 20could take the top diseases and put every research program on them right now and try to break one of them. havewe broke one we would a savings of maybe $1 trillion, and then snowball it to the next one. breakbe 2 of them could at one time. we could get together with other nations now on these diseases. in order to get a disease solved you have to start now. it may take one year, two years, it may take ten. host: you mentioned the g-20 summit in hamburg. president trump will be meeting for the first time face-to-face as president of the united states with russian president vladimir putin. that is happening at 9:45 a.m. eastern time. we will to bring you live coverage of that meeting. the new york times has this headline about the g-20 summit. the u.s. raises walls on trade, allies are moving on. reporting major economies show no inclination to accept american designs on trade. an attitude on display on thursday. if completed, the deal would further the exchange of goods and services between the europ