program will benefit mongolia, the region and the world. i could go on much longer and give you more examples. american companies have been a force for prosperity and good throughout the indo-pacific region. our good faith as partners are evident that honors local autonomy and sovereignty. the united states doesn't invest for political influence, but rather partnerships and economics. and this is a prelude to what i expect in the future. i'm here to say emphatically the trump administration is committed to expanding our economic engagement in the indo-pacific region. we seek to capitalize on opportunities in accordance with the principles of freedom and openness. as president trump said in vietnam last year, the indo-pacific is a beautiful constellation of nations. each its own bright star. satellites to none, and each one, a people, a culture, a way of life, a home. to burn brightest the constellation needs sustainable growth and this is what our indo-pacific strategy will promote. we believe in strategic partnerships, not strategic depend

in the region if you're in the region does could. understand the legal presence for you in the united states trying to be in a region. when there are. the only job thier doing and they have shown that they do is creation of interest groups who are risking tone during the time his tenure in the foreign ministry. has so. meted. she. disappeared in the creation of the terrorist group in syria and iraq if you recall in the. trash although the election of the united states. doesn't trump. choose into the you or the people who are these terrorist groups or if you're ultimately agree with mr trump in the in these coalition he wanted to in a gesture into the only chamber you follow the same policy that we still don't create do you think you may have other things in common with mr trump and placed in the way how he conceptualizes there is no newcomer in purposes of common policy between us and the sutra and that there could be no more overlap of of us on how the region develops we're not. because we know the. video any policy you know or the

exports to the region grew by 10% last year, which is a pretty good performance for any region. and perhaps most importantly of all, the brookings institution believes that of the next billion people to come into middle class economic status, 88% will be in the indo-pacific region. secretary gutierrez: absolutely, absolutely. i think, as secretary pompeo was saying, its the largest and fastest growing. so pretty special. so, many of us in the business community had quite a bit of anxiety when we pulled out of tpp and were left with three trade agreements in the area, in the region. does this commercial strategy as part of the indo-pacific strategy, does that substitute for what would have been tpp? is there another way of thinking about our commercial strategy going forward? secretary ross: well, when we withdrew from tpp, we withdrew from a potential agreement with which we disagreed. it was not a withdrawal from the region. to the contrary, one of vice-president pence's first trips, which i had the honor of accompanying him on, was through japan, and he then went on to other c

in the region if you're in a region does could. understand the legal presence. the united states is trying to be in a region. when they are there the only job thier doing and they have shown that they do is creation of the terrorist group who are risking tone during the time his tenure in the foreign ministry he. has so a meeting. she. disappeared in the creation of the terrorist group in syria and iraq if you recall in the. states. president trump. choose into the new or the people who are. here ultimately agree with mr trump in the in these coalition he wanted to in a change in into the only change you follow the same policy that. created do you think you may have other things in common with mr trump and at least in the way how he conceptualizes there is no and you come in purple common policy between us and the sutra and there could be no more overlap of views on how the region develops we're not. because we know that. he. has your only policy you know or the war you're against any kind o. expansionism and any kind of. or any ot

as pivotal or centered in the region. that was of our choosing. the region has moved on without us. our view is this is our choice and we are confronting iran, so be it. we need to keep in mind that the way that regional leaders see their neighborhood much more in much more complex terms and they are paying attention to much more different allies and relationship building than they did a decade ago. >> if i could just make kind of a broad kind of statement and put things in context, i think if you look at past middle eastern -- it is always an action-reaction dynamic in the aftermath of the war that ensures whatever achievements that were got bin war have often been undermined by the social and political forces set loose by that war. we saw that after the u.s. defeat of iraq in kuwait. we were at a high watermark in the region. and then because of our presence of saudi arabia, you had the rise of al qaeda. then in 2003 again, a great american military victory and then within a year or two we ere mired in insurgency. iran is now at its high watermark. i would argue that we are seeing

and the us engagement in the region. we have joining us from indonesia the deputy minister from maritime authority and sovereignty indonesia's coordinating ministry of maritime affairs. minister order via, joining us. next to him, ambassador sarna who charged as india's ambassador to the united states in 2016. november 2016, very interesting moment in which he began his tenure. and has a distinguished member of the indian foreign services 1980 as served as india's high commissioner to the united kingdom ambassador to israel and many, many other posts and we're very pleased to have you join us today. finally, we have met, and her is the beauty assistant to the president and senior director for asian affairsthe national . the council and has ensured very involved in all of the proceedings today from the executive branch and the indo pacific strategy and vision that has been laid out and so we look forward to hearing more from you as well. welcome all of you gentlemen. and i thought we could start off the conversation perha

nonproliferation region. and in the broader sort of the nuclear policy regime. >> and where is the u.s. nonproliferation leadership vis-a-vis israel and indian? >> well, i would argue that the u.s. view toward israel is a mistake and it is a -- >> and you have been critical on this point. >> yes, with israel and iran, yes, i agree, but in trying to set the stronger nonproliferation standards and guidelines, here the u.s. has played a much more critical role than the countries like russia and china and when we have superbed for not only the more important protocol, but pushed for the intrusive and state-level concept and looking beyond the nonproliferation, and looking at the nuclear safety, and we have in the are region, many civil and power programs, and iran, because of this, the situation around the deal is going to be looking to russia and china to expand its nuclear power reactors, and can do we trust russian and chinese leadership, and the nuclear safety and nuclear safety? i don't. and china has made s

knows, there is mexican prosperity is regionally, regions are different. northern mexico has been doing better than the southern parts of mexico, which is where the new president elect as his political base and where he is from. how will it change and the balance of governance and political power in mexico from north to south? will that affect mexican economic policy, external policy? amb. gutierrez fernandez: i think his bases everywhere. he did pretty well. he ran a good campaign and he convince people. he won a majority of votes in all but one or two states and that is something, irrespective of what anybody thinks. challenge inas a terms of its regional diversity. north and i'mhe using a generalization, the north seems to be nor -- more industrial and link to international markets than the south. i think that is true. you see areas in the middle that are doing well, whose growth rates are above the national average. you see in the south, some states or regions of that are lagging behind. the former president address ,hat to a specific initiative econom

ehe regional outlook for tha gcc is mix. are reflecting anxiety, dividing short-term gain into growth for investors. the medium-term outlook is less clear. this points to a potential decline in gdp. for exporters, they are moving into surplus. means weakening the momentum for economic reform. i do not think it is the rising comfort with higher oil revenue that increases the risk of confrontation between saudi arabia and iran. the displacement of markets is just one area of economic cooperation. this should not be seen as a quick fix. it is not just affecting oil markets. we're dealing with production prices in other places. the other thing is respect to transit points. some would argue that their supporters in yemen, 30% of global seaborne oil rose through the street. so does 11% of rice. globally,e is traded 52% of global fertilizer. crisis in these waterways affects more than oil. it is going to create a food crisis. we should be bracing for economic collapse, more severe than the recession after 2012. like its neighbors a

regional measure one was back in 1988. so these are not that common, and they are way that's we address -- and they are ways that we address goals in money for transportation infrastructure, but they are a real statement of the priority of what the region is thinking when they decide to put this on a ballot because we know how many propositions they are on every year on every ballot. so this regional measure is something to pay attention to. and because it is so rare, and because it is so recent, we thought it would be very helpful to help us to understand what's in store for san francisco and what's in store for the region now that it's passed. and it turns out that we've got a super hero in our midst in tilly chang, who is the director of the transportation authority. and because we're a city and a county, we have an m.t.a. and a c.t.a., and the c.t.a.'s function is really that long-range planning, the delivery of large-scale capital improvements and undefunding. and so we work a lot with the c.t.a. on grants. would we w

>> it frankly varies from region to region and from time to time. one of the central objectives here for our consulates, 50 of them, is to ensure that mexican nationals, irrespective of their status, are subject to due process and that their human rights are also served. and again, that does not mean we condone legality or promote legality. that is not what we do and certainly not as a cover. but we just base our work in the sort of provisions that the u.s. legal system provides for anybody here. and we do work frequently with the administration on different fronts. even on the tough fronts as this one. there is no other way to solve them or address them beyond having serious, frank, and many times difficult dialogues. that's what we do. we sometimes have a very good experience, sometimes not so good, but it's the basic bread and butter of what we do every day. >> one final question, because we're coming to the end and i know you've got some commitments. how would you characterize your relations with the trump administration? not simply at a politic

the vice president has traveled to the region three times to urge regional leaders to do more for the venezuelan people. in nicaragua, the administration has rightly designated three top officials for human rights abuses and for corruption. but we should do more to support the in this canicaraguan people. civilians were killed. one of the civilians killed in the street was a former neighbor of a subcommittee of mine. senator paul cook will convene a hearing to further examinie thi incident tomorrow. they continue to pose a major threat. these violent gangs are fueling the drug and migration crisis that the united states struggles with today. as we fight the deadly impacts of opium in our communities, we must continue working closely with our regional neighbors to increase counternarcotics cooperation. the recent increase in cocaine production in co columbia is unacceptable and i'm hoping there is a sign that the country will redouble efforts to confront gangs and the cartels. this committee continues to support helping the triangle, honduras and guatemala, to help shore up institution

we have some companies active in the region. the macquarie group is a good example of a significant infrastructure fund and only this month one another significant highway projects in india. so it is about working together , governments and the private sector to identify projects and put the pieces together to enable those projects to come to fruition. >> i remember minister bishop talking about the leverage, if it isn't coca-cola's distribution network which is a creative way to partner with the private sector. >> with technology there are other options. the last thing i'd say which is important in getting the countries to work as development. in terms of conductivity, we are working with the iconic agenda and digital trade is another important element. >> perfect to lead into the next question i wanted to post which is conductivity. conductivity among the three countries represented here. ray opened has entered into mou, recently with japan with jbic and australia as well. how are you feeling about the work you're doing collab

the region has been destroyed by more than 20 years of war. the women here have suffered horrific ordeals. >> when you're a victim, your heart is damaged. it's as if you're no longer human. reporter: along with emotional suffering, diseases like hiv also take a toll. mapenzi addresses these issues, listening to story after story, including that of nakatia, who was held captive by rebels for six months. nakatia: during that whole time, they hardly gave us anything to eat. they beat us and raped us day and night. when one was finished, the next one arrived, then the next one and the next, on and on. i want as many people as possible to know thihis is happening. reporter: it's not clear precisely how many women have suffered in this way, but they likely numumber in the hundredsf thousasands. therese: when you listen to these stories, sometimes you are powerless. you miss ways to share compassion with people, , but u just s stay there, listening o them, looking at them. it's my y only wayf f supportig them.. because it's horrible to see how human

knows, there is mexican prosperity is regionally, regions differ. in general, northern mexico has been doing somewhat better than the southern, more rural parts of mexico, which is where the new president-elect has his political base and where he is from. how will it change in kind of the balance of governance and political power in mexico a little bit from north to south? will that affect mexican economic policy, external policy? how do you see that working? amb. gutierrez fernandez: first of all, i think his base is now pretty much everywhere. he did pretty well. he ran a good campaign and he convinced people. to my knowledge, he won a majority of votes in all but one or two states, and that is quite something, irrespective of what anybody thinks. mexico does have an important challenge in terms of its regional diversity. if you go to the north -- and i am using a generalization -- but north seems to be a little more industrial, better linked to the international markets than the south. i think that's, to some extent, true. you see areas in the mi

to the region, or spoke the languages from the region. this was true even in cairo. many posted to cairo rarely spoke with an egyptian other than a master-servant relationship and even fewer spoke with the turks. the arab bureau, which was not established until early 1916, as a result of a recommendations from mark sykes who was one of the few individuals who traveled aggressively throughout the region and spoke arabic and read the koran -- he identified the ottoman empire was much more effective in dealing with narrative than the british governance and it led to an ineffective british narrative. so even though the arab bureau was created and existed, it also included people of specialization, language skills, and regional experience in the middle east, but they were buried within the intelligence department in cairo. throughout the war, the british perceived the war and their opponents in the middle east through a three-lens kaleidoscope that gave a fractured vision at best. this led to many decisions that appear naive and foolish to us

it will help us respond more effectively to regional challenges. in order to be prepared for the challenges we face, we need to invest more and better in defense. we all agree that we do not have fair burden sharing in our alliance today. we all agree that we need more cash in national defense budgets , more modern capabilities, and more contributions to missions and operations. the good news is we are making progress. for a quarter of a century, many of our countries have been cutting billions from their defense budgets. now, they are adding billions. increasingallies are defense spending. this year, eight of our nations have committed to devote at least 2% of gdp on defense. the majority of allies have plans to do so by 2024. last year saw the biggest increase in defense spending since the end of the cold war. last year, we also agreed to develop national plans on burden sharing. ofed on the national plans european allies in canada, -- and canada, we expect $266 billion in extra u.s. dollars for defense between now and 2024. this is significant,

donald trump raises tyrus again as regional economic blocs try to find ways to reduce trade barriers.and in sports a surprise deal a spanish giants barcelona make a move for brazilian strike amount or a bad coming up with. the search state media in laos are reporting that at least nineteen people died when a dam collapsed on monday more than three thousand people are still trapped by flooding and they are waiting to be rescued and one of the south korean companies building the site in at a pace you say cracks were spotted in one of the supporting dams the night before it collapsed it says the government was notified and ordered an evacuation but many living nearby did not have enough time to escape why in haiti has more from bangkok in neighboring thailand. slowly but surely a picture is emerging of how serious this incident is with the government in laos drip feeding information through state media the latest they are saying is that at least nineteen people have been killed with around one hundred still missing and thousands of people in the area waiting to be rescued there are peopl

but the taken off the region wide bunched up into the neighborhood scene. at issue today. mo diagram of an issue thank you michael. zimbabwe's president. trailed two weeks after surviving a grenade attack two people were killed and several others injured when the grenade was thrown at them as he left the political rally. president says nothing will stop the election at the end of this month security is being step ahead of the vote. in that. zimbabwe's northeast. earlier this week that it was going to increase security for the president and at this rally we've seen a lot more soldiers people are lining up to get inside the stadium when they get to be and when they are. by the police but they are just standing nearby keeping an eye on. the stage where the president is a bit further away from the people that's also a new development there twenty presidential candidates competing in this election and they've all been told that if any of them feel they have campaigning they are allowed to ask for security now the run up to the election which is on thirtieth of july had been goi

as human or human equal you see we against of it you and he know region you know region. you know region that's quote quite understandable goal the president. of the united states is trying to be you know region of your negates any kind of spanks you need them in any kind of a you know any way i think any of that but. back to this special edition of politicking on larry king and we're talking with the russian foreign minister sergei lavrov it's a great pleasure to have him with us on the eve of this is style rick summit because the foreign minister what does your country think of. the state since. sort of agreement with north korea. well i think it's good for the world we strongly support the efforts undertaken by president thrum also by by the president of south korea to build up the atmosphere that must fear which would be conducive to resolving the nuclear issue of the korean peninsula and to bring all of us to denote there is a sion and to from the very beginning we suggest that the good that was china that a first step was because for them to build. and the second st

or other act or's in the region -- actors in the region. we have discussed military attacks and how risk-averse they are, but they have shown some carefully,to attack and i think they have more capability. if you could address that. formidabletes have cyber capabilities. example, were involved in an incident showed high level of proficiency and a highly developed cyber state. they have a lot of capabilities, and everybody knows it. iran does too. if you remember a couple of years ago they took down around amco which causes the saudi pain -- saudis pain and reverberates locally. -- globally. i do not think that alone will bring about the iran-israel conflict that people are afraid of. i think it is more likely to be something other than cyber that precipitates that. the iranians are not prepared for a cyber attack when it happened. after that, they started having in did defensive cyber warfare capabilities and that offensive. they have their own cyber larger parthin the that are the major iranian act verse involve for preparation for cyber c

that are region faces. gcc block has always tried to maintain at least a vision of how we see the future, stability, and security of that region. there has been a fundamental shift for disagreement in terms of how we see the future of this region, and the direction they have decided to go with its decisions in terms of its politics, who it has decided to support, how it is in our view not done what we had hoped it would do with regards to combating terrorism, combating the financing of terrorism, and sharing the vision we have what we feel all of us should have, for the stability of our region. that is at the heart of this dispute. these issues are quite deep, but these issues have been going on now for months. i hope that ultimately this matter gets resolved and i hope at the end of the day that we are all one family. saudis, egyptians, kuwaitis, we are all one people. david: some of the rhetoric out of the u.s. government, has that been a concern to people in the middle east about muslims, or is that poli

is coming hurtling toward civil war strikes that began back in twenty sixteen in the anger phone regions have led to extreme violence and calls for secession but take a look at how cameroon got here and how its citizens are currently coping imo it could be louder live on you tube and we want to hear from all of you especially those in our cameroonian community well the examiner what it will take to bring both sides to the table and how a long lasting peace could be possible. we want to strike to start for our president to talk with our english speaking colleagues to try to restore peace in cameroon since we are indivisible we must form is what i can see. from is a mission to make america be isn't going to. have no problem is bringing an urgent problem so we need peace. here at least. cameroonians there speaking on cameron day violence first broke out in the northwest and southwest regions of cameroon in october twenty sixth and at that time noise and teachers went on an indefinite strike saying they were being mistreated marginalized socially economically and politically by the governmen

>> frankly it varies from region to region and from time to time.one of the central objectives here, for the consulates, is to ensure that the mexican nationals irrespective of their status, are subject to due process. and that there human rights are also observed which again, that doesn't mean we condone illegality, or promote illegality. it's not what we do, certainly not as the government. but we are just, we base our work in what is you know, in this sort of provision. that's what assistance provides for anyone here. we do work, frequently. with the administration on different fronts or even the top fronts like this one. there is no other way to address them beyond having you know, serious, frank, or different battles. but that is what we do. i think we sometimes we had a good experience and sometimes not so good. it is you know, the basic bread and butter of what we do every day.>> a final question as we are coming to the end, i know you have some commitments. how would you characterize your relations with the trump administration, not simply o

the vice president has traveled to the region three times to urge region nal leaders to do more for the venezuelan people. in nicaragua, the administration has rightly designated three top officials for human rights abuses and for corruption. we should do more to support the nicaraguan people. the repressive ortega regime has killed more than 200 advocates for free and fair elections since this april. one of the civilians murdered on a village street was a former neighbor of an orange county friend of mine. subcommittee chairman paul cook will convene a hearing to further examine this matter tomorrow. across the hemisphere transnational criminal organizations continue to pose a major threat. these violent gangs are fueling the drug and migration crisis that the united states struggles with today. as we fight the deadly impacts of opium in our communities, we must continue working closely with our region nal neighbors, to increase counternarcotics cooperation. the recent increase in cocaine production in clom olombia is unacceptable. i'm hoping the recent election of president yvonne uke

the region has been said days caring for more than thirty years apart from a short span of the university of berkeley in california to geophysicist has never wanted to be anywhere around us today he's a member of the russian academy of sciences and an internationally recognized expert on optic ecosystems until the warming. the research station is now run by his son nikita. right now are part of. that one big hour earlier but surely it will make your call more the thing about there's not a prison camp and discover a number of additional prisoner river. and yet nowadays a completely different tragedy is unfolding in the melting of the permafrost the vast underground place that stretches from siberia to alaska more than twenty percent of the planet's man darion. words of who we are and do money are the only place in the world where you can actually see with your own eyes more than ten kilometers of permafrost because the river has swept away the embankments what shining over there is ice the location is interesting because you can see the permafrost thawing right in front of the executive bo

cyprus has entered into a close dialogue with this regional -- its regional neighbors to create a unified approach to battling terrorism, again, terrorist ideology, understanding that there are no firm barriers to the spread of radical indoctrineation, especially given the advent of social media, mr. speaker. cyprus is participating in a number of international efforts, including the coalition against the islamic state and the process. the minister further noted the cyprus -- that cyprus has actively and in cooperation with some of its european allies provided military assistance and nonmilitary support to international efforts in the african region. cyprus has cooperated with the u.s. in providing specialized training assistance to officials from neighboring countries and collaborated closely with egypt. the training revolves mostly on civilian type of expertise and customs and border controls. additionally, cyprus has provided training on the identification and containment of various chemicals, as well as better storage and handling of dangerous substances. . cyprus also explored collab

we live in our region, our neighborhood.have been dealing with iran and the challenges that iran puts on the region, the stability and security of the region, has always been a concern. there has been concern over what that agreement has been able to achieve in terms of preventing iran from building a military nuclear capability. david: now recently, saudi arabia and the uae, among others, have had a dispute with qatar. have you seen any resolution and what is the basis of the dispute? khaldoon: the basis of the dispute is we live in a very challenging region. national security has been at the forefront of all countries in our region face. and the gcc block has always tried to maintain at least a vision of how we see the future, stability, and security of that region. there has been a fundamental shift or disagreement in terms of how we see the future of this region, and the direction they have decided to go with its decisions in terms of its politics, who it has decided to support, how it is in our view not done what we had

from delaware, vice region from rhode island, vice region from south carolina, vice region from wisconsin, and former 21st regent from the state of maryland mrs. lucas. thank you, ladies. [applause] >> again, good afternoon and welcome to george washington's mount vernon on this important day. my name is sarah miller colston and i am the 22nd legion of the mount vernon association. the national women's organization, which has privately owned and operated george washington's estate since its purchase from the washington family in 1858. the mount vernon ladies association is a nonprofit organization, having operated continuously for the last 160 plus years. today it remains the oldest historic preservation institution in the country. the ladies association is neither sponsored by, nor beholden to the federal government, nor the state of virginia, it stands alone. its original charter having been granted in 1858, when women or not yet allowed to vote, much less capable to be considered of conducting public affairs. since those pre-civil war days, the ladies association has, without governmen

today is coming hurtling toward civil war strikes that began back in twenty sixteen and i got five regions have led to extreme violence and calls for secession but take a look at how come over and got here and how its citizens accommodate coping imo it could be louder live on you tube and we want to hear from all of you especially those in our cameroonian community well examine what it will take to bring both sides to the table and how a long lasting peace could be possible using said. they want to strike to stop for our president to talk with our english speaking colleagues to try to restore peace in cameroon since we are indivisible we must form because what i can see. film is. the head of state with these two and we rejoined so that you can sit down and frame is solution to make the commitment to be a peaceful country. but for which we we have no problem or distance is bringing it up to a problem so we need peace not going to the other state we at least see what we can do to solve the problem so there will be. cameroonians there speaking on cameroon day violence first broke out in the n

i have already visited regions two, three, and four and i plan to travel to the rest of the regions as soon as possible. our regions are the key to working cooperatively with the states. >> we need to provide certainty in the epa program. on permitting, permitting issues overwhelmingly impact small to medium-sized businesses, the backbone of the american economy. we need to be more responsive. prior to this administration, we were not systematically tracking permit decisions. through epa's management system and the office of continuous improvement led by a stellar epa career employee, we are now tracking the time it takes to achieve permits. our goal thanks to the leadership of henry darwin is to make all permit decisions up or down in six months. if we are able to accomplish this, we will make a profound transformative change in how the epa -- its responsibilities. i am not suggesting that we approve all permits within a certain amount of time. i am suggesting that we make a decision, yes or no, up or down, within a set amount of time. >> during my time in private practice, i learned

that is already creeping in though into iraq into region republican from missouri is the successor state following the constitution does lucian of the federal united come republics which was the entity that was not properly installed when the united kingdom as their ministry and the united states failed to fulfill their obligation as per you and article so at least be a dream what they are we talking about here we're talking about one nine hundred eighty four so what i'm going to do for a moment is just keep us up to date with where we are right now asked you jack how can it be two very different examples of what is going on how is that even possible . yes go ahead the reason is because there's been systematic assimilation predetermine by the franco come on my lions ever since they started having association with the with the english numbers which is of our country when we have it when we can gauge it in the unitary state which was if there are comma republics they started dismantling everything that has to do with the federation they have planted in our society to camargue. this false n

the government's plan to become the largest energy exporter in the rapidly developing region which is touted as a battery of asia the landlocked communist country is already operating thirty nine hydropower plants in the mekong river region over fifty more in the planning or under construction with that number set to almost double in the coming years that rush to develop has been blamed for a number of births in recent years devastating farmland and nearby villages environmentalist's have also warned of irreparable damage to downstream areas i want to think about that let's get some more on what's happening right now with wayne hale correspondent who's reporting for us in bangkok in neighboring thailand let's just start with the fact that we know that this as you said it previously just a little while ago wayne this is a saddle it braces the larger dam just bring us up to speed on what we know. yes well according to the lao government this incident occurred at around eight o'clock in the evening on monday so almost twenty four hours ago but news only really coming up in the last few h

so there's two waves of african descended people in this region. the first are french african who really even by 1800 are tri-racial so they started coming to that area in the 1720s. they were not the only african-american successful multilingual african descended trader in that region; right? but then after the revolutionary war, after this was given to american people by the british government, well, they didn't want to, but they had to, then you're talking about indigenous people. so this is a complicated story; right? because the frontier is not -- [inaudible] -- there are people there. this is also the heart breaking story of genocide, clearance, violence, and for this wave of african-american pioneers, they are part of that pioneering project, and that sometimes means they were fighting in the war of 1812, which along the river, meant fighting native americans; right? and so their relationship to the land and their project was at loggerheads with the project of most indigenous people. that doesn't mean that there weren't some astounding peopl