it was really a faulty rivet. >> stephen: the what? >> the faulty rivets. >> stephen: faulty rivet?hat's a faulty rivet? >> well, a rivet is like a two- headed nail that holds steel plates together. and the rivets on the titanic were made with substandard iron. >> stephen: those little bumps there. >> those are the little bumps. >> stephen: there are a lot of them. what could possibly have gone wrong. >> that's the whole problem that there were many ships being built at once. they were looking for as much iron as they could find. it turns out that they had sub standard iron. they popped when they hit the iceberg. >> stephen: how do you know this? you're making this stuff up. have you been down there and yanked one of them there rivets out there? >> stephen. >> stephen: have you done it? and please use the term "them there." have you done this? >> i have my ph.d. in metallurgy. >> stephen: excuse me. i guess you know more than james cameron then. because you have a ph.d.. >> about the rivets i do. >> stephen: it sounds like you're letting icebergs off the hook. is that a rivet right

a sickle was riveted around his neck. eventually smith escaped after he quote, beat out his master's brains. despite this experience, smith had little to say about islam or muslims. after his escape, smith traveled extensively as a free man throughout the north african state, observing the wealth and power of these princely estates and noting that the quote, countries of fez and morocco are the best part of all barbary.

using a technique of the automobile assembly line, they are riveted together. -- the halls of eagle boatsr. ♪ ♪ the launching of an eagle boat, sleek and fast, built for anti-submarine warfare. at highland park, ford experiments with a small tank powered by two model t engines. and will across the trenches? not every time. back to the drawing board. the city of detroit turns out to say goodbye and good luck to those who go to fight in foreign fields. ♪ ♪ they don't give up on the small things. maybe those skids in back will help. too bad. big brother shows how it should be done. at highland park -- the men turn out for a patriotic parade. ♪ another new weapon, it not very effective as yet, this is the first model. there is glory for the men who fly them. this is the first model of the martin bomber. eddie rickenbacker comes some to -- america's flying ace comes home to encourage more lame production. here is how they manufactured curtis h type flying boats. a liberty engine. the faces of america at war. these are men working in a shipyard, the red cross girls are a friendly site. captain

the rivet guns caused a stir and the city tried to control it. like the building of a medieval cathedral, building a skyscraper was really a thrilling basketball spectacle and a technological show that takes place in the open in the heard of town. some would arrive with binoculars and try to watch the ant-like men, sky boys they called them. they were heroes in a lot of the newspapers. manhattan in the 20s, and it's street theater. when you see guys doing this, these are the sky boys. probably the most fascinating thing for people to watch were that they worked without hard hats and safety heroin seszs. this is one of the guys there. four guys and a heater, a catcher and a gunman. here's how it works. these guys would have charcoal heaters like you have in your back yard. they would go until they got to a cherry red color. a guy would go in there with tongs and flip the rivet to a catcher. that's a catcher. he would cav catch it in his glove. then there is -- if the catcher misses it, by the way, he either hits and scars him or falls below this m

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they have riveting and gave me permission. not many give permission. a rather precious place really. when you are out there. you have all the diaries there and longing to spend every minute looking at them. you have to go downstairs into a little sitting room with the arm chairs and you have said that you have the coffee and you are allowed to have two biscuits and you sit there with a couple of other privileged researchers and you say i say to jane ridly, what are you writing? he said i am doing the queen mother. then you share a bit of talk. half hour later, you go upstairs again and you get back to the letters and the diaries. >> more questions. was there any contact after the war? >> honestly, you may have detected, i feel sorry for poor old willie. never one single word neither written or spoken ever passed between them ever again. actually georgy wrote in his diary at one point he is the greatest -- what did he call him? a criminal. i think he used the word criminal. he was simple. a good simple man, george 5th. he saw things in fairly straight f

i think that's what made it so riveting, and it's nothing new. >> it's a love story that ended in deathlove story that ended in death. and it really does make some important points about the limits of the criminal justice system, doesn't it? >> well, absolutely. >> what does it mean to be guilty or legally guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. >> when you see them talking about trying to make a case, that's bothersome. >> i have to say, no one has spent wiser ad dollars than male chimps. >> absolutely. >> i can't imagine they pay too much for these ads and everybody's talking about them. who is going to be next? to your point about the criminal justice system. the court of appeals has agreed to hear his appeal. one of the things they're going to consider is whether or not he had received effective counsel. whether his defense attorney was effective. what goes into weighing that decision based on what you heard on "serial"? and does the fact that he's not just your typical convicted murderer and also now, does that impact the way the judge is going to think about this case? >> well, to take

charlie, even for people who followed this issue carefully over the years, this report is absolutely rivetting, it is painful to read, people will read it, i think, with some of the sense of anguish that people involved in the program felt at the time. >> rose: we continue this evening's with rosario dawson, one of the star of chris rock's new film "top five". >> he pushes people to think about things they may not otherwise think about and forces them to laugh sometimes as things they could not potentially imagine or fathom laughing at because he has an incredible perspective on things and that is something i hold very dear. i like people looking at the world around them and making observations and really balancing and checking them out and playing with the ideas and comparing them and has done that in a brilliant way and i love that. >> rose: conclude with hector monsegur, a former hacker who cooperated with the fbi. >> who will guard the guards, charlie? the security, the people that we hire with tax dollars, are not really secure themselves. so they are our attack vectors. do you understand

market e margaret burg unthe use of grand juries in deciding not to bring indictment in cases that rivetedion's attention in recent weeks, michael to be i believe, why grand juries? why are they used in cases like these? >> that's part of the issue one of the reasons we go to grand juries in some places we do not have an adequate system of civilian, local civilian review of these types of incidents. such as in ferguson there was no local civilian review board to review it to answer back to the community to work as a good post or position in between the community and the police department and the local government. >> in other crimes couldn't prosecutors look at the same evidence the grand jury does and idecide whether or not there is sufficient ground to sustain a trial? >> well, they certainly can. and the local prosecutors, that's one of the issues is should we -- should it be in the purview of the local prosecutors or in the purview of the u.s. attorney's office. the local prosecutors typically have connections with the local police departments, they work on it on a regular basis. local

. >> we've heard a lot about rosie the riveter, the generic description of female production workers who are not limited to building airplanes. they were building ships, vehicles, everything. but after a little while, the mechanics assembled and disassembled new are writing aircraft in a theater of operation learned that if they looked on a certain panel, behind the instrument panel, they could frequently find penciled messages from rosie the riveter's with name, address, phone number, give me a call, soldier. and if they were especially thorough, they listed their brawl size. [laughter] >> many letters you couldn't confirm, marriages resulted. >> definitely corresponded to whether there were any permanent hookups remains for investigation. >> i think we're starting to run down on time. before we run out of like to give you a chance to talk about some of the personalities on the other side of the war. it was an intense conflict on both sides and it was very interesting and i like that you did explore the site and put more of a human face. rachet talk about some of the more enduring c

. >> local author, new book is out and it's kind of riveting, it's hidden within the fog gates. it's about a terrorist cell in the city of san francisco. with me here is the author of this book. she is a little nervous about her english, i'm nervous about my spanish, so we'll get through the

the final days of bill gross at pimco, it is absolutely riveted -- riveting reading.al this agreement, and sometimes less than collegial to buy as well as significant tensions with the disciples of mohamed el-erian. -- as well as significant tensions with the disciples of mohamed el-erian. did they want to talk about this? >> there was a lot of dragging her feet. they are kind of tired of talking about this. it has had us negative impact on -- had such a negative impact on their business they want to get back to the regular job. >> its nose to good to everybody i'm quite close to dr. el-erian and i've introduced him at speeches and we go way back. simplistically, do they get along? do they actually not like each other? what is the relationship? >> the take away that i've had from the series that it feels like a divorce. i think the bill was really heard by el-erian positive archer -- el-erian's departure. and if you were an el-erian disciple, as you say, josh through a going away party for el-erian and that would be a reason why that would put them on a target -- with

your book is an absolute riveting book. i honestly couldn't put it down. it has so much history and it is a great story. so thank you for coming on. >> thank you, sally. thank you very much. >> that was after wards. book tv's signature program in which authors of the latest non-fiction books are interviewed by people familiar with their material. after wards airs every weekend on booktv at 10 p.m. an saturday and 12 and 9 on sunday and 12 a.m. on monday. you can watch it online under the series and topics list on the upper right hand side of the page. up next on booktv, after wards with guest host james swanson. james mcpherson and his book " embattled rebel: jefferson davis as commander in chief" in it the acclaimed historian says the con federate present is an astute strategy man and his failures are not the reason for loosing the confederate war. this program is about an hour. >> host: jim, it is november and lincoln won the presidency. who is jefferson davis nathaniel philbrick fall of 1860? >> he is a congressman and interrupted in the middle of the '

. >> it's got rivet holes, off of one of our food carts.t's pretty common weaponry that we find out here on these facilities. pretty pliable, they can bust it in half and sharpen it. >> officer love discovered a needle which was concealed with that bic roller pen, it's got a point to it. kind of crude, either manufactured, that looks like from a deodorant stick. >> that is the stick off the deodorant. >> could have residue in it, something they use on the job site to load up to get high. >> you have to keep in your mind they are actually functioning gang members. in a general population setting, so this is what they do. the nature of the beast. we'll give them a couple of days, there will be another one back here. >> obviously, this is the place to hide your stuff. >> just got to have us beat them. one time. good. >> the risk of smuggling drugs and weapons into corcoran has cost some inmates not only their jobs, but the small taste of freedom that came with them. ♪ >>> i got my throat split. i got my lung punctured. i got stabbed 40 times.

there was diaries which were riveting and she gave me permission sway wonderful thing because not many, you know. it's a rather precious place, really. a bell goes at 11:00 precisely when you're up there and you've got all the diaries and you're longing to spend every minutevp looking at them. but when the bell goes you have to gown stairs into a little sitting room and you have already said that you want either tea or coffee and allowed to have two biscuits and you sit there with a couple of other privileged researchers, and, you know, you say, i say to jane ridley what are you writing. and she says i'm doing the queen q you get back to the letters and the diaries but that was the luck i had. >> more questions. >> was there any contact with the family after the war in any shape or form? >> honestly, i mean you may have detected i feel sorry for poor old willie. i mean the fact is in exile never one single word. i mean neither written or spoken ever passed between those twonu cousins ever again. and actually george wrote in his diary at one point, he's the greatest -- what did he call

you can see the rivet right in there. he attached a paper clip and ran it back, put some plastic cellophane on it, put a rubber band around it to make it more easy to handle specifically when it gets full of blood if you were to slice somebody. he actually admitted he put this on there so he could have some control once he sliced the individual. he's pretty ingenious as far as how he makes weapons. >> the inmate is 30-year-old christopher shiverdecker and his ability to craft ingenious weapons isn't the only thing that makes him memorable. >> the first time i met him, i was quite shocked by his appearance. i had never seen anybody before with a giant bullet hole in his forehead. >> i got that long, long time ago. it's just a bullet hole. it's like a bullet hole. >> shiverdecker has had plenty of time to amass tattoos and learn the ways of prison. at an age when most boys collect baseball cards, shiverdecker was collecting convictions. >> first time i really got in trouble i think i was 10 1/2. i got grand theft auto. >> s

our conversation was so riveting. he has such a gift for explaining the ideas that animate these founding documents to his students of all ages. we decided to transcribe the conversation and to write it up, to use it as the script for the exhibit you will see. also and this is the real reason i have gathered you, to use it as the introduction to our national constitution center pocket constitution and create a pamphlet we will distribute in the gallery and online on our incredible micro-site that will make this available to students across the land, so they can read in clear language about how the rights that were promised in the declaration were implicit in the constitution and codified in the bill of rights. david, i have so enjoyed discussions of these documents with you. i have enjoyed being your co-author, and i'm so grateful to you for your patriotic philanthropy and your engagement with the national constitution center. please join me in welcoming david rubenstein. [applause] >> last weekend i had the honor at

a great string of iron was riveted around his neck, as smith wrote in the third person. eventually allowed to speak after he eat out his masters rains with a bat. smith had little to say specifically about islam or muslims. after his escape, he traveled extensively as a free man throughout the north african states, observing the wealth and power of the states and noting that the countries of fez and morocco are the best parts of barbary. they eat well and have all necessities for man's youth. williams streaky true on his experience in constantinople to draw comparisons between the ottoman muslims and native north americans. some of his observations were neutral. he noted that the indians drink is clearwater. and the indians spread a mat as the turks do a carpet, for them to set upon. his comparisons also discussed marital habits. he wrote that the chief of tidewater virginia followed a polygamy practiced but did not keep all of his wives in one house. he also theorized that these central helps weakened the indian body politic. he used other comparisons as well, describin

we can talk about this more, i'm sure you are rivetted but let's talk about the traffic. >>> it's notestbound as you head over to highway 101. at the bay bridge toll plaza it is not too bad either. we have a feeling today will be the transition day where on monday i'm not really thinking we're going to have much of a commute. we will have people at malls, but we're hot going to have much of -- but we're not going to have much of a commute. there is a crash. it has been creating a backup. you can use 280 to 380 that is a really good alternate. 280 is looking good out of daly city and down to san bruno. or if you know a different way, just stay off of 101 through south city. 5:18 let's go to steve in the studio. >> thank you, sal. that is how i say it. >> sal. [ laughter ] all right wise guy. >> we do have cloudy skies. there is a little bit of drizzle and light rain. almost all the observations in the 5:00 a.m. hourly said cloudy skies. the heaviest is points north. that is where the heaviest rain is going to be. an entire annual season is 2081. san francisco 1368. look at san jose. te

you have traveled to north korea and certainly north korea riveted to what this man had to say, will. >> reporter: it seems to be yet another example of many things that happen . in this case you have a young man 20 years old from el paso, texas, who according to his mother had tried to cross once illegally into that country. he was turned away. hospitalized for a time but got out of the hospital, took out a payday loan and returned by way of beijing where he has been in north korea now since early november. and today giving a news conference, voluntarily in pyongyang where he listed a number of things about the united states government. he talked about the government, the u.s. government being like a mafia trying to take over small countries. he talked about billionaires controlling the political system, trying to take over the world. he talked about the cia, he talked about ferguson, missouri. he talked about border violence and ufos and ma implanted in people's heads to create voice. all of this before a crowd who was intent of listening. quite a sight in that room in pyongyang thi

i think you were a large part of that, your coverage in gaza was riveting. do you think that the war in gaza and that just massive death toll including around 700 palestinian children moved the debate in the direction of the palestinians at all? >> it's hard to see that in terms of a policy shift. the united states hasn't shifted or changed its policies. no doubt that not only the coverage but i think the fact that the internet now has changed the way people consume their news is a huge factor. the sad reality is this has been happening for decades on both sides. the fact is that as you were saying, the first time in your lifetime you're seeing it here in america says a lot. and i think that if the united states, particularly people in the u.s. had a better understanding of the conflict, they could perhaps expect more from the policies. that has not been reflected on the ground. the end game is to achieve peaceful position that produces palestinian state, security state for the state of israel. we're still far away from that. >> it does seem the u.s. as a ne

charlie, even people who followed this issue carefully over the years, this report is absolutely riveting is painful to read. people were read it, i think, with some of the sense of anguish that the people involved in the program felt at the time. some of the most poignant passages were about medical offices from the cia, about younger cia employees watching the early waterboarding of detainees, watching as people were treated in these ways, welling up with tears. one man says, basically, i cannot continue with this. it is a train wreck. you read over this dark history over these few years i think with a motion -- with the motion, and the hope is by putting it out with eviscerating detail, finally it may be possible to put this behind us. >> is that the idea, somehow we i amome clewaar on this -- not saying come clean, but come and what the, president thinks is the responsible thing to do in an international emergency? what's it is that, charlie, to finally make a full accounting -- i think there are aspects of this report that are tootendentious, that try har. -- too hard. that really wo

while we wait for the comments, a riveting account of those moments.or many years. >> i have. >> what was the account that you got in the moments after that shooting that happened on saturday? >> there was a voluntary ambulance corps near there and a gentlemen named barron johnson who was listening to the police radio and he heard officer down, 1013. he runs into the base and gets a young woman named tatiana alexander and they hop in the ambulance along with another guy in the front, pedro. they speed down myrtle avenue and arrive and along the way they hear two officers shot, rush the bus. that means hurry up with the ambulance. they know it's really serious. they see a cop waving them dramatically and frantically to turn on to tompkins avenue and there were two police officers both shot in the car. there was only one ambulance and two officers shot. barron said to one. cops, who is hurt worse? he said they are both shot in the head and neither is breathing. barron started working on officer ramos behind the steering wheel. alexander and pedro went an

you're riveted by pictures this like in berkeley, california, and students protesting what many see as police brutality. you shared images of last night's looting but also of students protecting businesses. this led many of you to wonder, will the caucus students who looted and destroyed businesses at the berkeley protests be classified as thugs or is that reserved only for blacks? as you debate that question, a man not getting eaten by a giant snake continues to be a trending topic. the discovery channel aired its special "eaten alive" last night but its star, paul rose was anything but. he was rescued after the an con da he tracked only ate his head. i guess that -- ♪ that anaconda don't want ♪ >> you're tweeting, discovery, i never watched your show "naked and afraid" but after watching "eaten alive" i assume everyone is clothed and calm. some of you are tweeting over a new letter from albert einstein to marie, who was coming under fire in 1911 for seeing a married man separated from his wife. einstein said, if the rabble continues to occupy itself with you, then simply don't read t

bring, you know, these people to the kind of work that i've enjoyed doing, the stories i have been riveted by and i think are important to tell and the people. >> charlie: is there a common denominator in terms of the kinds of roles you've enjoyed in your mind? do they meet a certain? >> no, there are obvious things, the intelligence of the characters, the oddness of some of them, the heroism of some of them. but i do the guy next door as the comedian or as in madagascar playing a talking wolf. it's great fun and you get to flex different muscles. for me, it's great variety. there's not one that define mess as though sherlock's success is necessary. >> charlie: and played frequently in a variety of places before. >> yeah. i always get this wrong but 76 or 96. it's the most portrayed fictional character of all. >> charlie: how do you prepare to come to that kind of character so that you want to be true to the character and at the same time you want to have your own interpretation? >> right. well, and as far as interpretation goes, a huge amount of heavy lifting is done by mark and steve. al

riveting discussion on how these presidents often forgotten made a significant contribution to our constitutional understanding. and martin wolf. i am glad he is here to take the time to join us. he was appointed to the district court of massachusetts in 1985 to service chief judge from -- 2006-2012. he served in the for just -- ford justice department. he received a certificate of appreciation from the president from his work in the resettlement of indochinese recognition. you have written this great book about the forgotten presidents. one thing that emerges is that you can be forgotten and still make a significant contribution --consultation constitutional understanding. you believe that president ford is neither a forgotten president nor a bad one. you think you made a significant contribution to our understanding of executive power. >> that is correct. i am honored to be here. i appreciate the chance to be a part of this program and to talk iout the president's legacy know a great deal of. i think president ford had a tremendous constitutional legacy and is particularly striking when you con

. >> sreenivasan: that's just part of the hook of a weekly podcast called "serial" that's riveted millions with its exploration of a true murder case and a felon's potential innocence. >> this is "serial" podcast , a story told week by week. i'm sarah koenig. >> sreenivasan: first released in october, "serial" is a spin- off of the public radio program "this american life." each week, the program's investigation of the case seems to unfold along with the viewer. the focus: the 1999 conviction of a high school senior, anan syed, who was charged with murder of his ex-girlfriend, hae min lee. "serial" host and creator sarah koenig, takes listeners through an extensive re-examination of the alibis, testimony, work of the defense attorney done back then asking whether syed really was guilty. >> what grabbed me about this story is that a friend of the family came to me and said, "we believe this guy is innocent. there are holes in this case. can you take a look? >> sreenivasan: its a huge hit in the world of podcasting, garnering five million downloads on itunes, far more than any other podcast

alisyn, that was a terrific interview, riveting. couldn't take my eyes off it.we have now is this growing number of women. i've lost count of him women, it's over 20 now. and not only the numbers that are interesting but also the consistency in some of their stories. i will say there's the consistent question with many of these which is why come forward now all these years later? >> well, 34 tell them the same story, bill cosby was an incredibly powerful connected person and they didn't want to ruin their own reputations and their own careers. beverly johnson spoke to that. she also didn't want to bring down this man who, as she described, was a beloved entertainer. and he had this wonderful reputation. she thought she was alone. she didn't know at that time that there were other women and she didn't want to be responsible for the downfall of this man who had done so much for the black community. it was more complicated for her. >> it was interesting to hear her speak with you, too, because she spoke about the fact that coming forward with this meant something t

we had a riveting discussion presidentse thursday often forgotten by the general public at large made a ignificant contribution to our constitutional understanding. my other friend, mark wolf is here. to join he's taken time us. he was appointed to the district court for the district of 1985 and servedn as chief judge from 2006 through 2012. now. a senior judge he previously served in the ford justice department as a special attorney to the deputy general of the united states and the attorney general of the united states. certificate ved a of appreciation from president ford for his work in the of indo-chinese refugees. going to jump right in. nd michael, you've written the great book about the forgotten presidents. one thing that emerges is that ou can be forgotten and still make a significant contribution to constitutional understanding, or you can be remembered and no contribution to constitutional understanding. but as i understand it, you is eve that president ford neither a forgotten president, a bad one because you think a significant t, contribution to understand in the execut

it's quite riveting and takes you all the way through it. we will be doing things at harvard this fall. >> right there? yes, sir. >> how do you account for the news media's failure to challenge the basis for the invasion of iraq. how do you counter for the news media's failure challenge for the basis of iraq, something that got a lot of attention paid to it. there is the bill moyers documentary. >> that's the question that has been around for a while. my personal judgment, i was in there a lot beforehand. i didn't know about weapons of mass destruction. no one did. the un couldn't figure out whether they had them or didn't have them. could they have been hidden? all these bunkers all over the country. what i did think was and i said this on the air, we will be successful militarily in the short-term, but the country will begin to break up into the tribal thiefdoms. it will be a lot harder to hold it together than we do. the state department had another point of view about the consequences of the invasion, but never said no, there should be n

a sickle was riveted around his neck.ually smith escaped after he quote, beat out his master's brains. despite this experience, smith had little to say about islam or muslims. after his escape, smith traveled extensively as a free man throughout the north african state, observing the wealth and power of these princely estates and noting that the quote, countries of fez and morocco are the best part of all barbary. they eat well and have all good necessities for man's use. another virginia colonist drew upon his experience as a clerk in constantinople to draw comparisons between ottoman muslims and native north americans. of his observations were relatively neutral. he noted, quote, the indian drink is, as the turks, clearwater. the indians spread a mat as the turks do a carpet for them to sit upon. his comparisons were less sanguine when discussing indians' marital habits. chief -- while polygamousollowed a practice but did not keep all of his wives as the turks in one house. he theorized that these sensual helps weaken t

it's been riveting. the president appeared at the recovery center this evening and met a lot of the families and relatives of people who were on the plane, which was a scene of great emotional devastation. the president was somber. he was struck by the emotion and the tragedy of this and i think it's stair to say this is probably the first great test in human tragedy in his young presidency. for indonesians themselves who are now accustomed to flying to a lot of destinations that low budget travel such as airasia has made possible this will probably give them pause. and the ceo, tony fernandez has been everywhere expressing his deepest sentiments. his personal apology to the passengers and their families and saying they'll get back in the air as safe as ever. >> heartbreaking to see the images of the family grieving and video of that rescue. let me ask you about the airlines' effort in flying the families over the area where the rescue and search is taking place in hopes of paying respects and saying pra

. >> this report is stunning, as riveting as this, we'd like to be briefed for the prosecution, senator feinstein in 2009 decided that this story of use of torture by our intelligence agency was so shocking that she wanted to produce a report that was so daming that it would draw a bright red lean in our history and no one would use these techniques ever again. she's been quite saying that. so she gathered every document that should could probably show the program in a negative light. it turns out, there were many of them. the documents were gathered in terms of each asserted success for the program. she had her analysts go back and look, couldn't they have done it another way to minimize the impact? she did not allow the people name in this damming investigation to defend themselves. i think that's one of the weak pieces if journalism, you do have a responsibility to say, what do you think, joe? worry saying it's about you. what's your response? so this is not a document that and his torian would write. at last contest, what people were living through as they did these things, what was

sounds like an unlikely subject, sounds like aa fringe and so they could be subject but it is totally riveting. tom followed the four decades of inquiries the university of virginia psychiatrist in cases of people who appear to have been born with the memories and personality of individuals who were recently deceased. apparent instances of incarnation, and the book is amazing. tom leezer .biz latest book "acid test" which chronicles the victims to acceptance of use of psychedelics, lsd and mdma for psychotherapy, especially the epidemic we have faced post-traumatic stress but it's it commits pleasure to tom here tonight, and to introduce them to you now. >> thank you, ed. very nice introduction of lost mac thank you all for coming out. i hope you all signed a shining -- the sign i in sheet because wanted to the people who came out to talk about drugs after school. [laughter] but really, why we're here, or wi-fi me writing about this book is because a man named albert hoffman in 1945 stumbled on one of the most remarkable discoveries in history, and he is an interesting story because we knew wa

washington speaking, it is riveting. the manner in which he spoke. you can see right here that crowds, thousands of people would come out to hear booker t. washington speak. he is speaking again here. laying the word down. might have been myself, right? booker t. washington. not only with tuskegee institute did booker t. washington make a significant impact. we talked about washington and his impact, as well, with other what we call now hbcus, that because of washington's influence, he was able to open up opportunities for other hbcus to become in fact land grant colleges. to get not only land, but moneys from the state and also federal government. and because of booker t. washington, many hbcus became proficient and also very viable. although by 1900, tuskegee institute boasted an endowment of $1.5 million. that was a lot of money back then. that is a lot of money now, as far as i'm concerned. that was a lot of money back then to have as an endowment, especially for a black university. also in 1900 booker t. washington starts the national negro busi

certainly you should feel free at any time to leave despite the powerful and rivetting remarks i'm about to give. i know you'll find it difficult to break away. >> thank you. thank you. i'd also like the to invite senator grassly to come to arizona for the super bowl and join many of his constituents who are smart enough to spend the winter with us. thank you. >> thank you senator mccain. >> we are going to give opening remarks and then unfortunately going to have to take a recess because of the votes that are ongoing right now. we're going to come back at the end of those votes, we hope not long in a little while to continue the hearing at that point with the remainder of the witnesses. i will give my opening remarks. then senator grassly will give his. as senator mccain said, americans really love sports and they deserve to see them on their terms, not on terms that are described by the professional sports leagues in blacking out what they think americans should see rather than what americans want to see on their terms. the competitive teams of professional football, baseball, hockey,