a real roman myth. the pbs newshour, i'm malcolm brabant. >> sreenivasan: now to our newshour shares, something that caught our eye that may be of interest to you, too. a unique surf competition was held near san francisco earlier this month. the participants weren't your normal waveriders, but their four-legged friends. laura klivans of pbs station kqed was there and sent along these sights and sounds. >> the surf day in the large dog competition hopefully will put a smile on a lot of people's faces. >> whoo! gidget has been surfing three years. i took her on paddle boarding and threw her on a surf board and she balanced and took off. (cheering) >> she's been doing this for ten years. the longest competing surf dog. she has two records for the longest wave rid bin a dog in open water by herself. she started this four or five years ago. well, today, hopefully, he will place. she always surfs the medium dogs. (cheering) (cheering) (laughter) >> a really cool sport. it's about the best thing you can do wi

as the years passed, the romans left england and the soldiers left the wall. in later centuries, many of the stones were taken from the wall to build roads. this important part of history would have been lost if not for a man by the name of john clayton in the 18th century who helped save it. proud of their wall from the days of hadrian, the people of england would no doubt argue with robert frost, for they certainly do love their wall. for teen kids news, i'm nicole. - 50 us states, 50 state flags, each one with its own unique history. here's eric with flag facts. (fast-paced drum music) - [eric] it's home to cowboy ghost towns, custer's last stand, seven indian reservations, the world's shortest river and largest migrating elk herd. the state animal is the grizzly bear. (growling) and its sweeping vistas earned it the nickname big sky country. we're talking montana, partner. - montana is from the spanish word for mountains or mountainous. - admitted to the union in 1889, its flag honors both the land and its people. - [randy] so you see the tools of a miner,

do you sympathise with roman polanski?hat is not how you are supposed to be treated in court. you understand why he fled? i understand and i was kind of glad he did. really? it was nice that he was gone and it was over for a little while. it was over for a little while and i wonder if you think that it could have been resolved, but for the judge? it could have easily been resolved and should have been resolved and the judge just make sure that did not happen because he was concerned about himself and his own image and he was really enjoying the publicity and really wanted a trial. i think that he was disappointed that they weren't going to put me on the stand at 1a to be cross—examined. do you now feel angrier with the judge than you do with roman polanski? he is no longer alive. if i had to pick, yes, i am not still angry but i definitely feel that he bears the responsibility for the way that this has worked out for all of us. you say that you felt relieved when roman polanski left. yes, he was gone! it was only a matter

hard for the roman empire pays tax is the roman empire good question well we're part of it here you cannot rewrite history based on today's values you got to rewrite history the way it was history should be more like other electoral pursuits. outside look at outside the moral domain or outside whatever value system describe things the way they were statistically these are historical realities the problem we have is there are certain political interests which are looking to divide communities which are looking to push back the idea and the ideals of multiculturalism that we have different contributing populations different contributing demographics within broader society well two scientists in particular have been trading barbs over this historian mary beard insists the cartoons portrayal is accurate citing firm evidence but statistician nassim nicholas taleb you saw earlier is not convinced. professor pitt is a renowned cambridge scholar said the cartoon character was loosely based on a governor of roman britain with beliefs of an african descent nassim taleb though says her underst

you say that you felt relieved when roman polanski left. yes, he was gone! a matter of time because in the years since then, there have been legal manoeuvres from all sides and we have this situation in 2009 when he was arrested in switzerland. you said that the panic attacks and insomnia you had suffered your entire life returned in full force. that was bad. they did not tell me that would happen so it was a complete shock. i called home because i was out of town. i called home to tell them to unplug the phone which is a standard procedure when anything happens. within hours, they called back, saying that there were reporters in the yard and people there with cameras and people parked up front. they would not leave and i was in colorado. i did not think it could get as bad as 1977 but it felt like it did. you said when he was released that he was released and put under house arrest. you said that you were relieved? i felt terrible. why should he be injail? how can you feel good about that? i wake up in the morning and the nightmare is back and he is in his

in the center, a mosaic, the roman god of wine and intoxication. >> and extraordinary site, the mostignificant excavation in the last 40 years in france. squared, ands extraordinary because of the wide range of discovers. and the impressive state of preservation. 32 kilometers from leon, home to several aged monuments is the town and was part of the roman empire three centuries until its inhabitants fled because of multiple fires. it is the fires that have kept the site in good condition. atypicaluilding has an structure, oriental and it could be what we call in latin, a school. probably a school for rhetoric or philosophy. there was a rhetoric school in this town. maybe the school was on the right bank. -- tom pay has not revealed all of his secrets, the excavation started in april and will continue to the end of the year. a museum will restore some of the artifacts, hoping to put them on display in 2019 in an exhibit. claire: a reminder about our top stories, no hope of relations improving, so says the russian prime minister after donald trump begrudgingly approved a package of new

it was a rectangular roman temple style building with the south portico of the by 1984 we realized it needed renovation. it was too small for 20th century purposes. rather than give up on the building what we did was gave it a new roof. we gave it monumental front steps, leading up to the south portico and we added to balancing, classically styled wings. the west wing became a senate wing and the east wing became a house wing. we are presently located in the 1906 era entrance hall. before the 21st century, the general public could come up the exterior front steps onto the portico, enter through double doors in front of me and walk down this entrance hall and be greeted by none other than george washington himself standing life-size, meticulous marble masterpiece placed here in the center of the capitol back in 1796. it's the only full-length statue of washington that he personally posed for. it was shortly after the revolution. he was 53 years old. he had voluntarily resigned his military powers to go home to private life on his farm. the statue that visitors see today is the most acc

treated roman harshly because of romans and. he's uncompromising reactions to the interrogation and lack of cooperation the pressure to break him and lack of experience with a committed interrogation resistor on november two thousand and two or did or approve the gods placing roman in the short changed position whereby he was compelled to sit on the concrete floor of his cell raman was only clothed in a sweat shirt they sat directly led to romans death by hypothermia. the psychologist lawyer claimed their clients were a public servants whose actions were authorized by the u.s. government they say the actions were illegal in an effort to protect innocent lives from suspected terrorists the american civil liberties union attorney said the case said son important president this is a historic victory for our clients and the rule of law this outcome shows that there are consequences for torture and that survivors can and will hold those responsible for torture accountable it is a clear warning for anyone who thinks they can torture w

all this is over a program that depicts a black high ranking roman soldier. just what a man needs after working hard for the roman empire pays tax is the film an empire could question well we're part of it here you cannot rewrite history based on today's values you got to rewrite history the way it was history should be more like other electoral pursuits outside look at us on the moral domain or outside whatever value system of interest describes in the way that statistically these are historical realities the problem we have is there are certain political interests which are looking to divide communities which are looking to push back the idea and the ideals of multiculturalism that we have different contributing populations different contributing demographics within broader society. to scientists in particular have been trading barbs cambridge historian mary beard a one side insists the cartoons portrayal is accurate citing quote firm evidence but the other side statistician nassim nicholas taleb use i'm just earlier is not convinced by it prefer sabir who'

program does depict a black high ranking roman soldier. just what a man needs after working hard for the roman empire pays tear his development empire good question well we're part of it here you cannot rewrite history based on today's values you got to write this through the way it works history should be more like other. pursuits. outside look at our side the moral domain or outside whatever value system which was described in the way that statistically these are historical realities the problem we have is there are certain political interests which are looking to divide communities which are looking to push back the idea and the ideals of multiculturalism that we have different contributing populations different contributing demographics within broader society. well two scholars in particular have been trading barbs cambridge historian mary beard insists the cartoons portrayal is accurate citing firm evidence but started statistician miss and athene ikhlas taleb to use the word is not conveyed just. professor beard who is a renowned cam

it shows a high ranking black roman soldier just what imam needs after working hard for the roman empire. right east of amman empire could question well we're part of it here you cannot rewrite history based on today's values you got to rewrite history the way it works history should be more like other electoral pursuits. outside of the moral domain or outside whatever value system which would describe things the way they were statistically these are historical realities the problem we have is there are certain political interests which are looking to divide communities which are looking to push back the idea and the ideals of multiculturalism that we have different contributing populations different contributing demographics within broader society. well two scholars in particular have been trading barbs cambridge historian miri beard insists the cartoons betrayal is accurate citing quote firm evidence she say's the caracter is loosely based on a governor of roman britain who is believed to have been of african descent but not some nicholas taleb whom you just saw is not convinced even i

only clothed in a sweat shed they sent directly lead to romans death by hypothermia. see a whistle blower john kiriakou exposed a one torture tactic the agency's use of waterboarding in two thousand and seven for blowing the whistle to this date kerry aku is the only individual to serve time in prison for anything related to the cia's torture program and as the a.c.l.u. explains until now every lawsuit trying to hold people accountable for the cia torture program has been dismissed at initial stages because the government successfully argued that letting the cases proceed would reveal state secrets speaking to our to celebrate at the news this is absolutely a precedent for other victims to seek justice of course there are some who i think the cia would fight because their cases are very sensitive but there are so many other people who were sent to slee. torture for no reason people who had no ties to terrorism but were just in the wrong place in the wrong time it's going to enable them to seek justice and to seek monetary compensation frankly i think the cia dodged a

i want amani renas' victory over the romans. i want the mecca. i want the existence of the black pharaohs of the nile between 750, bc. i want every child in america to know that and not to think it is extraordinary or special. i want them to know about the history of the world. i want them to know about fred rick douglas and booker t washington. i want them to know about george washington carver and not only knowing them about it in the coldest, darkest, shortest month of the year which is february. >> hold that poimt. we will come back to the final >>> welcome back to the broadcast. people are talking about black history and it is not at the expense of your white brothers and sisters. because you have built some of the best relationships. you just believe without minimizing anybody or marginal liesing anybody, you just feel there has been a void in the history of africa being told in the world. >> when we in the 90s fought fore -- for the equality of african-american literature and people on the right, conservatives, say you are trying to get ri

american state capitol to open after the revolutionary war, and since we are the first monumental roman temple style building in the modern era, its influence on other state capitols, county courthouses and public buildings very famous up in washington, d.c. could not be underestimated. i've heard architectural historian describe the iconic governmental buildings in washington, d.c. as the sequel to the building here. and we start off in jamestown, which is the oldest english speaking settlement in north america. and that was used throughout the 16 hundreds and there were multiple buildings public and private used for meeting. and then in williamsburg we built a capitol that burned down in the middle of the 17 hundreds and we rebuilt a second one and it was the second capital that we left behind when we moved here to richmond during the revolutionary war. and interestingly, mr. jefferson who had introduced the bill to relocate to richmond, by the time we made the move, a year later, he was serving as governor and he got to oversee the process. if you think of the capitol as an essay in

directly led to roman's death by hypothermia. and this torture methods have repeatedly been criticized by human rights activists here is a reminder. of some of the other so-called interrogation techniques reportedly used in america's secret prisons. the. psychologists a lawyer is claiming that their clients were public servants of those actions actions were authorized by the u.s. government they say everything the defendants dead was in the line of duty and carried out in an effort to protect innocent lives from suspected terrorists meanwhile an attorney for the american civil liberties union who represented the plaintiffs sas that the case sets an important precedent. this is a historic victory for our clients and the rule of law this outcome shows that there are consequences for torture and that survivors can and will hold those responsible for torture accountable it is a clear warning for anyone who thinks they can torture with impunity former cia analyst and whistleblower john kerry akhil believes that there are more similar

roman numeral about it. it.new about he was too low ranking at the time. his boss was a number one man at the kgb. he knew about this. he had given the go-ahead. there is no way that putin knew about it. but there is no way that he does not know about it now. he has been a major protector of the glu military intelligence. the gru is a rock. it is the only intelligence military agency in russia that is not changed names. the kgb has changed names, and putin has given it more strength and more staff and has been protecting both. is this why the information on our side hasn't been released? because we are afraid of offending the russians? why? it has been 36 years. our president has been very vocal with his twitter account. he has been very candid and vocal about his opinions. he doesn't want to be seen as putin's lapdog. why don't you call on putin to tell us what he knows about this? i think we now know who is behind it. why not release the details? i would also ask president trump or anybody in the bureaucracy today, i am wondering if it is that the bureau

. >> this commentary on romans, the book of romans. the reason i am reading it is it was given to me as part of a bible study here in the capital and our teacher, scott red, president of the reformed theological seminary in washington dc, gave us this wonderful commentary. i have read biblical commentaries before and they give me a headache. this one is what i would consider intellectually solid but also fairly pastoral. it is known as the bible speaks today series so tries to make it relevant to today and theologically and historically sound. what i have to do when i read something this wordy is i use my yellow highlighter to make sure i -- it keeps my attention and i go back and reference it as well. that is what i am reading this summer. it will take me all summer because it is fairly dense. >> what are some topics that caught your attention? >> good question. romans is a very practical theological book. deep theology on the one hand of the apostle paul, but he writes to a church about correction and whatnot in some places. the thin

there are some people who did a roman salute. >> reporter: it's not a roman salute.t's a nazi salute. are you trying to normalize racism? >> i want the alt-right to be a dominant movement. >> reporter: he even seemed to predict that this extremism would lead to bloodshed. >> of course that's a possible. i thit current paradigm that we are living under is going to lead to blood and tears, period. >> reporter: you are predicting a race war, basically. >> i don't know exactly what's going to happen, but yes, i do think it will be a crackup predominantly on racial lines. >> reporter: yet, it was people of all races who marched against spencer and the racism he espouses. >> you will not replace us! >> reporter: the roots of this latest spate of violence runs deep, hearkening back to this country's oldest after dylann roof killed people at a black church, images of him posing with a confederate flag. when the city of new orleans pushed to remove four confederate monuments, protests broke out. >> these monuments celebrate a fictional, sanitized confederacy, ignoring the dea

. >> and more development from a los angeles courtroom and a decade-old case involving roman polanski. a ruling came from a judge today. ♪ ♪ award winning interface. award winning design. award winning engine. the volvo xc90. the most awarded luxury suv of the century. this august visit your local volvo dealer to receive sommar savings of up to $4,500. >>> in finland, a man went on a rampage in markets where, injuring eight people. police shot him in the leg and arrested him. the attack was a - - the attack may have been motivated by terrorism. >>> and a victim of sexual assault, it was not - - roman polanski admitted to having wrongful sexual relations with a ten-year-old girl. he fled the united states. the victim said that she had forgiven him and made a plea for the case to be resolved. the judge denied the request. roman polanski has spent 42 years in a - - he has spent the last few years in france. >>> the jackpot is $535 million. no one matched all six numbers. that makes it one of the largest jackpots ever. your odds of winning are a real long shot, one in $293 million. >> and

i'm christine romans. >> no beers for president trump. he's not a drinker. i'm dave briggs. i'm not $700 million richer unfortunately, but somebody is. we'll tell you who. thursday, august 24th, 4:00 a.m. in the east. 11:00 a.m. in moscow and jerusalem. >>> we start with president trump affecting a new and drastic shift in tone after a divisive rally tuesday. the president issued a call for national unity. less than 24 hours later at the american legion convention in reno, nevada. >> the president sticking closely to prepared script in his teleprompter, choosing not to attack republican foes in nevada after he slammed two gop senators -- john mccain and jeff flake -- during his arizona earlier rally. today the president is back at the white house with no public events scheduled. jason carroll has more from reno. >> reporter: the president is back in washington, d.c., and he's left a lot of that fiery rhetoric and that awkward defense, inaccurate defense, of his response to charlottesville back in phoenix. here in reno, the talk was all about unifying the country as he addres

was only clothed in a sweat shed they sent directly lead to roman's death by hypothermia. ca whistleblower john kerry who exposed one torture tactic the agency's use of waterboarding in two thousand and seven for blowing the whistle to date carioca is the only individual to serve time in prison for anything concerning the cia's torture program and as the a.c.l.u. explains until now every lawsuit trying to hold people accountable for the cia torture program has been dismissed at initial stages because the government successfully argued that letting the cases precede it would reveal state secrets speaking to r.t. carry out celebrated this news this is absolutely a precedent for other victims to seek justice of course there are some who i think the cia would fight because their cases are very sensitive but there are so many other people who were sent to slee. torture for no reason people who had no ties to terrorism but were just in the wrong place in the wrong time it's going to enable them to seek justice and to seek monetary compensation frankly i think the cia dodged a bu

romans call them nasoni, or "big noses" for their curved spigots. the water utility says it's the first time in history they've had to turn them off, a radical move in a city where water plays such a central role, from the trevi fountain, to the tiber river. >> rome is where it is because of this water. >> reporter: tom rankin is a professor of urbanism at rome's la sapienza university. >> the romans were smart. they started removing the groundwater where it was undesired, using it for their water source, wells. >> reporter: the ancient romans were master engineers of water. >> they really were. the sewer system was certainly in place in the 4th century b.c. and it's still functioning today. it's probably the most cost- effective public works project ever built. >> reporter: but modern city planning has fallen short. the drought is one thing, he says. but long-term mismanagement is also to blame. officials from both the city and the water utility declined requests for an interview. >> rome, of all the european capitals, is the only city that has a f

. >>> a judge has dpped the plea of roman pal -- denied the plea of roman polansky if he wants to have his four decade case resolved. he plead guilty to having unlawful sex with a 13-year-old. he fled the country on the night before he was sentenced. the victim supported his efforts, but made her plea in court for the first time in june. >>> skydiver said dumb luck saved his life and ran into trouble. he couldn't deploy his parachute. he was wearing a wing suit for the first time and couldn't reach the pool handle, he was spinning out of control and in his words he hit the lottery. >> i don't know how it happened, but i landed on a tree sitting on a branch. >> police and firefighters found him hanging from the tree 60 to 80 treat above the ground. they got him down after a four hour rescue. >>> folks rolled up their sleeves fir fellow brothers and sisters in blue in delaware county. delco blue givesed blood drive. more than 100 people from the community including police officers from every up forblood. jeerman grocery chain aldi is partnering with insta cart to shop at all instacart wi

there were really rooted in the understanding of greek and roman history. they were referred to in the federalist papers. when washington gets a warning madison partisanship, with addressing this in the federalist papers. he talked about how ancient greeks republic -- greek republics were 20 part by the faction. in washington, in particular, understands that when these objective democracy. the english civil war his very much been living. that frame doesn't get the credit it deserves. figure.ascinating understood that these actions could hijack democracy and create a very deadlocked legislature that creates such restoration. the inefficiency and effectiveness of democracy. it could open the door to a demagogue with authoritarian ambitions. washington and the founders were acutely aware of that pattern in human history and they wanted to counteract it as best they could. they need to lead by the strength of their example and setting forth their wisdom. excessive debt was also a major danger, the conservative side of the aisle, and our conservative friends see

a great tradition rooted in classical wisdom taken from the ancient greeks and romans. we've forgotten that as well. political moderation is a source of strength, as the founding fathers understood it. he talked about the importance of paying down debt, fiscal responsibility. taxes are always going to be unpopular, but you need to pay them because it is immoral to pass off debts to another generation. but that some debt could be a good thing to a society. he talked about the importance of religion and morality to a self-governing people. this is the part that reagan always loved to quote. i think it illustrates the way that the disparate messages of the farewell adjusts resonates with different communities. while he was not an orthodox christian, he took grief for not kneeling during prayer. he really understood the importance of religious pluralism and tolerance, and religion in undergirding a self governing society. was very utilitarian. religion was a great way of communicating morality. education. washington was the least educated founded father, and therefore the m

romÁn: difÍcil de creer que una abuela de 86 aÑos haya sido abusada sexualmente en una de las puertasbaron el sospechoso, desde que la siguiÓ hasta que la tiró al suelo para cometer sus fechorÍas. dice el capitÁn de los detectives que no fue peor para la seÑora porqe consiguiÓ levantar una mano y hacerles seÑa a los chÓferes que pasaban en ese instante, con lo cual el sospechoso la dejÓ tirada en el piso y se dio a la fuga. >> es una persona que no merece estar en la calle. terrible, eso es una persona enferma. romÁn:el desagradable instante sucediÓ el 28 de junio en un tranquilo vecindario de la ciudad. ♪ >> algo horrible. romÁn: el maniático sexual ha sido descrito por la policÍa como latino de unos 30 aÑos, de cinco pies, seis pulgadas de estatura, vestia pantalÓn claro y zapatos oscuros. la policÍa cree que el sospechoso vive en el Área y ellos no saben por quÉ hizo una cosa como Ésta. ilia: la prohibiciÓn de la marihuana ha afectado a miles de jÓvenes que son tachados criminalmente y no pueden conseguir una beca de estudio. el senador presentÓ una medida jurÍdica con el fin de le

a roman salute. not a roman salute. you know that. it's a nazi party salute. are you trying to normalize racism? >> yes. i'm trying to normalize racism as you call it. i do not want the alt-right to be a fringe movement. i want the all the rite to be a dominant movement. >> reporter: he even seemed to predict that this extremism would lead to bloodshed. >> of course that's a possibility. i think the current paradigm that we are living under is going to lead to blood and tears, period. >> you're predicting a race war, basically. >> i don't know exactly what's going to happen. but yes, i do think that it will be a crack-up predominantly on racial lines. ♪ >> reporter: yet it was people of all races who marched against spencer and the racism he espouses. this simmering white separatism may have boiled over this weekend, but for this country it is nothing new. helping lead the protests, david duke, the former grand wizard of the ku klux klan. >> we're not anti-black so much as we're pro white. >> reporte

>>> and roman atwood is taking his daughter in for a surgery. >> she was born with what's called puntai. >> follow them in on their journey next. >>> brought to you by -- library break! shhhhhhhh have a break, have a kit kat! >> closed captioning provided by -- here's to the 99%. gold bond powder spray. anytime. anywhere. stay cool, america. >>> you know what a great bit of summer fun is? going into a major city like new york and picking fights with strangers. especially in your name is marek. and you got a bucket of water balloons. >> you provide them with weapons, a fair fight. >> let's have a water balloon fight. >> game on. >> yes! >> i would feel bad if it went on an innocent bystander like grandma trying to get to the other side of the -- >> that's why i like this guy. mare k. tries to cheer people up, tries to bring some happiness to new york. >> and it works, simple water balloons and just the ability and in that moment to just cut loose. be like, no, i don't want to play. >> watching this, everybody just seems to have a blast. >> so cool. we need to let our hair down a little m

. >>> a new woman has come forward to claim she was assaulted by award winning film maker roman polansky. >>> disappointment after a tribe called quest can keled over the weekend. >>> taking a live look at our traffic that has 101 southbound is backed up except for the number one lane. it's moving a bit better. northbound is a lot better. not a whole lot of cars at all. 880 is moving in both direction >>> today a third woman has come forward with claims she was sexually victimized by film maker roman polansky. she said she was sexually victimized by polanski when she was 16. she said she told a friend at the time but not authorities. robin fell she had to come forward. >> not over it. i certainly believe that roman should be held accountable for his criminal conduct with is samant samantha. he fled the country, years have pass and he's famous. that does not excuse his criminal conduct of sexually victimizing minors. >> he's currently living in france but remains wanted in the u.s. he was briefly detained in 2010 in swits land and put under house arrest. >>> a tribe called quest is apolog

so we looked at classical republicanism, primarily roman, greco-roman, but primarily roman. we looked at enlightenment liberalism, primarily british, which included the common law tradition and some older things. then i mentioned protestant christianity as the third of those headwaters that i believe feeds into early american constitutionalism. and we deferred that to today. so that's where we are today. you recall this image of the missouri river and its headwaters. great rivers' main streams have head waters that flow into them and are at some point indistinguishable from one another and the river. these are the headwaters of the missouri river, the gallitan, the madison, and the jefferson rivers, discovered by lewis and clark. and in a graphic way i just tried simply to illustrate those three headwaters. classical republicanism to the left there. enlightenment liberalism. and protestant christianity. that's where we are, looking at protestant christianity. this is a representation of one of those camp meetings during the first great awakening of the sort of mid-18th centu

but in our own backyard i have chicago it is unfortunate for human trafficking also the of book of romans with all the great information that is in their. . . >> i'm sorry we are running late. we have a big television personality. it's magic that he made it. thank you. i appreciate that. we want to thank obviously community college, beautiful space. we really appreciate, they have beenre

i'm christine romans. >> i'm dave briggs. there is a lot of questions after last night's speech, indeed. after months of plan, president trump has unveiled to the nation his new vision for the u.s. war in afghanistan. the longest war. the president breaking from his campaign rhetoric when he promised to pull out of afghanistan, but keeping with the america-first theme, saying the days of nationbuilding are over -- nation-build regular over. the strategy is light on specifics. the president reaffirming he does not want the enemy to know his plans, and a hasty withdrawal like that in iraq is not an option>> the vacuum we created by leaving too soon gave safe haven for isis to spread, to grow, recruit, and launch attacks. we cannot repeat in afghanistan the mistake our leaders made in iraq. >> the with the signaled the u.s. would increase troop levels in afghanistan but offered no numbers. mr. trump also put no end date on america's longest war. how exactly is the path different from the predecessors he criticized? athena jones