we couldn't afford to fight the soviet union. we will just keep things quiet and keep fighting china and going into china so they can sustain that luring position in china for the time being. >> it's like let's attack another giant. >> there's also the rivalry between the navy and the army. you have the so-called strike north faction which was largely army who wanted to go for the soviet union and strike the south sanction which was the naval because they needed the resources to keep going, who wanted to fight the war in southeast asia and the debacle in mongolia where these battles were flawed against zoo cough. the debacle basically meant the end of the strike of the north faction. >> can i get a second question? >> we can come back to you but since you are standing -- >> all right. i'm also kind of interested in to what extent was he sort of trying to move japan toward being more centralized and less perfectionist system? >> i'm sorry? >> what the will i have read about him kind of indicated that he was sort of trying to beam

vis-a-vis the soviet union, how we've treated the soviet union why we have a putin who finds the wonderful to run against the west and nato domestically because of something that goes back 15 years ago. this isn't happening out of -- in a vacuum. >> schieffer: that brings us to john mccain who is in ukraine, in kiev this morning, you just heard him. he told ukrainian people, he spoke to the demonstrators, he said we are for you, united states is with you. i think john mccain is with them. i want to check and see how far that extends to the united states. >> i think as tom said it's hard, we have it in our. >> dan: to love the protesters in the cold, that's what mccain was talking about. ultimately it's really the european union's fight not the united states' fight. very difficult to imagine scenario which the threats that pout is in making about withholding frayed agreements and what have you are able to be resisted. putin is railroad irresistible. >> the american people are emotionally with the ukrainians. i think the obama administration i can like a lot of issues, seems less interested

all of the old soviet union. and the toe of the soviet union collapsed. economic ties still exist. and the ukraine he used to be and is not with a great article on call roster. on the other hand the new korean trades with your. and. the there is another dilemma. listen up of ukraine especially the us he's with me the two joined the european zone. and since we bought the old ukraine is more related to watch. and that there is a villain. whom to choose. russia all. your for the time being everything is dictated by the economy and economic situation is worsening. from that today. all the people we don't resemble the energy supply is you usually came from. usually came from russia. and the tasty bits and. this year. this is beyond the core me all you create. and for the time being the ukraine to compose of course it does there are internal affair. we should say. who's right who's wrong that and decide for themselves. a slate of all words and a drunk have reached an historic nuclear deal during the five days of intens

they cannot really afford to fight the suit soviet union. and we have is that they reached in the spring. so we will just keep things quiet and keep fighting china and going into china, so that they can sustain that for the time being. >> okay, let's attack another giant. >> yes, it was also part of the inner services rivalry that we have this strike faction who wanted to go for the soviet union which was naval because they need the resources who wanted to fighting in southeast asia. they were part of these battles were fought their. >> since you're standing there. thank you. >> okay, thank you. to what extent is he sort of trying to write on these factions and sort of move this was a centralized system? >> well, what little i have read and japan was this factionalized plays in to what extent is he trying to change that? >> well, he wrote and he was into efficiency. and we have individual parts of this and i think that he did try to centralize and also his primary situation was to help others. because he was a very devoted sort of individual

they cannot really afford to fight the suit soviet union. and we have is that they reached in the spring. so we will just keep things quiet and keep fighting china and going into china, so that they can sustain that for the time being. >> okay, let's attack another giant. >> yes, it was also part of the inner services rivalry that we have this strike faction who wanted to go for the soviet union which was naval because they need the resources who wanted to fighting in southeast asia. they were part of these battles were fought their. >> since you're standing there. thank you. >> okay, thank you. to what extent is he sort of trying to write on these factions and sort of move this was a centralized system? >> well, what little i have read and japan was this factionalized plays in to what extent is he trying to change that? >> well, he wrote and he was into efficiency. and we have individual parts of this and i think that he did try to centralize and also his primary situation was to help others. because he was a very devoted sort of individual

when the soviet union died russia was a mess. it's economy was a mess. the ruble were plunging in value as were numbers and life expectancies. several former sel soviet membes went their own way. fast forward, boris yeltsin is dead, and yeltsine successor vladimir putin has reasserted russia's place in the world. >> russian president vladimir putin had a few surprises up his sleeve thursday as he announced the prisoner releases in his announcement. most notable, mikhail khodorkovsky. he has spent ten year in jail. he was found guilty of tax invasion in 2015 and i am bes embezzlementment in 2010. >> he's citing humanitarian reasons, his mother is ill. i think taking that into circumstances it is possible to make the relative decision. >> reporter: the russian president also announced a new amnesty bill which will free several political prisoners. prisoners not involved in violent crimes, minors, women, small children and first time offenders. the bill will grant release of greenpeace activists involved in an arctic demonstration and members of the punk gro

but everyone, including the army, who saw the soviet union as their enemy opposed it. it was partly because of the experience that told them oth otherwise it was to undermine the position they were taking and they wanted him to leave his cabinet without him having to dirty his own hands. >> but the relations with the ex's power was old because they didn't trust one another. and the issue of wanting to have the jews on their side is one illustration, but you hear stories from german business man who were taken out for a drunking evening by japanese colleagues and thought it would please the west german colleagues if the steins of beer saw the horse vessel lead and that wasn't the thing tho do. to do to ingratiate themselves. >> george burlestein. i am interested in rather germany was instrumental in encouraging them to get in on the war and did they know they were going to attack. america declared war but not against germany and there was a period of five days where no one knew it would happen. there was thought it might be beneficial for hitler to not declare war. do y

and the soviet union. i mean, and he'd been in world war ii which was another big battle against this totalitarian, evil empire. and he really wanted to win that. because he liked, the kennedys liked to win. so, you know, that's almost -- i don't know if that's ideological or more psychological. it's always dangerous ground for a biographer to start getting into motives. but i think he really believed this stuff about the godless soviet union. i mean, going back to that, going back to that brookline house that's opened just in the summers, it was a project of rose kennedy after president kennedy was killed. it was really her thing. and she did an audio tour. if you do the last tour of the day, it's one of these things -- you don't even need one of those cell phones or, you know, magic ear sticks, you know? you just go around, and they press a button, and you walk into the room, and you hear her voice talking about it. and each room of that house she's talking about some sort of, you know, they lived near t

the germans claimed the soviet union did it. the soviet union claimed that it happened when the germans occupied this territory. this story was rather controversial for a half a century. interestingly enough, roosevelt and churchill knew from day one that these murders of the poles had been done by soviet union on joe stalin's orders. they didn't say anything, again, because they did not want to alienate stalin, who could conceivably make a separate peace with germany; then we would have been left with the bulk of the fighting and the bulk of the casualties. c-span: page 273. this seemed to be one of those sentences that people who don't like fdr probably use when they're talking about him. "i th"--and this is a quote: "i think if i give stalin everything i possibly can and ask for nothing from him in return, noblesse oblige, he won't try to annex anything and will work with me for a world of democracy and peace." where does that come from? >> guest: it comes out of franklin roosevelt's character, which is a reliance on a--an al

repeat them fly the achievement has made chai now one of only three countries south of the form of soviet union and the united states to send a man comes to this office of the moon. john wesley is expected to release so roll on roll that called you to watch a drop it to subang to move stuff is for the next three months. please expect attacks on the bike exploration programs on the moon with a view to gaining access to the natural resources that that i not completed its first manned space flight colony of this century and plans to open its own space to deny iran the two thousand and eight north korea's state run media has given its fast coverage of lead of kim jong woman sees the execution of his on call and that presumed mentone count on pack of old korean leadership is up on three trying to shoulder the solidity of the company's great team and the kindle will. today is the head of the autobots me of the death of fall monday that teams don't yell. korean central london reported that kim visited the korean people's army research institute full building design. it showed many photos of the tool b

china joins the united states and the soviet union in doing so. erica pitzi has more. >> the mission went as planned. on saturday china's lunar rover landed on the move. state television aired the landing alongside a computer image of the path so people could watch as images of the moon's surface got closer until the spacecraft touched down. a celebration of hugs and hand shakes followed. as made by the chief commander. the rocket carrying the rever blasted off two week ago. after the weekend dozens of workers watched and waited, as well as china's president who witnessed the final moments. he applauded the landing and shook hands as china joined the united states and soviet union was the only countries to land on the moon. >> they want to show they are among the big boys. this mission goes to prove that. >> this is the first of its kind sinces 1976 when the soviet union landed lunar 24. the chinas rover named yutu or jade rabbit will survey the geological structure and service and look for resources. this is a monumental moment, the country lags

it seems that one was popular if expensive throughout the soviet union by the one nine hundred seventy s. this factory alone was producing more than two million bottles see here. this isn't just the oldest wine cellar in the region it's also one of the largest each one of these titles is the length of almost three football fields and if you were so inclined you could drink a liter of wine a day for each of these barrels and it would take seven it's finished. this one contains eighty two thousand bottles of about two hundred fifty six of the best sorts of wines from all wine making regions of the former soviet union and here we have wines from georgia and russia mainly from dawn and this stuff are called region. but could i find a brown family bottle tucked away in this collection. even in all these thousands i still wasn't having any success. my personal quest wasn't going all that well but i was getting a crash course in the history of wine in this region greek settlers brought the technology to the black sea coast more than two thousand years ago and one of the descendants is still f

and national security complex that was basically had a first strike capability on the soviet union and could get away with it and that is the basis for which the cuban missile crisis and the berlin berlin crisis of one nine hundred sixty one two brought us to the edge to the brink of war eisenhower secretary of state dollars had called it brinksmanship going against the soviet union going to rollback containment but as a far more aggressive policy in that scene we'd had five or six nuclear threats we made against the chinese and against the soviet you kennedy inherited this office as a young man. and he was suspected by the military leaders the hardliners of the us that he did not have that the wherewithal to really continue the eisenhower policy he had failed to do so in laos to go in to send ground troops he failed in cuba at the bay of pigs to give it to suit the air support that it needed when he failed in the vietnam to really carry through a a much more in gauged process with get the me he said non-combat advisors but not combat people so if this was going on that he was fighting

coming ways that first generation you know soviet union breakdown people went through that i mean i'm a little younger but i also feel lost you know i don't have that strong sense of belonging to one country or another because i'm georgian but i now live in russia and i was born in soviet union team have a strong bond to one country or sense of belonging to one place do you feel one hundred percent serbian is this what you are. identity wise yes i do hundred percent but on the other hand. very much working everywhere so i'm playing music in latin america in south korea in north america make the movie i rule the world i have friends in a similar to two people is. very much devoted to the idea of friends vision of i don't know how long time it's going to last and i really feel good with the french were told. so this is nothing general but break up this kind of big. countries even it was like it was big is making i would say consequences which absolutely difficult to carry on because once you were growing up with the national team in. dealing. with crowds more could only answer with ever

as the reverend said, they were supported by the soviet union, they were funded by the soviet union, they were one of the fault lines in the cold war. and there was a real fear in this country and in great britain. margaret thatcher also opposed sanctions in south africa, that you could lose southern africa and go to mozambique, and they would all lose parts of the nation. and all we knew about mandela before he went into prison was that he had joined the communists at one point, that he had been the leader in the violent struggle against the apartheid regime. and the real genius, political genius of mandela was that he came out of prison and saw that the policies he had espoused before he sbiwent into prison w no longer effective. >> everyone agreed that apartheid was odious. the agreement was how best to pursue the breakdown. after the sanctions debate, president reagan picked an ambassador, edward perkins to south africa, who was a black american, who arg uld fued for release of mandela. and, in fact, he may have had significant influence in releasing him. >> but let's be clear, r

do you think putin is trying to reassemble the old soviet union? >> yeah.to do that. maybe not in the kind of dictatorial way that the soviet union was, but in terms of organization, in terms of the alliances, bringing people closer and closer to moscow. bringing these near abroad closer to moscow, yes, absolutely, and the russian people want to do it and a lot of people in those countries are not so unhappy about doing it either. [ inaudible ]. >> we're having a little audio issues. let me go with you now, fred. do you feel that russia is putting a lot of pressure on the ukraine? >> they are. and when chris was starting to cut off, at that point i want to pick'em on it. he's absolutely right. a lot of those people in a lot of those countries wouldn't be too unhappy about it. you're seeing gigantic protests and pro-western politicians is that janokovic won an election. voted in office. the majority of pro-russian. you have high-profile gatherings showing a different side of ukraine but a deeply divided country. the u.s. a has to tread carefully on this. it'

as the reverend said, they were supported by the soviet union, they were funded by the soviet union,d war. and there was a real fear in this country and in great britain. margaret thatcher also opposed sanctions in south africa, that you could lose southern africa and go to mozambique, and they would all lose parts of the nation. and all we knew about mandela before he went into prison was that he had joined the communists at one point, that he had been the leader in the violent struggle against the apartheid regime. and the real genius, political genius of mandela was that he came out of prison and saw that the policies he had espoused before he went into prison were no longer effective. >> everyone agreed that apartheid was odious. the agreement was how best to pursue the breakdown. after the sanctions debate, president reagan picked an ambassador, edward perkins to south africa, who was a black american, who argued for the release of mandela. and, in fact, he may have had significant influence in releasing him. >> but let's be clear, reagan vetoed -- supported veto on bills, reaga

i'm sure you know that these and zorbas and standing on the part of the soviet union was one of the main reasons for its own collapse these very huge spending disproportionate spending on both military and intelligence i wonder why aren't the intelligence agencies being asked to cut the fat at the time when everybody else is subjected to susteren symmachus we have could intelligence spin the. as the united states has adjusted to the fiscal realities that we have in the united states but i think it's been money very well spent i don't think it's been exorbitant whatsoever we are a big country like russia where we have a global intelligence service because we have interests all over the world we have more threats you know i think it's interesting it might be interesting for your viewers you know the way the united states sees intelligence is different than when we saw it in the cold war while the soviet union and the united states were sort of pitted against each other in a sense it was an easier intelligence mission because russia is a very large of the soviet union was a very large natio

a first one had to do with their relationship with the soviet union particularly after stalin died. right after stalin died, the new leader of the soviet soviet union asked the western leaders far summit. he wanted to meet with the western leaders. the prime minister of france loved the idea. winston churchill loved it. foster was absolutely opposed. he believed there should never be any contact with the soviet union. because just a sit down at the table with them would suggest they were a deal might be possible. once you start believing that the entire edifice of the cold war could collapse. the first huge miscalculation was the failure to try engage the soviet leadership after stalin died. as far as they were concerned, and they actually said this in private, the new regime and people like crew sheaf are actually work and more dangerous than stalin because they can fool the world in to thinking that they're not actually ready to destroy us. the second huge miscalculation made was they completely misunderstood third world nationalist. hundreds of millions of people are emerging from

he lived personally quite modestly, but he had enormous numbers of houses all over the soviet union. in fact, one of the interesting things was i went around all the houses he had -- many of them beautiful houses overlooking the black sea. one of the ladies who showed me around was a very old lady who was about 90 something. and she said to me, oh, yes, i said to her, and, being a jealous historian, i wanted to make sure no one else had been around before me, and i said has anyone else been around these houses? and she said to me, no, no one's been round them for a long time except there are that was arab gentleman that insisted on seeing every single one of stalin's houses. i said, what was his name? saddam hussein, she said. so, of course, saddam hue -- hussein was obsessed with stalin. and when he was an ally of the soviet union in the '60s and '70s, he said i want to see every single house of stalin's. so he is the only other person apart from me who has been round every one of stalin's houses and seen how he lived. >> host: simon sebag montefiore, what are your current and near-

they needed a ground base from where to spy on the soviet union and pakistan offered them one. flights used to take off from a place near persona war in pakistan. those kind of advantages are the quid pro quo but the cost it has been enormous. pakistan is a -- has become a dysfunctional country. almost 42% of the pakistani school age children don't good to school. you had malala here whom is vilified in pakistan by some people. the islamist fundamentalists who were trained and armed to fight the soviets in afghanistan have become a nuisance for the united states globally and a real threat to afghanistan, pakistan and india. the problem has been that pakistan leadership always focused on one thing which was how to make pakistan militarily equally to indian. the americans assumed if we just give them enough military equipment they'll turn away from that purpose. that was a mistake because pakistan never gave a single soldier to fight the soviets even though they kept accepting the aid on the premises that pakistan would fight the soviet union. >> jon: we've him in some ways the s

whether russia will allow countries on its borders who used to be part of the soviet union, pick their own destiny, pick their own relationship, or try to pull them back to the eurasian authority. >> you'll see clothes factories, industries, and the system that gave a lot of jobs to russian and ukrainian speakers, those are not 21st century industries. won't they see a future that involves a frightening transition to this new borderless capitalism? >> no doubt there is a short-term challenge. in some respects that's what forced the hand of president yanukovych. he's weighing short term, ukraine could go bankrupt in the next couple of months, and the crisis could only accelerate that. he could turn to a country like russia even china, to get short-term cash, reduced energy prices to sustain the industry you've referred to. that's a matter of short term paying off some of the structural pain of trying to adapt ukraine's economy to a global economy. that's the prospect of the deal he had with europe. yes, it was going to require transition but it offered the prospect and lots of research

the soviet union looks the portuguese colored explained through. the rebels quickly got a feel for the soviet rifle after their victory it became a national symbol. the sea in the middle of the. flag we have yet the star. and the book the who and the. book signifies advocation and the whole. culture for. the struggle for liberation of all counts. and. it is sort of these. times to be a shift machine building. in a big old cold internationalism. the employees just because everyone in the plant was like robots if they were ever to find another job at a factory making meat grinders the end product would still be a kalashnikov. that was going to get. closed. in a week they have regular jobs but it weekends these people change this stuff the officers scrub battle dress. to kalashnikovs but these weapons a loaded with plastic bowls instead of bullets flourishes no making a kalashnikov with a difference. because they kill everything else about these non-lethal rifles remains true to the original. design and appearance. everyone can feel like a real soldier

it seems the wine was popular if expensive throughout the soviet union by the one nine hundred seventy s. this factory alone was producing more than two million bottles see here. this isn't just the oldest wine cellar in the region it's also one of the largest each one of these titles is the length of almost three football fields and if you were so inclined you could drink a liter of wine a day for each of these barrels and it would take seven it's finished. this wine cellar contains eighty two thousand bottles of about two hundred fifty six of the best sorts of wines from all wine making regions of the former soviet union and here we have wines from georgia and russia mainly from dawn and the stuff . but could i find a brown family bottle tucked away in this collection. even in all these thousands i still wasn't having any success. my personal quest wasn't going all that well but i was getting a crash course in the history of wine in this region greek settlers brought the technology to the black sea coast more than two thousand years ago and one of the descendants is still following t