some of these were in the soviet sphere and eastern bloc and within soviet control. in his veto message of the second bill, truman rejected mccarron's position that the united states needed to protect itself against being "flooded by immigrants from eastern europe. " truman wrote, "the countries of eastern europe have fallen under the communist yoke. nobody passes their borders at the risk of his life." in his view, immigrants from these countries sought a life free from soviet rule. that is truman's view. in a 1950 however, my current lawccarron's bill became over truman's veto. one of mccarthy's victims was john paton davies, an american diplomat who was dismissed from foreign service in 1954, following accusations but mccarthy that davies and others had lost china to the communist in a 1949. communism had swept over china in 1949. davies was a decorated world war ii hero and one of several china hands targeted during mcafee's -- mccarthy's attacks. another of mccarthy's victims was another foreign service officer named jon stewart service. service had been connect

they broke into the soviet code which appear to reveal the existence of soviet as manoj in tiananmen had an project -- soviet espionage in washington dc. the transcripts contain references to codenames and some believed the codename ales was code for alger hiss. atchison found himself a target himself. this after rallying to his defense. his and had known alger his brother, donald, for years. donald hiss was a law partner. friend.47, and a close atchison was truman's secretary of state and he refused to condemn alger hiss, publicly saying that they had remained friends. drafted into the controversy by calling the case a "red herring" which contributed to a tax upon himself and his administration, kind of and interesting, fun cartoon here. turn my backend to on alger hiss, i did not intend m to turn my back on dean asked to sign. dean -- dean acheson. his950, just days after hissction for perjury -- 'conviction, a british scientist named clouse was arrested for passing atomic secrets to the soviets while working in the thealamos area during manhattan project. ss had top-secret materia

they broke into this soviet code which appeared to reveal the existence of soviet espionage in washington dc as well as the manhattan product -- project that developed the atomic bomb. some believe the term ales was code for alger hess. atchison found himself also a target. atchison had known alger hess and his brother donald for years. donald had been a law partner of his since 1947. atchison was truman's secretary of state and he refused to condemn alger hess publicly saying that they remained friends. harry truman allowed himself to get dragged into the case controversy bike calling the case a red herring. which contributed to attacks upon himself and his administration. atchison will remain on the job as long as truman was in the white house. that shows the loyalty in the truman administration. in 1950, just days after his conviction for perjury, a british scientist named clouse fuchs was arrested for passing atomic secrets to the soviets while working in the theoretical division at los alamos during the manhattan project. fuchs that had access to top- secret material much of which he

the soviet -- the manhattan project. in 1946, a file clerk in the soviet embassy in canada defected and provided documented evidence the soviets had spied on atomic research in canada and the united states. this evidence possibly pointed to a state department official as a soviet spy. the faris on the right, right there on the screen. he was present during president germans addressed to the united nation in 1945. ger case of outer hits -- al --s in august 1948, the testimony ,efore the house before huac whittaker chambers, an editor at the time accused hiss of being a member of a communist cell with influence on the policy of the truman administration. hiss charged chambers with slander resulting in chambers producing documents that he claimed hiss had smuggled out of the state department to give to the soviets in the 1930's. after two widely publicized trials, hiss was convicted of perjury. his went to jail for 44 months wentse on to trail -- hiss to jail for 44 months. added to the scorn was his presence in 1945 which

soviets. and he did get the message that we had broken their system and they stopped using that system. and angie was suspicious of him. her supervisor warned him to cover her work whenever he came by and she did. she was very effective. so the soviets realized they that we wereze breaking the system. but we still had all their messages from world war ii with these names in them. and we went back and back and back over decades, working with the fbi to uncover more names in the messages. so even the soviets -- even though the soviets stopped using that system, we were still able to mind that trove. and again, it took decades. host: and because of the secrecy, it was sometimes hard for americans to use this information. in your article you mentioned prosecutions were difficult. it was so sensitive that was withheld as evidence, but sometimes the fbi could produce corroborating information to disguise where the data had originated. this set the pattern for two years of investigations and prosecut

the soviet union, as well as china and tibet. so it is not just the soviet union that he is flying over, but other countries as needed. there are some 24 pilots in the first batch of pilots recruited. they are stationed around the former soviet union. some in japan, some in the uk, some in turkey, some back home in the united states. after four and half years of missions, my father has flown 27 successful missions. at this time, he is one of the most experienced pilots, the most hours in the aircraft. he is selected to fly the may 1 mission. this mission will fly across the entire width of the former soviet union, from pakistan, to norway, above the arctic circle. it is approximately a nine hour flight. some 2400 miles. my father is selected to do this mission. he wakes up early, puts on his flight suit. looks at the orders and the targets. he is authorized to go. he takes off at about 6:00 a.m. he crosses over the former soviet union's border at approximately 68,000 feet. he starts to flip on and off the camera switches that wil

to cut it off from the soviet union would strike a big blow indeed. for most of the soviet union the second world war was about fighting the invaders of the land. but it wasn't quite so simple for ukraine the truth is ukraine has never been a united country. when world war two broke out a large part of western ukraine's population welcomed the german soldiers as liberators from the recently forced upon them soviet rule and openly collaborated with the germans. the real scale of collaboration was not announced for many years after the war but we now know that whole divisions and battalions were formed by ukrainian collaborators such as s.s. c. and not to go and roll into battalions. just in the beginning of the war more than eighty thousand people from college cina region voluntarily enrolled into division s.s. galad seen in a month and a half notorious for their extreme cruelty towards the polish jewish and russian people on the territory of ukraine. members of these military groups came mostly from the organization of ukrainian nationalists b o un fo

nationalists gave up on their former ally and began fighting equally against the germans and the soviet forces. in january nine hundred forty three u.s.s.r. troops started pushing the nazis back liberating one part of ukraine after another . western ukraine was the last ukrainian region held by the germans finally being liberated in october of one nine hundred forty four. bands continue to wage their guerrilla war against the soviet regime carrying out bloody raids on ukrainian villages and towns and leaving behind chaos and casualties. this war went on until the middle of the one nine hundred fifty s. when the last collaborators were either detained or fled the country. on may seventh one thousand nine hundred forty five germany unconditionally surrendered to the allies ukraine remained a part of the soviet union. the peace after the second world war was short lived. the united states and the soviet union nations who allied together along with england to defeat the nazis tragically became foes as the cold war began. i've been saying the numbers mean something they matter the u.s. has o

the soviet system that revealed soviets spying during the war. this was one of the most successful crypto analytics excesses in u.s. history -- crypto analytic successes in u.s. history. host: we are talking to liza mundy. if you want to join this conversation, if you are in the eastern and central time zones, call 202-748-8000. mountain and pacific time zone, 202-748-8001. you can always reach us on social media, on twitter and on facebook. you've said that a lot of these women who worked on the project never got married. did their families know what they were doing? >> no. their families always wondered. i interviewed a woman who was one of the last living members of this original team. she is 100 years old now. they were always the glamorous aunt and their families. -- in their families. their families were dying to know what they did. theyomen never cracked, would never tell their families what they were doing. it was very difficult to get these women to yield up any secrets. host: were these women part of the washington social circle? guest:

something of a throwback to soviet days.he spending of money on entertainment could be frowned upon, and privacy was at a premium. trout wrapped, and baked in lavash. this is not light cooking. >> serj: there's certain things about especially the last maybe 20, 30 years of the soviet union, '60s on, not the brutal early bolshevik stalinist times, but later on where in terms of investment in culture and education. >> pegor: well, i mean it's very much a legacy of the soviet union. armenia was kind of a nerd republic in a way. and then you specialize the different republics, and armenia was where they concentrated science, technology, particle accelerator, radio, telescope, all of that. and so we've benefited from that and you see a lot of armenians attributing that to our genes, and so on. but of course our genes are the same as anyone else's, it's the culture that's, you know, you take the good with the bad, and the good is we're a cerebral nation in a way. that's how we grew up. we like chess, we're nerds. ♪ ♪ >> anthony: a

i had decided to resign my duties as president of the soviet union. even.

to fight against the soviet regime and. the pope leaves lithuania for a lot thea and estonia fewer catholics live there but the pope hopes his message to remember will still resonate. and for more on the pope's style of the baltics correspondent constantine fun agathe now joins us from of illness so constantine the pope called on people to keep a watchful eye on them but was he aiming his comments beyond just the baltic states well his general message it is was anti-nationalism. exclusivism if you wish so i think that yes this was very much a global message that he repeats very frequently especially since the. major my group crisis swept europe in two thousand and sixteen and he repeated it here in this one year thing is that ethnic minorities in lithuania are rather posed to be able russians ukrainians basically it's not very combustible stop talking about tensions but generally the message was very clear and of course it was intended for a wider audience than just the baltic countries so global message but very targeted v

for our final story we head to the soviet union in 1985. effects of alcoholism the communist authorities brought down restrictions on the sale of alcohol. however within a few years the soviet economy had begun to fall apart. and so had the alcohol ban. witness talks to alexander sutko, a former communist advisor. there used to be just one image of the soviet worker and this was it. young, efficient and above all sober. but now there is another. 0ther sleep and halfway to dipsomania. translation: a quarter of all workers would have a glass of vodka before going to work. this was widespread among our working class. the russians call alcohol the green snake and opening time the hour of the wolf. but the two together and the results can be disastrous. translation: i saw clearly that in a country where a quarter of all workers are alcoholics this country survives by killing its own people. that was very clear to me. the state makes billions in alcohol tax as the state has ordered its people to sober up. translation: as someone who spoke to gorb

head to russia for a story about the soviet union's effo rts a story about the soviet union's effortsout the murder of anti—apartheid campaigner steve biko, and hearfrom a former prisoner of war who build the bridge over the river choir at the bridge over the river choir at the end of the second world war. but we start with an individual who created one of the world's most widely used fitness programmes, catch to five k. in 1996 to get over a bad relationship break—upjudge clark started running. after a few weeks having caught the bug decided to create a plan to help get other people running and he put it on his website. little did he know where it would take him. i had never had particular success with this. i a lwa ys particular success with this. i always thought it was for someone else, but when i would go to a gym 01’ else, but when i would go to a gym or try running, i was met with defeat. i guess that is not for me, iam not defeat. i guess that is not for me, i am not that kind of person. in my early 20s i had a bad break—up and in that moment i have a lot of excess energy and

there was sports grounds and clubs for popular soviet games like chess and checkers. sports and activities are still a big part of park life. but after a huge revamp in two thousand and eleven the park has also become the symbol of a transformed modern moscow. it was part of the soviet vision for a city of the future and ninety years later gorky park is still the park of the beautiful. free space more place that's the theme of this year's architecture be an oblate in venice the german people again thanks to tear down walls. and a young chinese architect aims to revive rural villages. space and respect. our special on the. next d w. european stars deliver roles in performance or. risk shaped us on britain's temperamental judas priest. the prophets of money just now the. insane from smitten. good insults in the midst of the lead. earth. home to millions of species a home worth saving. as much as those are big changes and most start with small steps global ideas tell stories of creative people and innovative projects around the world like to use the term the climate goes

it was part of the soviet vision for a city of the future and ninety years later gorky park is still the park of the people. at the cricket. denise's comes to economic system is at risk industrial pollution and overfishing are threatening people's livelihoods. an initiative is trying to save the fish stocks and revitalize the region. the people there the project will put a stop trying the chaos in the fishing sector ego and to africa next on d w. one that. european stars deliver rousing performance or. good. his voice is just so full and. poison mixes music with poetry. it's. closer to forty five. stories that people world over information. means they want to express g.w. on facebook and twitter today in touch. time for an upgrade. our furniture that grows by. our house with. poor design highlights you can make yourself. in steps in tricks that will turn your home a special. upgrade yourself with d. w.'s interior design channel on you tube. welcome to this edition of africa then vironment soul magazine show it's car produced by deutsche welle in germany channels t.v. and i dearie out

soviets took it to a higher degree. you should read the two books about how ex tenlsitensive it w global level. it has been, as my colleagues said, derived to take advantage of the new opportunities and technologies that are out there. all of those activities in the soviet period, going back to the 1920s, were coordinated by what came to be known as the kgb and so on in earlier periods. themselves are the guys that taught putin his business, as well as putin. they ran those ops. they taught putin and his generation how to do it. and then that legacy has been brought back, or never left. so as i said, these measures, necessary acted measures and information warfare a ubiquitous and all over. moreover, we see stuff like this happening in estonia in 2007, georgia 2008 and there's a lot of evidence we see the kind of networks built in the united states and europe beginning not in 2004 with the invasion of crimea but in 2012, when putin comes back to be president and after the riots in moscow, and when he realizes that -- or

the soviet system simply collapsed.eople lost theirjobs. at least there was some restraint on him in the workplace. more and the alcoholic had nothing holding him back. gorbachev didn't understand that. that is all from witness this month here at the british library. of extraordinary moments in history. but now, from me and the rest of the witness team, goodbye. very good morning. the weather for delivering an autumn chill. chill. self, a bit more cloud than there was this time yesterday. was this time yesterday. through the rest of today, a cooler feel and a brisk breeze. feel and a brisk breeze. sunshine, some showers of fact north—western areas. north—western areas. feed of cold air coming from a long way north. way north. this time of year will never be anything other than rather chilly. anything other than rather chilly. the satellite picture shows extra cloud. a weather front in eastern england. a band of solid cloud here. brightness to be had in the south—east. south—east. let's have a closer look at the forecast

the soviets called at e time their actions active measures. they included disinformation, forgery campaigns, target assassinations against defectors. you see all of that right now. using different technology, social media. what the u.s. has been displayed a defensive, not an offensive role. that iwhat we are missing. jane: seth jones, thanks for joining me. it is known as television's they big night, and the fars were out ce for the emmy awards. "game of thrones" took home top prizes, but there were surprises including a marriage proposal. from los angeles, james cook reports. >> ladies and gentlemen, checking every box, the one of each dancers. james: the show began by satirizing the many scandals of showbiz. >> hello? oh, we did not solve it. i see. james: the nominees were more diverse than ever, but most big winners were still white. >> claire foy, "the crown." james: this is her first emmy. claire: i had the most extraordinary years of my life. i'm not going to cry on this program.le i was given a never thought i would get a chance to pla

those of us alive back then remember when there were soviet missiles put into cuba how frightened americans were how angry and how we almost went to a nuclear confrontation over having weapons of that kind of destruction placed that close to the united states. just fifty united states considers cuba to be in its backyard. then crimea lays at russia's doorstep. the consequences over u.s. seizure of the base or a nato base which in general. but almost some of us in being. taught me to. put you on with that. not just but with practical. yes no opinion it's. just enough to use russian to support it with. nobody in your system that a strong leader i'm not. so it. was a piece of the school board. just i'm a part of what i get there but in no way but. they're both saying no doubt on the phone sex amongst the with me susie if it's to make. the national system. unless i'm. supposed to in the beginning if we act we would sort of the response. to me because you knew seemed up and you know you've been introduced but you know and i guess those. years that you play in the in the lead you disappear you kn

a consideration of what guarantees a soviet union when guarantee that the soviet union would not participate. the other key initiative was that the nation wished to receive aid would get together collectively and work out what they needed and request it. the mechanism insured it was both employed but labor groundwork for a far greater integration of the economies of western europe and ultimately, probably, the political integration. president truman signed the marshall plan bill on april 3, 1948. before the -- for the first four years, the plan was in effect and the united states provided some $17 billion of aid, equivalent to $193 billion in $2017. 2017 dollars. to put that in context, the gdb in the u.s. was only 258 billion. interesting statistic really -- rarely mentioned is that between the end of world war ii and the beginning of the marshall plan aid, the u.s. gave in direct aid another 17 billion. the marshall plan that primed the pump of those european economies is far more with a similar amount of money. the hard economics of the marshall plan, and indeed its overall thrust was obv

what reagan didn't take into consideration was the paranoid overreaction of the soviets. a recently declassified us intelligence report shows that for the first time since the cuban missile crisis the world was that close to nuclear war. just like in one thousand nine hundred three the malaysian boeing crash was leveraged against the enemy. a new wave of sanctions hit russia mediately after the tragedy for duty ensuring and preserving the health and vitality of human civilization. ministry is police forces and city administrations of many countries depend on one corporation and that's why i was hoping when the board got from that was god i'm stumped misbegotten was going to go to the top and would there that got on into the sea at the bottom of the bible and proprietary software you don't know the source code isn't that a such a security risk when you have a black box operating in the public eye to microsoft dependency puts governments under a cyber threat and not only that you can cough medicine a book to get more than that store because office of the assistant is a self

twenty s that one hundred thousand people were on hand as friends honor those who suffered under the soviets and the nazis also coming up the fate of germany's embattled don't investigate intelligence chief who threatens to bring the german government to a standstill book pressure to resolve the impasse proved too much for chancellor merkel and her country's frontal governing coalition. and in the bundesliga they go away fans were in a parking lot in guys who cares and it might have been miles from bulgaria the bonfire munich celebrated the start of october fest with a constable with ethel the shotgun will take a look at the best of the action and. thanks for joining us i'm mary and i haven't seen. pope francis has paid tribute to lithuanians who suffered during the country's soviet and nazi occupation he laid a wreath of the monument of the illness ghetto where the country is jewish population was almost wiped out under the nazis francis is on a tour of the baltic states as lithuania latvia and estonia march a century since winning independence from russia after world war one. at a mass ear

to fight against the soviet regime and. the pope leaves lithuania for a lot and estonia fewer catholics live there but the pope hopes his message to remember will still resonate. so far on this style pope francis has had little or nothing regarding the catholic church sex abuse scandal here in germany though the influential spiegel magazine has published an extensive report titled the house shalt not bear false witness now he details the pope's alleged gross mishandling of abuse cases and we spoke with correspondent constantine fun agates in vilnius about whether the pope's baltic trip has diverted attention from the ongoing scandal i think of for the pope it's rather like indication from this scandal it did not attract a lot of attention in the baltic states until it's ready which is a seventy five percent catholic because the catholic church is the usual recreate its yeah after the soviet union withdrew twenty five fell a bit more years ago so there is much less history of that history with the catholic church institution

and russia stages its biggest war game since the soviet era moscow says the joint military exercises with china a purely defensive but nato uses russia preparing for war. i'm sure gail welcome to the program hungary's prime minister is of the european parliament in strasburg defending his populist government ahead of a vote to impose sanctions against it for it to accuse the european parliament of blackmailing his country brits immigration policies and describe the report detailing breaches of the rule of law as an insult there are also concerns about the independence of hungary's courts and the rise of corruption the parliament votes tomorrow if they decide in favor of sanctions hungary could lose a few voting rights. to bases been going on of the e.u. second home in strasburg where we find detail view europe correspondent that's often welcome max how has victor all back defended his government's actions. you already touched on some of the main points there phil he wouldn't have any of it he flatly rejected what was written or what is written in that report in fact even the big guns

for the former soviet citizens moscow is their city it doesn't feel like a foreign country to them. russia. in the u.s.s.r. you just had one passport i think regardless of what a catholic group you belong to the knows. everyone was the same one the theater these days you're always told. we only employ our own citizens. the governor sheena said similar in kyrgyzstan's it's like that everywhere people don't like it. but it's. more than twenty million people live in greater moscow the tough reality is tangible in order to regulate the labor market and migration an extra hurdle has been created for foreigners employers have to pay eight hundred euros in fees for every guest worker as a result migrants are now no longer officially employed illegal job market is flourishing and with it exploitation the migrants are vulnerable because they're desperate to earn money. and. it's no secret that a single migrant working here in russia can take care of up to three families back home. i knew i had to do with my ph d. by the money that. they need every cent and your odds are that's how they end u

francis has paid tribute to lithuania and who suffered during the country's soviet occupations he laid a wreath at the morning meant of the vilnius ghetto where the country's jewish population was almost wiped out under the nazis francis is on a tour of the baltic states as lethal india via and asone a mark a century since winning independence from russia after world war one. and at a last earlier today francis urged residents of the baltics to draw on their past experiences to stand up for tolerance in europe. piccoli. smallest the poorest in our midst whom we should welcome a hundred years after our independence who is it that has nothing to give us to make our effort and our sacrifice is worthwhile perhaps it is the ethnic minorities in our city or the jobless who have to immigrate maybe it is the elderly and the lonely are those young people who fly no meaning in life because they have lost their roots. and for more on the pope's story of the baltics correspondent constantine for an airgun now joins us from vilnius so constantine the pope called on people to keep a watchful eye on

when lithuania was taken over by the soviet union elie became a soviet citizen she called herself a leech here and learned to speak lithuanian concealing her german origins as best she could her first husband was a drinker and peter he died young. they did anything. even more to talk about how hard it all was. everything was so hot. adding to the hardship or the strained relations between the old german population and the new russian settlers the northern half of east prussia was a soviet military zone off limits to nonresidents. it remains a russian exclave today the remnants of its german past were suppressed. by the time ellie moved back to the area with uses on the one nine hundred sixty s. its one time capital koenig's bag had been renamed cullinan grad many of the original inhabitants were labeled fascists and were even barred from higher education. ellie learned to keep her past a secret and i doubt her sisters had made it to east germany but she never did have been remained in the mine i never told anyone even in my and i always said i was little when ian you know. it was that. yo

to fight against the soviet regime and. the pope leaves lithuania for a lot fear and a stony. fewer catholics live there but the pope hopes his message to remember will still resonate. that's now look at some of the other stories making news around the world the main opposition candidate in the maldives abraham mohammed is claiming victory in the country's presidential election local media said official results showed he had scored an upset win over president of. his first term in office was marred by a crackdown against dissenters. indian prime minister narendra modi has launched a new health insurance scheme that promises free coverage for half a billion of the country's poorest citizens the launch of the so-called more dickhead program comes ahead of national elections next year critics have questioned how the government will fund the one point six billion dollars scheme. and a stray and filmmaker who was jailed in cambodia on espionage charges has arrived back in sydney sixty nine year old james ricketts son was granted a royal pardon last week and deported after his relea

pope francis has paid tribute to lithuanians who suffered during soviet and nazi occupations this in a mass viewed by tens of thousands in the south central part of the country it's the first stone on a four day tour of the baltic states the pope is urging residents of all three nations to draw on their past experience with explore the pression to speak up for tolerance in europe. a warm welcome on the streets of illness. a greeting that comes with the shadow of recent sex abuse scandals in the catholic church looming large but pope francis has traveled to lithuania to deliver a different message one of solidarity at a time when europe's migration crisis and the rise of populist governments is highlighting deep differences in the e.u. . the. more and more voices are sowing division and confrontation often by exploiting insecurity or situations of conflict and proclaiming that the only way possible to guarantee security and the continued existence of a culture is to try to eliminate council or expel others here lithuanians have a role to play by instead welcoming differences through d

the soviets took us to a higher degree. read the two books can you see just how extensive this was on a global level and it has been as my colleagues have said, revived in order to take advantage of the new opportunities in technologies that are out there. all those activities in the soviet period, going back to 1920 were coordinated by what came to be known as the kgb, earlier times. these are the guys who taught putin his business as well as putin. they ran those ops. they taught putin and his generation how to do it. and then that legacy has been brought back, or never left. so as i said these measures come exacted measured in warfare are ubiquitous, all over. moreover, we see stuff like this happen in estonia and 2007. georgia 2008, and there's a lot of evidence we see the kinds of networks that of an built in the united states and europe beginning not in 2014 with invasion of crimea but in 2012 when putin comes back to the president and after a rise in moscow. and when he realizes or he decides that the united states i

i have decided to resign my duties as president of the soviet union. he continues to fight for world peace with a reminder by the united should we have to comprehend when face is taken us today there is a new arms race. arrow of time gorbachev and the opportunity for peace when steve starts october third on a d w. this is deja vu news live from berlin two versions of our shared past such as already altered their futures for ever christine blasi forward and the trauma she says is also her life brett kavanaugh from the fines in the face of accusations standing between him and a seat on america's highest court. got before with what degree of certainty do you believe brett kavanaugh assault. one hundred percent one hundred percent. i am innocent of this charge.

never green he says i've been shaped by the soviet era he's a democrat as an opposition mentality. and she's worried her sons now thirty one but in terms of capital is russia is going to have a tough time without money alexei leaves moscow and heads for darkest arm the russian republic on the caspian sea it's one of the areas he visits most frequently in the fight against exploitation. with a population of just three million and an unemployment rate of more than fifteen percent doug stern has one of the smallest and weakest economies in the russian federation. on paper the republic is independent as regards domestic policy but he can only claim it's completely aligned to russia moscow guarantees military security and in return and joyce access to the oil reserves here. alexei undesired alternative is represented in douglas town out looking for slaves in a brick yard some of the victims have been here for years they fear reprisals from their bosses by users come to chicago which the victims tell us we're too scared to talk. or use sometimes they beat us or lock us up. with but when

yes the one hundred thousand people who are on hand as france's honor those who suffered under the soviets and the nazis will get an update from our correspondent in their own lives also coming up a pretty terrible time coming after years of love and on it it's now safe enough for some syrian refugees to return home to see how one family is struggling to rebuild lives interrupted by years of from war. and in the blood is like the away fans weren't in a party who didn't get in tears and they might have been miles from the very out box by a unix celebrated the start of october fast with a constable when ethel the shelf will take a look at the best of the action and. thanks for joining us i'm married to evanston. pope francis has paid tribute to the poignance who suffered during the country's soviet and nazi occupations a short time ago he laid a wreath at the monument of the villages ghetto where the country's jewish population was almost wiped out seventy five years ago under the nazis francis's on a tour of the baltic states as the three nations mark a century since winning independence fr