had you monic power in the south pacific? because a think tank her pro blinking. people seem to want to say, look, china isn't in with russia. we can use somehow ukraine to cleave russia and china. how do you see it as a former director of intelligence in the u. s. specifically? well, we've watched the chinese and the russian forces operate together since the establishment of the shanghai cooperation organization in 2005, the china and russia just announced a new naval exercise with a full squadron of russian naval assets leading bladder bar stock. so these chinese almost a dozen worships and submarines were out for a week from the chinese side are probably going to be operating with the russian carol arts, i would expect chinese or naval forces to circumnavigate japan. go along and up the side of hon shoe and then come up to the north to operate in the sea of japan, at least at 1st. and then we saw just about 3 weeks ago, russian and chinese fighters and bombers operating again once again together the 5th time this year. and at the end of that exercise, russian b

the solomon islands in the south pacific hosted the deputy secretary of state, wendy sherman, and the us ambassador to australia. caroline kennedy daughter as the late us president john f. kennedy. the state department says the diplomatic visit is to commemorate the battle of guadalcanal in world war 2. but the other agencies traveling with these 2 diplomats are raised question. alright, let's get into the m o me. sovereignty in the world of politics is generally defined and accepted as a nation's supreme right to act independently without outside interference to do that, which it feels best serves its national interest. and that has been the subject of debate over taiwan for hundreds of years from its native population pre dating, written history of the island, to the questionable 300 year rule by the ming dynasty of mainland china. in the 1300s to the stint of dutch colonialism in the 1600s, taiwan sovereignty has been disputed all through history. so when how speaker nancy pelosi chose to make a short stop in taiwan in early august 2022. did she effectively defy beijing's request?

coming up next, this tiny chain of islands in the south pacific is suddenly on everyone's radar. find out next why the solomon islands are being ported by both the united states and china. stay tuned to the em out. we'll be right back. i me the news. when i went to the wrong one old job, don't the world? yes. to see out the thing because the after an engagement equals the trail. when so many find themselves, well the part we choose to look for common ground. ah, wish it was their land to begin with and then it was part of their original reservation. and it was somewhere in the 1920s that they lost oak flat. but it's always been considered sacred to them a but altogether within this resolution copper project area, there are approximately $800.00 archaeological sites that would be destroyed for oh wow. wow, that is right in the heart of where meaning we're culture, where you know would be the same if you fire bomb the vatican thing. i hope that this country recognizes native american ceremonies, cerebral ceremonial grounds sacred sites. because that's where our hardy said we belong

apollo 17 mission to the moon ended december 19, 1972 with the spacecraft splashing down in the south pacific eugene, ronald evans and harrison schmitt were the last man to land on the moon. >> as i stepped off, the first step of apollo 17 to all those who made it possible. >> for only the second time in american history a president was impeached. december 19th, 1998 the house approved two articles of im

apollo 17 mission to the moon ended december 19, 1972 with the space craft splashing down in the south pacificlike to dedicate the first step of apollo 17 to all those who made it possible. >> for only the second time in american history, a president was impeached. on december 19, 1998 the house approved two articles of impeachment against president bill clinton charging them with perjury and obstruction of justice. >> i asked the american people to move with me, to go on from here to rise above the rancor, to overcome the pain and division, to be a repair of the breach, all

apollo 17 mission to the moon ended december 19, 1972 with the spacecraft splashing down in the south pacific. astronauts eugene, ronald evans and harrison schmitt were the last man to land on the moon. >> as i stepped off, the first step of apollo 17 to all those who made it possible. >> for only the second time in american history a president was impeached. december 19th, 1998 the house approved two articles of impeachment against president bill clinton charging him with perjury and obstruction of justice. >> i ask the american people to move with me to go from here to rise above, to overcome the pain and division, to be a repair of the breach. all of us. to make this country as one america, what it can and must be for our children and the new century. thank you very much. [applause] >> and that's a look at what happened this week in history. american history tv has programs on all of these topics in our archives. you can watch them online at c-span.org/history. from time to time here on american history tv, we like to look at what we call history in the news. and one of those historic topi

i've just returned from the south pacific. [background noises] [background noises] i found they are fit concert of the expanding tentacles of communist china with my right honorable friend agree with me more than just a systemic challenge but perhaps in expanding the series geopolitical threat? >> prime minister. >> mr. speaker china is indeed a country with fundamentally different values two hours and a leadership intent on reshaping its national order but actions speak louder than words. that is way past the new national security investment act. just recently we use that act to block the sale and this week with our announcement we ensured china's nuclear energy corporation will no longer be a part of the project with government making sure we protect our country's security. >> the leader of the opposition. [inaudible] >> think it mr. speaker. may join the prime minister and saying well done england. help we can say that next week and the week after. commiseration's to whale who i'm surely back in the world cup tournament bef

we spoke with one man from denver who is now in a holding pattern after his plane to the south pacific never arrived. >> we were aware some of the weather situations across the country, but until you actually walk through the airport and see it on the screen, the cancellations. so we're kind of in limbo at the moment. >> he says he and his wife were heading to tahiti. oakland and san jose airports are reporting just under 50 flight cancellations. >>> as for severe weather elsewhere, in some cases it's bringing things to a standstill. we get the latest from nbc's morgan chesky. >> reporter: this morning a deep arctic freeze crippling much of the country. the swirling powerful storm causing dangerously cold temperatures from the northern plains down to the south. >> it's cold, but when it's negative 20 it's not level. >> reporter: a news anchor in montana with a frigid show and tell, dousing clothes in water that moments later were frozen solid, letting him turn a shirt into a frozen airplane. in chicago and kansas city conditions felt like 30 below zero, with a dangerous wind chill. in

in fiji, in a general election that is being seen as a test of china's bid for influence in the south pacificnimarama, and his fiji first party are facing the people's alliance, led by sitiveni rabuka. ties with china have become closer under mr bainimarama. his rival has indicated that the country could move away from beijing's influence, should he win. for all its recent success, south korea has a dire record on women's rights. it has the worst gender pay gap of any wealthy nation country, and men dominate its boardrooms and politics. but rather than promising to tackle the issue, south korea's new president wants to close its ministry for gender equality, and women fear they could be about to lose their hard—fought gains. our seoul correspondent jean mackenzie's report contains details relating to sexual assault and suicide, which some viewers may find distressing. many women in south korea are angry. the new president here has claimed structural sexism is a thing of the past. but you need only scratch the surface to reveal shocking discrimination. when eunice started herjob as a clerk at

if we go to the south pacific, pretty solid bands of rain around tonga of fiji and then a war to indonesia, malaysia. let's focus on indonesia as island of sumatra. really, that's hop and seen those heavy bursts of rain seen some pretty heavy falls of rain around the philippines. but the bulk of that activity moving off short can join up with this could potentially form into a tropical storm. that's something we're going to watch. and the days ahead, and we're trying to much cooler and fresher air across the yellow river valley junk jo. a high of 5 degrees on sunday. enjoy your weekend. we'll see you soon. take care. ah and counting the cost, the russia oil price count. we look at the impact on russia and the global will lock it. del africa is in the grid at the political crisis. how will it affect the economy? certain cultivation is big business in india, but how much is it called the environment? counting the calls on al just there, unprompted and uninterrupted discussions from our london broadcast center. oh, now to sierra. ah, ah ah. again, you watching out 0, her mind about top storie

most of it in the united states is about the war in europe and some is about pearl harbor and the south pacificut i started thinking about the stories of the war that in the united states we are not as familiar with and that story to me is the part of world war ii between the japanese and british empire so they fight in malaya and burma and try to invade india and it's this moment as a result both of the empires collapsed. i was looking at the stories of women who were caught up in that conflict and ended up in the battlefield on burma so i'm thinking about a korean woman who had been deceived and sent to service japanese soldiers in burma and about a british woman who'd gone to india as an anthropologist and got caught up in the fighting and about a burmese woman who was an intellectual involved in student movements and then in the kind of japanese back to government and an indian girl born in japan and went to fight in the division on the japanese side of the complex. i'm hoping in the same way that i did i can think about these women's lives on all different sides of this very complicated wa

also there's still going to be a lot of competition for implants in the south pacific. foreign minister won't just be turned back from a business to allow. and she is determined to keep on having strategy and influence to capture china. so are those gonna be big challenges? that's why become a party that $13.00 of $55.00 saints in fiji is general election now holds the balance of pelham. the parties led by incumbent prime minister, frank and bonnie marana and opposition laid a sort of any rem booth both have 26 states. they're now trying to work the social democratic liberal party to form a coalition. it's late is says it will make a decision in the coming days. let me once again stress that we fully understand and appreciate the, the challenges that is to decide until the governor over the next 4 years. at least 11 people have been seriously injured during severe turbulence on a flight to hawaii. the wine airlines plane was carrying 278 passengers traveling from arizona. it was about half an hour from honolulu when the turbulent hits. 36 people are being treated from money injuries del

also, there's still going to be a lot of competition for influence in the south pacific for mister bomb, just returned back on a visit to allow. and she is determined to keep on having a strategy and influence the couch china in. so that is going to be big challenges . that's why, i mean, it's all about the national interest, isn't it? i mean, while china's communist government remains constant, the australian, a system of democracy, has seen a change in administration. and so every certain period requires a reset of relations between beijing and cambra. and perhaps that's a difficult concept sometimes for beijing to deal with in a world where democracy is, is, is the potent would yes. so guy la beijing knows that australian foreign policy towards joiner is bailey bipartisan. on the previous, the government of bus morrison, the conservative liberal national coalition and had it's rich, rick been more aggressive towards a china where is that penny? while you like the government about the albany, he's trying to be a bit more about things. well though, a strategy is still firmly opposed to

we spoke with one man from denver whose plane to the south pacific never arrived. >> we're kind of in limbo at the moment. we may go to albuquerque or some other alternate. but at my age, driving across country ain't going to work for christmas. >> he and his wife, they were heading to tahiti to celebrate their wedding anniversary. oakland and san jose airports are both reporting about 60 flight cancellations each. our velena jones is also tracking the flight delays and cancellations. she's going to join us live from oakland international airport at 5:00 with the very latest there. >>> let's bring in our vianey arana. most of the country in this freeze. >> arctic blast. >> but we are very lucky in the bay area. >> we're a little bit warmer in the upper 60s. no snow for us, at least not locally. but we are seeing some air quality concerns and also king tides are going to be dominating this weekend as well. let's get right to that. there is a spare the air alert in place. no wood burning of any sort allowed. especially unhealthy for those sensitive groups, above 100. i talked about thos

and also the issue with the university of south pacific, where there has been political interference and fiji always the university are $80000000.00 for fijian dollars. and this are has an impact on of the university as a, as original tosha education. a number of songs have emerged in iran that doing protests against the death of masa. many police custody in september. the lyrics detail protested demands and some of them have become slogans used during demonstrations. dosage. murray has more frontera. i didn't talk to them. i don't know, but it's your shorter, but this is a clip from the song mouse hole by the rainy wrapper, too much solid heat. the lyrics are derived from slogans chanted during the anti government demonstrations. i said with sela, he went from protesting with his music to actively participating on the streets. he's been arrested on charges of encouraging acts of violence and riot. oh, this is another song. yes, it is been with by well known wrapper hitchcock. near terence, as at the square, the lyrics have been turned into expressive movements. that sum up protester

and also the issue with the university of south pacific, where there has been political interference and fiji always the university are $80000000.00 for fijian dollars. and this are has an impact on of the university as a, as a regional tisha education. oh, let's take here to some breaking is now a major rescue operation is currently under way of the u. k. coast. to save dozens of people on board a small boat. they're said to be of the south east coast in the cold waters and the english channel and to 50 migrants are thought to be on that boat. french rescue services are also said to be taking part in that operation will be bringing more on that as we get moving on now. and course in the bahamas has denied bail to the founder of collapsed crypto currency exchange. f t. x sound bagman freed will remain behind balls until february as he's been declared a flight risk. he was arrested on monday and faces several 4 charges in the u. s. gabriel is under report from you. is a global. he was the face of crypto currency. sam bank min fried a 30 year old rising business star who became so famo

and also the issue with the university of south pacific, where there has been political interference and fiji always the university are $80000000.00 for fijian dollars. and this has an impact on the university as a, as original tush education. and this is a country, and that has seen 4 coups in 35 years. and as we said at the top there, in fact, the 2 candidates are former cool leaders themselves. so is this also going to be a test of fiji is a democracy and the fear of a return to instability? well deemed a fiji has so as had a, you know, since the 2013 constitution which is relatively new. and there has been challenges in adjusting to this new constitution. and if we looked through features history, um having, you know, if he, if we consider the constitution as a supreme law of the land, we were constantly changing it. and so stability itself has been problematic because of the, of, of the constitution. so what's happening at the moment, is rum booker is? is it you can say in a way he is trying to correct um, you know, the glow his or his past in terms of his, his being prime minis

system winding up so it's throwing rain and wind mostly to the south island on friday and for the south pacific right now it's our usual scattering of showers in storms in the sewn next stop indonesia wave of rain is going to brush up against what's java province. so some big downpours and forecasts there on friday. now, for indo china, we'll see most of that energy has come further toward the south, but this could cook up into something tropical. just east of the philippines. we'll keep our eye on that temperature is coming up across china. we've got this steady stream of rain for northern taiwan and in japan. more snow for that western side of hoko island on friday. see you later. the 2 in co cater culture of knowledge, openness and pluralism worldwide, and to reward merit and excellence and encourage creativity. the shake him out, award for translation and international understanding was founded to promote translation and honor translators, and acknowledged their role and strengthening the bonds of friendship. and co operation between arab islamic and world coaches o a tough storage and unde

as for pop, you getting that these are the 2 biggest elevation countries in south pacific. and i have for a very long time and across all the parties are considered that they don't want to be drawn into this cold will politics. and they want to be able to have relationships with old potential development partners. while the prep, the prime minister has stated that the u. s. is not a key partner of his country. what is papa? you get is fans on how you as influence, how us influences the region. i mean, us influence in this part of the pacific is largely through its proxies or sometimes called deputy sheriffs, lieutenants, australia, new zealand, australia, new zealand have exercised a lot of influence in the region, particularly through the pacific, all in form which they dominate, but also through the programs that they have to effectively smooth the pathways for investment in the very rich resources of the pacific allan countries. so the u. s. it's true, they're not directly involved, but rather they use a straight or new zealand as proxies. ok, well what? well, in the reg

and also the issue with the university of south pacific, where there has been political interference and fiji always the university are $80000000.00 for fijian dollars and this are has an impact on of the university as a, as a regional tush education. you as president joe biden has signed into law protections for same sex marriage. it's been a right since the landmarks supreme court decision in 2015 for the new or provide safeguards. if the now conservative meeting court to reverse is the routing, it includes legalizing same sex unions and protecting interracial marriages. the supreme court overturned to ruling on abortion in june, lobby. dad, i don't to hate his love this law and the love it to fans, strike a blow against, hey, in all its forms. and that's why this law matters to every single american. no matter who you are or who you love the shouldn't be about conservative or liberal. red or blue. a court in france has jailed 8 people for their roles in the attack in the southern city of niece. in 201686 people were killed and hundreds injured. when a truck drove through crowds, c

trailer and timing of all of this because i also notice that penny wong is just fresh out of the south pacific as well. she's been on a tour of nations there and relations with china and that part of the well, they've also been fairly controversial in some cases they've led to violent riots to what you make of the timing here. i think it's quite interesting timing in the australian context, and as you say, literally last week minutes, the wong was with the pots, the delegation in 3 different pacific countries. you know, this time of year tends to be quite quiet in the australian context in terms of media in common trade. so i think that is significant in terms of how the out beneath the government wants this to be portrayed. so yes, it's significant. but even before she left, that one was quite careful to be closing down any great expectations that everything was going to happen at once. she's made it very clear that she said this is something of a process and certainly, well, i mean, i don't know the issues in the pacific were discuss when she met with accounts in beijing, but certainly a lot

the solomon islands in the south pacific hosted the deputy secretary of state, wendy sherman, and the us ambassador to australia, caroline kennedy, the daughter of the late us president john f. kennedy state department says this diplomatic visit is to commemorate the battle of guadalcanal in world war 2. but the other agencies traveling with these 2 diplomats are raising questions. all right, let's get into the ammo me sovereignty in the world of politics is generally defined and accepted as a nation's supreme right to act independently without outside interference to do that, which it feels best serves its national interest. and that has been the subject of debate over taiwan for hundreds of years from its native population predating written history of the island to the questionable 300 a year ruled by the ming dynasty of mainland china. in the 1300s to the stint of dutch colonialism in the 1600s, taiwan sovereignty has been disputed all through history. so when how speaker nancy pelosi chose to make a short stop in taiwan in early august 2022. did she effectively defy beijing's requ

power in a coup in 2006, and this thing's been be elected twice. fiji is an island nation in the south pacific with china and the u. s. competing for influence because of his prime minister alvin cour. t has signed an application to join the european union. the process is likely to take years and depends on normalizing relations with neighboring serbia, which apply for membership more than 20 years ago. recent protested by the serbian minority and cause of us led to classes with police just in on helping us president joe biden assigned to the bill, granting federal protection to same sex marriages. they've been legal center supreme court decision in 2015 the new bill. immensely protection rights at the federal level. in the latest films upon the central united states with heavy snow and freezing rain in the northern states and tornadoes in the south, dozens of flights were cancelled and hundreds delayed while many roads were closed . whether experts, temperatures could drop to minus 29 degrees celsius and more than 120 people are now known to have been killed by floods, landslides, in a democr

and also the issue with the university of south pacific, where there has been political interference and fiji always the university are $80000000.00 for fijian dollars. and this has an impact on of the university as a, as a regional tush education. us president joe biden is signed into law protections for same sex marriage. it's been a right since a landlocked supreme court decision in 2015. but the new law provides safeguards if the now conservative leave in court with versus the ruling includes legalizing same sex unions and protecting interracial marriages. the supreme court overturned the ruling on abortion june caller. the origins siena have booked their spots in the fif. oh, well cup final messy, let his country 2 or 3 new semi final victory over creation is or who pathic cutter waterfront to get with more. we have our 1st cuts are 2022 finalists argentina, the south american side, east pass code ship the book fair tickets to the well comp show pace were large and tina awarded a penalty in the 34 minutes when julian albert, it was brought down little messy scoring from the arti

and also the issue with the university of south pacific, where the hell has been political interference and fiji always the university are $80000000.00 for fijian dollars. and this are has an impact on of the university as a, as a regional tish education. the united nation says iran is stepping up deportations of afghan children who have left their homes to find whack hundreds are dropped off at the board and harass in western afghanistan every month. the di economic situation is pushing even more to leave as stephanie decker reports. many of these afghans have been through really tough times. large number of miners among those returning from iran, mugosa who circle marsh among the children. the registered re dos are from ages 10 to 17. sometimes we get children aged to 8 or 9 as well, but not too many, helena and other well, they left their homes in afghanistan to find work across the border. some had been to portrait because they don't have permits, and others simply decided to come back. oh, wow, horse another only a 100 years ago. everyone has their own problems, so i can't tell the

the solomon islands in the south pacific hosted the deputy secretary of state, wendy sherman, and the u. s. ambassador to australia, caroline kennedy daughter at the late he was president john f kennedy. the state department says this diplomatic visit is to commemorate the battle of guadalcanal in world war 2. but the other agencies traveling with these 2 diplomats are raising question. all right, let's get into the em up me. sovereignty in the world of politics is generally defined and accepted as a nation's supreme right to act independently without outside interference to do that, which it feels best serves its national interest. and that has been the subject of debate over time.

contest between two former military strongmen, sit—iveni rabuka lead two military coups in the south pacificinister the 19905, to serve as prime minister the 1990s, as rival in this election is frank bainimarama, former navy commodore, who seized power in fiji in 2006. over the years he gradually restore democracy, winning elections in 2014 and 2018 but his defeat this week brings to an end 16 years in powerfor mr binding brahma, neither of these two men managed to win and outright majority at the ballot box, so in the end it came down to a small party that has decided to support sitiveni rabuka, his coalition government is promising greater freedoms for fijians, and also a more inclusive style of government in a country with a sizeable ethnic indian community. the peaceful transfer of power will be a test for fiji's democracy, it has been fragile in the past, of course fiji is a country with a history of armed coups. phil mercer, bbc news, sydney. this is bbc news, the headlines: travel chaos in some parts of north america as frigid temperatures ground planes and turn roads into death traps

some of it is about pearl harbor and the war in the south pacific. i started thinking about stories of that war that we in the united states are not as familiar with. and that story that is between the japanese and the british empire. the japanese fight in malaya and in burma. and they tried to invade india. it is this moment as a result of that were both the great empires and east asia collapse. i was looking at the stories of women who are caught up in that conflict on both sides who ended up on the battlefields in burma. i was thinking about a korean woman was a comfort woman who had been deceived and sent to service japanese soldiers in burma. about a british women who had gone to india as an amateur anthropologist and got caught up in the fighting. about bernice woman who was an intellectual who was involved in student movements. and then in the japanese back scrubber and turned against the japanese. and also a an indian girl was born in japan to indian nationalist parents and want to fight in the women's division of the indian national army on

and the apollo 17 mission to the moon ended on december 19th of 1972, spacecraft/and out of the south pacific ocean messaging survey and ronald evans and harrison schmidt glassman filling the moon. >> is i step off. [inaudible]. i would like to dedicate the first step of apollo 17, and you made it possible. >> for holding the second time in american history, president was impeach i summer 19, 1998, that's approved two articles of impeachment against president bill clinton charging him with perjury and obstruction of justice. >> asking american people, to move with me anyone from here to rise above and overcome the pain in the division and to be a repair or the region all of us, to make this country has one america, you can and must be for our children and century about to dawn and thank you very much. [applause] [applause] >> and that is a look at whatever this week in history, american history tv, has programs on all of these topics in our archives and you can watch them online at cspan.org/history. >> american history tv is on social media, follow us at cbn history. >> in early 1938, while

griff: he's over the south pacific right now and tony told me the time on target for the u.s.s between 9:00 p.m. and midnight, but kids have to be in bed by 9:00 p.m. or else it's going to screw up the whole schedule. carly: very important news breaking detail. gibbs when you call in you'll get tony or someone else. to the best of my recollection. contribution 46 car pileup in ohio and three dead in that crash as the storm claims at least 12 lives across the nation. bringing frigid temperatures and hurricane-force winds. todd: snowpocolypse putting 1 million customers without power and parts of the midwest recording temperatures even colder than mars and arctic sea smoke from lake michigan pushing into chicago as air temperature hovers around zero. griff: and the travel chaos continues with 7,000 flights delayed today 3,000 canceled and cold air expected to last into next week. fox weather correspondent robert rayon the ground in georgia where the temperature is a frigid seven degrees, robert. seven? reporter: seven, guys. merry christmas from alfaretta, georgia, here in the m

the spacecraft splashdown in the south pacific. esther not jean astronauts gene cernan, ron evans, and jack scmitt were the last men to go to the moon. >> to all those who made it possible. >> for only the second time in american history, a president was impeached. on the summer nineteenth 1998 the house approved two articles of impeachment against president bill clinton charging with perjury and obstruction of justice. >> i asked the american people to move with me, to rise above the rancor. to overcome the pain and division, to be a repairer. to make the country as one america what it can and must be in the new century about to don. thank you very much. [applause] >> that a look at what happened this week in history. american history tv has programs on all of these topics in our archives. you can watch them online, c-span.org/history. >> you have been watching american history tv. every saturday on c-span2, visit the people and places that tell the american story and watch thousands of historical stories online anytime, c-span.or

apollo 17 mission to the moon ended on december 19 , 72 with a space craft for splashing down the south pacific. astronauts eugene, ronald, and harrison were the last men to land on the moon. >> as i step off, i'd like to dedicate the first step of apollo 17 to all of those who made it possible. >> for only the second time in american history, our president was impeached on december 19 , 98000 proved to articles of impeachment against president bill clinton charging him with perjury and obstruction of justice. >> i asked the american people to move with me. to go on from here, to rise above the rancor. to overcome the pain and division. to be a repairer of the breach, all of us. to make this country as one america what it can and must be for our children on the new century about to dawn. thank you very much. [applause] >> as a look at what happened this week at history. american history tv has programs in all of these topics in archives but watch them online at c-span.org/history. ♪ weekends on cspan2 are an intellectual feast. every saturday american history tv documents america's story and on

apollo 17 mission to the moon ended on december 19 , 72 with the spacecraft splashing down the south pacific. ronald evans and harrison schmidt for the last mentioned land on the moon. >> i'd like to dedicate the first steps of apollo 17 to all of those who made it possible. >> for only the second time in american history, president was impeached on december 19 , 98 the house approved president bill clinton charging him with perjury and obstruction of justice. >> i ask the american people to move with me. to go on from here to rise above the rancor. to overcome the pain and division. to be a repairer of the breach, all of us, to make this country as one america what it can and must be for our children and the new century about to dawn. thank you very much. [applause] american history tv has programs on the archives we can watch them online at c-span.org/three. ♪ ♪ ♪