from that point on the cross lost its associations with the shameful death it spread across the roman empire first in the form of a monogram combining in the first two letters of the greek word christophe's keith and fro. over the centuries it was increasingly figured as across. in these early depictions the crucified jesus is shown as christians of that era wish to see him already victorious over life and death living and triumphant. yes i know if that isn't exertion this stone looks very simple at first sight or the cross has arms of equal length from the bar on it's from the seventh century the during the marriage engine dinnerstein the graves of priests and high ranking officials. well marked with stones like this least. as good as darko significance is that they indicate christian graves or it is because i remember they were still he even in the seventh century who got a high haps the deceased all their relatives and hoped all wish to mark the graves so that none would be forgotten on the day of judgment of our goods but it's kind of a guess and was. originally the symbol of an agonizin

and for centuries the roman military machine succeeded in holding the empire to gather. but at some point about variance again the other hand the gym and trying the guts and the vandals. in the fifth century the western empire ceased to exist. roma couple monday once the capital of the world and home to a million people fell into decay and the dark ages began. much of the knowledge of antiquity was lost in all areas but particularly in engineering architecture mathematics and physics. the ruins of the ancient world were plundered for building materials. just a few generations after rome fell no one was capable of creating anything remotely comparable. in the year three hundred thirty the roman emperor constantine had moved his capital to the prosperous and what is now turkey naming it constantinople in his own ana. after that the empire split into an eastern and the west and how. the eastern roman empire also known as byzantium and did until the fifteenth century constantinople was the second row home to more than half a million people who call themselves. roman. the byz

the eastern roman empire also known as byzantium endured until the fifteenth century constantinople was the second row home to more than half a million people who call themselves. roman. the byzantine emperor as saw themselves as descendants of seas and augustus while it's patriarch was head of the orthodox christian. constantinople also became the repository of ancient wisdom. it scholars were leading figures in every field. am. the rome of the east was the ball work of antiquity in the medieval world. no one had been able to conquer the city on the prosperous. but one seventh of its population were merchants from january and the republic of venice known as latins this affluent minority had a reputation for arrogance and belligerence and were unpopular with the eastern romans. in only eleven seventy one riots broke out in paris the generals course and. the emperor man who were the first accused the venetians of causing the trouble. finishing merchants were imprisoned and their possessions confiscated. and. then is tried to defend its people to no avail. it was the start of a conflict t

they date back all the way to the roman empire. once too many romans ate the memberberries, there was no more growth. they rested on their laurels, just eating and 'membering all the good stuff. i think those are just grapes. thought so, too, till i zoomed in. member? you see, we all want to go back to when we were kids. simple ideas like a big man to protect us, keep us safe. instead of a fresh, new "star wars," we want the old, just recycled and plopped in our tummies. you almost make it sound like j.j. abrams is responsible for this entire election. does this look familiar? oh, geez. sir! we've got a message from overseas. you really should see it. a message how? we're completely offline. this was sent on a vhs. whoever sent it is completely offline, too. put it on the screen. people of denmark, we know that you've been the victim of trolling. so have we. maybe we can help. i'm not sure if you know my girlfriend, heidi, but she's really smart and really funny. stop it. no, i'm not. you are, babe. stop it. who the hell are these p

old i bet he thought he was going to be talking to the charlamagne, the emperor from the holy roman empire'm excited. we went to the same school, remember? we took history together but back then we just called it 'present'." i think it's great candidates are broadening the way they speak to black issues. anyone anyone can show up at a black church and clap off beat. that's easy. but it takes real commitment to show up somewhere where they may ask you to drop a freestyle. you never know. i can't wait for joe biden's freestyle. heads, shoulders, knees and toes. let me touch them. let me touch them. let me touch them. the breakfast club is a great place to connect with the young black vote but the older generation of black voters are the real powerhouse of the polls,. >> democratic candidates today flooding a new york conference room for a chance to stand up to a key democratic demographic. some 12 of 17 2020 hopefuls made it a priority to stop at the reverend al sharpton's national action network annual convention. >> al sharpton asking every candidate whether they would sign a bill that wou

the romans would be the spark that would cause jesus to begin the events that would topple the roman empire these political intrigues form the backdrop to one of the most celebrated scenes of jesus' life: the last supper. >> this place is called the cenaculum. it comes from the latin word [ speaking in foreign language ] cena, for dinner, and this is the traditional site where the last supper took place. when jesus and his disciples meet for the last supper, the tension is really building up. through the week that they've been in jerusalem, there have been increasing conflicts with authorities. something big was about to happen. >> i think there's a real sense of foreboding at the last supper the way that it's portrayed in the gospels. >> there's that moment at the meal, this intimacy. to eat a meal with somebody is to be family with them. >> jesus announces that, "one of you, one of the 12 will betray me." >> jesus is taking them on a path they did not expect. they all sense the ominous stench of death breathing down on jesus, and they don't know what to do. >> it is the one to whom i give

. >> jesus was executed for being a threat to the roman empire. >> what piilate cared about is makingion. if executing disease us was ex-peteient, he was prepared to do so. >> he wanted to people to see the final decision rests with him. >> 'did the gospel accounts try to make the man who condemned jesus into a good guy?w did they to make the man who condemned jesus into a good guy?h did the try to make the man who condemned jesus into a good guy try to make the man who condemned jesus into a good guy try to make the man who condemned jesus into a good guy try to make the man who condemned jesus into a good guy? voting for your favorite dancers on our show has never been easier. just say "vote for world of dance" into your xfinity v-mo. um jennifer, it's called a voice remote, not a v-mo. yeah, i just think v-mo has a nicer ring to it. so, just say "vote for world of dance" into your xfinity v-mo to choose your xfinity fan favorite to join the world of dance experience on my "it's my party" summer tour. cast your vote by saying "vote for world of dance" into your xfinity x1 voice remo

. >> today, we cannot imagine someone going up against a force such as the roman empire in that way, romans have not been in israel very long relatively speaking. >> for a while, it may have looked like the rebellion would have been successful, but then the romans sent 15,000 troops down from syria into sepphoris to flatten the city and squash the rebellion. >> i think it would be terrifying to face the roman army. you would know that they were there to utterly destroy you. >> judas was hopelessly outclassed, in military terms, by the romans. >> i have a feeling after those first few jewish rebels fell, and the roman army just continued to advance, they knew the gig was up. >> the romans level the city in response because it had been taken, so that everyone who saw this would understand that revolt against rome was impossible. >> the romans round up 2,000 individuals and crucify them. they then take the entire population of the city of sepphoris and sell them into slavery. judas probably met his fate on a cross. >> romans would not let the people take down -- take down the corpses wh

pilgrims and tourists to jerusalem under the roman empire visited a place where they had that. it was then taken to constantinople, and then louis i ask of france brought it to parents don't like paris and the 1200s. he also built another church especially fort called saint chappelle, another chaplain for us means almost of light. different colored glass for the walls. it was moved under napoleon to notre dame in 1801. it's been there for more than 200 years. it could have been destroyed if the fire at phelan. it was to be on the main altar. the firefighter said immediately when the flames started to come up in the roof, we've got to get these treasures out. they made a chain and handed from one to another. many of the great checked on my treasures of the church were preserved. >> harris: i am so grateful for the journey that you described, for the crown of thorns have a man to jerusalem in recent months and having been to the vatican and to the sistine chapel. i know there are so many artifacts around the world that are important. not just the people who practice catholicism b

and the excruciating pain of chopping blocks rather than submit to certain unjust laws of the roman empire. to a degree, academic freedom is a reality today because is a -- because socrates practiced civil disobedience. in our own nation, the boston tea party represented a massive act of civil disobedience. we should never forget that everything that adolf hitler did andermany was "legal" everything the hungarian freedom fighters did in hungary was open ." it wasllegal "illegal" to aid and comfort a jew in hitler's germany. even so, i am sure that, had i lived in germany at the time, i would have aided and comforted my jewish brothers. if today i lived in a communist country where certain principles dear to the christian faith are suppressed, i would openly advocate disobeying that country's antireligious laws. i must make two honest confessions to you, my christian and jewish brothers. first, i must confess that over the past few years i have been gravely disappointed with the white moderate. i have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the negro's great stumbling block in his st

and the excruciating pain of chopping blocks rather than submit to certain unjust laws of the roman empire. to a degree, academic freedom is a reality today because is a crat tees practiced civil disobedience. in our own nation, the boston tea party represented a massive act of civil disobedience. we should never forget that everything that adolf hitler did in germany was, quote, unquote, legal and everything that the hungarian freedom fighters did in hungary was -- quote, unquote -- illegal. it was, quote-unquote, illegal to aid and comfort a jew in hitler's germany. even so, i am sure that, had i lived in germany at the time, i would have aided and comforted my jewish brothers. if today i lived in a communist country where certain principles dear to the christian faith are suppressed, i would openly advocate disobeying that country's antireligious laws. i must make two honest confessions to you, my christian and jewish brothers. first, i must confess that over the past few years i have been gravely disappointed with the white moderate. i have almost reached the regrettable conclusion tha

so edward given who wrote six volume history of the decline and fall of roman empire which was published in the late 1700s and it was describing events that happened a thousand years before. and he was once asked, what is the last thing significant of rome? and you know what he said? too soon to tell. well, but i can give you a date, a precise date on which it will be no longer too soon to tell. and that is election day 2020. and the reason i say this is that residents who make a lasting mark on the american political system, who are elevated into the rank of really important president, are exclusively those presidents who get reelected. the presidents for whom voters have a chance to vote on their performance, presidents get elected the first time on the promise. and promise is one thing. you can be a persuasive promise her but it doesn't always pay off. and maybe you don't deliver on your promises or you change your mind or something. so i'm not going to say that anybody can get elected on the promise. but you can get elected on promises and not follow through. you get reelected on the

i was listening to leakture the other day about the old romans, roman empire, and the romans, their success in creating their empire, they were incredibly creative and adaptive. they saw situations that needed to be changed, they actually did it. they have perfected the failing approach by the greeks. and that approach was totally useless. what the romans did was create a way around that, another source to have a very flexible, highly mobile type an attack force which they called the legions. what they did was they simply became adaptive to the new situation. . this is wherer i wish the other side of this body would try to become less dog mat ig and more adaptive. instead of bringing another resolution to the floor which has no chance of passing in the senate, which would be vetoed by the president, spend our time trying to come up with creative solution that is would be a win-win-win situation. we can can can do it, but we need to. it would be nice if the other side of the aisle could also understand what the article 1 actually means. that the in the last administration instead of -- that

empire" actor, jussie smollett. welcome to "early start," i'm christine romans. >> i'm dave briggs. 5:00 a.m.east, we finally made it to friday. cnn confirming last night the trump administration pushed the department of homeland security to release detained migrants

empire" actor, jussie smollett. welcome to "early start," i'm christine romans. >> i'm dave briggs. 5:00 a.m. in the east, we finally made it to friday. cnn confirming last night the trump administration pushed the department of homeland security to release detained migrants into so called sanctuary cities. sources tell us the game was hardly to retaliate against democrats who oppose president trump's plans for a border wall. president trump pushed homeland secretary kirstjen nielsen to follow through on the plan. sources say she resisted. an analysis by lawyers concluded the plan would be illegal. a dhs official confirmed there was a proposal, telling cnn quote these are human beings, not game pieces. >>> meantime, vice president pence touring the border in arizona exclusively with cnn. the trump nrgs has no plans to return to separating families as a way -- administration has no plans to return to separating families as a way to deter immigration. >> pence's comments contradict multiple sources who tell us the president was considering more extreme measures to enforce a zero tolerance immig